10-K


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 FORM 10-K
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015
OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number: 0-25965
j2 GLOBAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
47-1053457
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
6922 Hollywood Boulevard, Suite 500, Los Angeles, California 90028, (323) 860-9200
(Address and telephone number of principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes  x
No o
     Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes  o
No x
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  
Yes  x
No  o
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  
Yes  x
No  o
     Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “small reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer  x
Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes o   No x
 
As of the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the approximate aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates, based upon the closing price of the common stock as quoted by the NASDAQ Global Select Market was $1,688,736,275. Shares of common stock held by executive officers, directors and holders of more than 5% of the outstanding common stock have been excluded. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
 
As of February 23, 2016, the registrant had 48,668,436 shares of common stock outstanding.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
 
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to stockholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held May 4, 2016 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes 130 pages with the Index to Exhibits located on page 123.
 





TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
Page
 
PART I.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.  
Business
3
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1A.  
Risk Factors
8
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1B.  
Unresolved Staff Comments
23
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.  
Properties
23
 
 
 
 
 
Item 3.  
Legal Proceedings
23
 
 
 
 
 
Item 4.  
Mine Safety Disclosures
25
 
 
 
 
 
PART II.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 5.  
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
26
 
 
 
 
 
Item 6.  
Selected Financial Data
30
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
31
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
47
 
 
 
 
 
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
49
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9.
Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
121
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
121
 
 
 
 
 
Item 9B.
Other Information
123
 
 
 
 
 
PART III.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
123
 
 
 
 
 
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
123
 
 
 
 
 
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
123
 
 
 
 
 
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
123
 
 
 
 
 
Item 14.
Principal Accounting Fees and Services
123
 
 
 
 
 
PART IV.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
123

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PART I
Item 1.    Business

Overview
j2 Global, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“j2 Global”, “our”, “us” or “we”), is a leading provider of Internet services. Through our Business Cloud Services Division, we provide cloud services to businesses of all sizes, from individuals to enterprises, and license our intellectual property ("IP") to third parties. In addition, the Business Cloud Services Division includes our j2 Cloud Connect business which is primarily focused on our voice and fax products. Our Digital Media Division specializes in the technology and gaming markets, reaching in-market buyers and influencers in both the consumer and business-to-business space.
Our Business Cloud Services Division generates revenues primarily from customer subscription and usage fees and from IP licensing fees. Our Digital Media Division generates revenues from advertising, performance marketing and licensing fees.

In addition to growing our business organically, on a regular basis we acquire businesses to grow our customer bases, expand and diversify our service offerings, enhance our technologies, acquire skilled personnel and to enter into other jurisdictions.
Our consolidated revenues are currently generated from three basic business models, each with different financial profiles and variability. Our Business Cloud Services Division is driven primarily by subscription revenues that are relatively higher margin, stable and predictable from quarter-to-quarter with some seasonal weakness in the fourth quarter. The Business Cloud Services Division also includes the results of our IP licensing business, which can vary dramatically in both revenues and profitability from period-to-period. Our Digital Media Division is driven primarily by advertising revenues, has relatively higher sales and marketing expense and has seasonal strength in the fourth quarter. We continue to pursue additional acquisitions, which may include companies operating under business models that differ from those we operate under today. Such acquisitions could impact our consolidated profit margins and the variability of our revenues.
We were incorporated in 2014 as a Delaware corporation through the creation of a new holding company structure, and our Business Cloud Services segment, operated by our wholly-owned subsidiary, j2 Cloud Services, Inc, and its subsidiaries, was founded in 1995. We manage our operations through two business segments: Business Cloud Services and Digital Media. Information regarding revenue and operating income attributable to each of our reportable segments and certain geographic information is included within Note 16 - Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference. IP licensing activities are included within the Business Cloud Services segment.

Business Cloud Services
We believe that businesses of all sizes are increasingly purchasing cloud services to meet their communication, messaging, data backup, hosting, customer relationship management and other needs. Cloud-based services represent a model for delivering and consuming, independent of location, real time business technology services, resources and solutions over the Internet. Their goal is to reduce or eliminate costs, increase sales and enhance productivity, mobility, business continuity and security. Our eFax® and MyFax® online fax services enable users to receive faxes into their email inboxes and to send faxes via the Internet. eVoice® and Onebox® provide our customers a virtual phone system with various available enhancements. KeepItSafe® enables our customers to securely back up their data and dispose of tape or other physical systems. Our FuseMail® service provides our customers email, archival and perimeter protection solutions, while Campaigner® provides our customers enhanced email marketing solutions. CampaignerCRM® provides customer relationship management solutions designed to increase our customers' sales and increase efficiency. All of these services represent software-as-a-service solutions except online backup which represents an infrastructure-as-a-service solution. We believe these services represent more efficient and less expensive solutions than many existing alternatives, and provide increased security, privacy, flexibility and mobility.
We generate substantially all of our Business Cloud Services revenues from "fixed" subscription revenues for basic customer subscriptions and, to a lesser extent, “variable” usage revenues generated from actual usage by our subscribers. Our online fax, virtual phone, email and customer relationship management products have both a fixed and variable subscription component with the substantial majority of revenues derived from the fixed portion. Our online backup products derive revenue solely from fixed subscriptions. In addition, the cost structures of all our Business Cloud Services are very similar in terms of fixed and variable components and include capital expenditures that are in proportion to revenue for each product offering. We also generate Business Cloud Services revenues from patent licensing and sales and advertising. We categorize our Business Cloud Services and solutions into two basic groups: number-based, which are services provided in whole or in part through a telephone number, and non-number-based, which are our other cloud services for business.

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We market our Business Cloud Services offerings to a broad spectrum of prospective business customers including sole proprietors, small to medium-sized businesses, and enterprises and government organizations. Our marketing efforts include enhancing brand awareness; utilizing online advertising, search engines and affiliate programs; selling through both a telesales and direct sales force; and cross-selling. We continuously seek to extend the number of distribution channels through which we acquire paying customers and improve the cost and volume of customers obtained through our current channels.
We offer the following cloud services and solutions:
Fax
eFax® is the leading brand in the global online fax market. Various tiers of service provide increasing levels of features and functionality to sole proprietors, small and medium-sized businesses, and enterprises around the world. Our most popular services allow individuals to receive and send faxes as email attachments. In addition to eFax®, we offer online fax services under a variety of alternative brands including MyFax®, eFax Plus®, eFax Pro™, eFax Corporate™ and eFax Developer™.
Voice and Unified Communications
eVoice® is a virtual phone system that provides small and medium-sized businesses on-demand voice communications services, featuring a toll-free or local company number, auto-attendant and menu tree. With these services, a subscriber can assign departmental and individual extensions that can connect to multiple U.S. or Canadian numbers, including land-line and mobile phones and IP networks, and can enhance reachability through “find me/follow me” capabilities. These services also include advanced integrated voicemail for each extension, effectively unifying mobile, office and other separate voicemail services and improving efficiency by delivering voicemails in both native audio format and as transcribed text.
Onebox® is a full-featured unified communications suite. It combines the features of many of our other branded services, plus added functionality, to provide a full virtual office. Onebox includes a virtual phone system, hosted email, online fax, audio conferencing and web conferencing.
Online Backup
KeepItSafe® provides fully managed and monitored online backup solutions for businesses, using its ISO-certified platform. By securing critical digital assets via the Internet to highly secure data vaults, customers enjoy peace of mind knowing they have reliable and cost effective backups, and equally importantly rapid restores of the data that keeps their businesses operating. The software installs simply and provides full-server imaging and proven off-site data recovery capabilities without costly investments. Company data is protected from human error, file corruption and other harmful factors.
LiveDrive®, which was acquired in February 2014, provides online backup with added file-sync features for professionals and individuals.

SugarSync®, which was acquired in March 2015, provides online file backup, synchronization and sharing of assets.

LiveVault®, which was acquired in September 2015, provides data backup and recovery services.

Email and Customer Relationship Management
FuseMail® offers hosted email security, email encryption and email archival services to businesses.  These solutions are hosted offsite and seamlessly integrated into a customer's existing email system. The services include hosted email, VirusSMART™ virus scanning, CypherSMART™ encryption services, SpamSMART™ SPAM filtering and VaultSMART™ / PolicySMART™ archiving which delivers a secure, scalable email archiving and customizable compliance tool to correspond with a company's retention policy.

Campaigner® is an email marketing service that enables businesses to easily create and send highly personalized one-to-one email communications to subscribers and customers to build better relationships. Campaigner also helps businesses increase the size of their mailing lists, comply with email regulations like CAN-SPAM and get more emails to more inboxes. CampaignerCRM® is an easy-to-use, cloud-based CRM solution specifically designed to help small/medium-sized businesses close more deals, reduce the sales cycle and sell larger deals.


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IP Licensing

We hold a number of issued U.S. and foreign patents and other intellectual property rights. We seek to license some of these intellectual property rights to third parties in exchange for fees. We include the results of these activities within the Business Cloud Services segment, exclusive of brand licensing by the Digital Media segment.

Global Network and Operations
Our Business Cloud Services business operates multiple physical Points of Presence (“POPs”) worldwide, a central data center in Los Angeles and several remote disaster recovery facilities. We connect our POPs to our central data centers via redundant, and often times diverse, Virtual Private Networks (“VPNs”) using the Internet. Our network is designed to deliver value-added user applications, customer support and billing services for our customers anywhere in the world and a local presence for our number-based service customers from thousands of cities in 50 countries on six continents. We offer numbers covering all major metropolitan areas in the U.S., U.K. and Canada, and such other major cities as Berlin, Hong Kong, Madrid, Manila, Mexico City, Milan, Paris, Rome, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei, Tokyo and Zurich. We have customers located throughout the world.
Customer Support Services
Our Business Cloud Services customer service organization supports our cloud services customers through a combination of online self-help, email communications, interactive chat sessions and telephone calls. Our Internet-based online self-help tools enable customers to resolve simple issues on their own, eliminating the need to speak or write to our customer service representatives. We use internal personnel and contracted third parties (on a dedicated personnel basis) to answer our customer emails and telephone calls and to participate in interactive chat sessions.
Our Business Cloud Services segment customer service organization provides email support seven days per week, 24 hours per day to all subscribers. Paying subscribers have access to live-operator telephone support seven days per week, 24 hours per day. Dedicated telephone support is provided for corporate customers 24 hours per day, seven days per week. Live sales and customer support services are available in various languages, including English, Spanish, Dutch, German, French and Cantonese.
Competition
Our Business Cloud Services segment faces competition from, among others, online fax-providers, traditional fax machine or multi-function printer companies, unified messaging/communications providers, telephone companies, voicemail providers, companies offering PBX systems and outsourced PBX solutions, email providers, various data backup and hosting providers and customer relationship management solutions. Historically, our most popular solutions have related to online faxing, including the ability of our customers to access faxes via email and our outbound desktop faxing capabilities. These solutions compete primarily against traditional fax machine manufacturers, which are generally large and well-established companies, as well as publicly traded and privately-held providers of fax servers and related software and outsourced fax services. Some of these companies may have greater financial and other resources than we do.
We believe that the primary competitive factors determining our success in the market for our Business Cloud Services include financial strength and stability; pricing; reputation for reliability and security of service; intellectual property ownership; effectiveness of customer support; sign-up, service and software ease-of-use; service scalability; customer messaging and branding; geographic coverage; scope of services; currency and payment method acceptance; and local language sales, messaging and support.
For more information regarding the competition that we face, please refer to the section entitled Risk Factors contained in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Digital Media
Our Digital Media business segment consists of the web properties and business operations of Ziff Davis. The Ziff Davis portfolio of web properties - including PCMag.com, IGN.com, Speedtest.net, AskMen.com and TechBargains.com, among many others - features trusted reviews of technology, gaming and men's lifestyle products and services; news and commentary related to these vertical markets; professional networking tools, targeted emails and white papers for IT professionals; speed testing for Internet and mobile network connections; and online deals and discounts for consumers.

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We generate Digital Media revenues from the sale of display and video advertising on our owned-and-operated properties as well as third-party sites, from the sale of customer clicks to online merchants and business-to-business leads to IT vendors, and through the licensing of technology, data and other intellectual material to clients. During 2015, our Digital Media web properties attracted 4.0 billion visits and 10.3 billion page views.
We believe competitive factors relating to attracting and retaining users include the ability to provide premium and exclusive content and the reach, effectiveness, and efficiency of our marketing services to attract advertisers and publishers are important. We continue to seek opportunities to acquire additional web properties, both within and outside of the technology, gaming and men's lifestyle verticals, with the goal of monetizing their audiences and content though application of our proprietary technologies and insight.
Web Properties
Our Digital Media properties and services include the following:
PCMag is a trusted online resource for laboratory-based product reviews, technology news and buying guides. We operate the largest and oldest independent testing facility for consumer technology products. Founded in 1984, our lab produces more than 2,200 unbiased technology product and service reviews annually. PCMag's “Editor's Choice” award is recognized globally as the trust-mark for buyers and sellers of technology products and services.
IGN.com is a leading online media and services company focused on gaming and entertainment. Our premium gaming and entertainment content attracts one of the largest online concentrations of men within the 18-34-year old age category.
Speedtest.net is a global market leader in allowing consumers and businesses to test broadband connection speed and mobile network speed. Our desktop solutions test connections to the Internet as well as on internal networks. Our mobile apps test cellular connections and Wi-Fi speeds.
AskMen.com is a leading online source of information and advice focused on men’s lifestyles. AskMen.com features the latest in fashion, grooming, health, sports, fine living and finance.
TechBargains.com is a destination for the best deals and discounts on the web. Our site curates up-to-the-minute deals and coupons from top brands for electronics, hardware, software and more.

Display and Video Advertising
We sell online display and video advertising on our owned-and-operated web properties and on third party sites as well as targeted advertising across the Internet through various unaffiliated third party digital advertising networks.
We have contractual arrangements with advertisers either directly or through agencies. The terms of these contracts specify the price of the advertising to be sold and the volume of advertisements that will be served over the course of a campaign.
In addition to the contracts with advertisers and agencies, we have contractual arrangements with certain third party websites not owned by us and third party advertising networks to deliver online display and video advertising to their websites or to third-party sites.
Our technology allows for both online display and video advertising to be targeted by subject matter, keyword, ad size and placement as well as by past browsing behavior, geography and other factors (such advertising is commonly referred to as interest-based advertising), subject to applicable laws. We use Internet cookies and other end-user tracking technologies to learn about user activity, including: what pages were visited; which links were clicked; and other actions taken by users on our owned and operated websites and certain third party sites. This practice allows us to provide visitors to our owned and operated websites and certain third party websites with more useful and relevant advertisements.
Performance Marketing
We generate business-to-business leads for IT vendors through the marketing of content, including white papers and webinars, and offer additional lead qualification and nurturing services. On the consumer side, we generate clicks to online merchants by promoting deals and discounts on our web properties.

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Licensing
We license our proprietary technology, data and intellectual property to third parties for various purposes. For instance, we will license our Speedtest technology to businesses to allow them to test their internal networks, or we will license the right to use PCMag's “Editors' Choice” logo and other copyrighted editorial content to businesses whose products have earned such distinction.
Competition
Competition in the digital media space is fierce and continues to intensify. Our digital media business competes with online publishers including CNET, PCWorld, TechTarget, AOL Tech, GameSpot and others as well as with portals, advertising networks, social media sites and other platforms, including Yahoo, Facebook, Twitch and others.

We believe that the primary competitive factors determining our success in the market for our digital media include Ziff Davis' reputation as a trusted source of objective information and our ability to attract Internet users and advertisers to our web properties.
For more information regarding the competition that we face, please refer to the section entitled Risk Factors contained in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Patents and Proprietary Rights
We regard the protection of our intellectual property rights as important to our success. We aggressively protect these rights by relying on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade dress and trade secrets. We also enter into confidentiality and intellectual property assignment agreements with employees and contractors, and nondisclosure agreements with parties with whom we conduct business in order to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information.
Through a combination of internal technology development and acquisitions, we have built a portfolio of numerous U.S. and foreign patents. We generate licensing revenues from some of these patents. We are currently engaged in litigation to enforce several of our patents. For a more detailed description of the lawsuits in which we are involved, see Item 3. Legal Proceedings. We intend to continue to invest in patents, to aggressively protect our patent assets from unauthorized use and to generate patent licensing revenues from authorized users.
Several of our U.S. patents have been reaffirmed through reexamination proceedings before the United States Patent and Trademark Office ("USPTO"). We have generated royalties from licensing certain of our patents and have enforced certain patents against companies using our patented technology without our permission.
We seek patents for inventions that may contribute to our business or technology sector. In addition, we have multiple pending U.S. and foreign patent applications, covering components of our technology and in some cases technologies beyond those that we currently offer. Unless and until patents are issued on the pending applications, no patent rights can be enforced.
We have obtained patent licenses for certain technologies where such licenses are necessary or advantageous.
We own and use a number of trademarks in connection with our services, including word and logo trademarks for eFax, MyFax, eFax Corporate, eVoice, KeepItSafe, Fusemail, Onebox, PCMag, IGN and AskMen, among others. Many of these trademarks are registered worldwide, and numerous trademark applications are pending around the world. We hold numerous Internet domain names, including “efax.com”, “efaxcorporate.com”, “myfax.com”, “fax.com”, “evoice.com”, “keepitsafe.com”, “fusemail.com”, “campaigner.com”, “onebox.com”, “pcmag.com”, “techbargains.com”, “ign.com” “askmen.com”, "Speedtest.net" and "offers.com" among others. We have filed to protect our rights to our brands in certain alternative top-level domains such as “.org”, “.net“, “.biz”, “.info” and “.us”, among others.
Like other technology-based businesses, we face the risk that we will be unable to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, and the risk that we will be found to have infringed the proprietary rights of others. For more information regarding these risks, please refer to the section entitled Risk Factors contained in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Government Regulation
We are subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business over the Internet and, in some cases, using services of third-party telecommunications and Internet service providers. These include,

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among others, laws and regulations addressing privacy, data storage, retention and security, freedom of expression, content, taxation, numbers, advertising and intellectual property. We are not a regulated telecommunications provider in the U.S. For information about the risks we face with respect to governmental regulation, please see Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled Risk Factors.
Seasonality
Our Business Cloud Services revenues are impacted by the number of effective business days in a given period. We traditionally experience lower than average Business Cloud Services usage and customer sign-ups in the fourth quarter. Revenues associated with our Digital Media operations are subject to seasonal fluctuations, becoming most active during the fourth quarter holiday period due to increased retail activity.
Research and Development
The markets for our services are evolving rapidly, requiring ongoing expenditures for research and development and timely introduction of new services and service enhancements. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to enhance our current services, to respond effectively to technological changes, to sell additional services to our existing customer base and to introduce new services and technologies that address the increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers.
We devote significant resources to develop new services and service enhancements. Our research, development and engineering expenditures were $34.3 million, $30.7 million and $25.5 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. For more information regarding the technological risks that we face, please refer to the section entitled Risk Factors contained in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Employees
As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately 1,608 employees, the majority of whom are in the U.S.
Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified technical, marketing and management personnel. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining unit or agreement. We have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe our relationship with our employees is good.
Web Availability of Reports
The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and files or furnishes reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Such reports and other information filed by the Company with the SEC are available free of charge on the Company's website at www.j2.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are available on the SEC's website. The information on our website is not part of this report. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings we file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Before deciding to invest in j2 Global or to maintain or increase your investment, you should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to the other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC, including our subsequent reports on Forms 10-Q and 8-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may affect our business. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our common stock will likely decline and you may lose part or all of your investment.


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Risks Related To Our Business

We rely heavily on the revenue generated by our fax services.

Currently, a substantial portion of our revenue is fax-to-email related and constitutes 42% of our consolidated revenues. Our business' success is therefore dependent upon the continued use of fax as a messaging medium and/or our ability to diversify our service offerings and derive more revenue from other services, such as voice, online backup, email, unified messaging solutions and services related to our Digital Media segment. If the demand for online fax-to-email as a messaging medium decreases, and we are unable to replace lost revenues from decreased usage or cancellation of our fax services with a proportional increase in our customer base or with revenues from our other services, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
 
We believe that one of the attractive features of our eFax® and similar products is that fax signatures are a generally accepted method of executing contracts. There are on-going efforts by governmental and non-governmental entities to create a universally accepted method for electronically signing documents. Widespread adoption of so-called “digital signatures” could reduce demand for our fax services and, as a result, could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
 
Weakness in the economy has adversely affected and may adversely affect segments of our customers, which has resulted and may result in decreased usage and advertising levels, customer acquisitions and customer retention rates and, in turn, could lead to a decrease in our revenues or rate of revenue growth.

Certain segments of our customers have been and may be adversely affected by weakness in the general economy and the slow pace of recovery. To the extent these customers' businesses are adversely affected by an economic downturn, their usage of our services and/or our customer retention rates would decline. This may result in decreased cloud services subscription and/or usage revenues and decreased advertising or e-commerce revenues in our Digital Media segment, which may adversely impact our revenues and profitability.

In order to sustain our growth, we must continue to engage in acquisitions that could result in dilution, operating difficulties and other harmful consequences, and may require us to incur additional indebtedness.

We must acquire or invest in additional businesses, products, services and technologies that complement or augment our service offerings and customer base in order to sustain our growth. We may not successfully identify suitable acquisition candidates, integrate or manage disparate technologies, lines of business, personnel and corporate cultures, realize our business strategy or the expected return on our investment, or manage a geographically dispersed company. If we are unable to identify and execute on acquisitions or integrate acquisitions successfully, our revenues, business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could suffer. Moreover, acquisitions could divert attention from management and from other business concerns and could expose us to unforeseen liabilities or unfavorable accounting treatment. In addition, we may lose key employees while integrating any new companies, and we may have difficulties entering new markets where we have no or limited prior experience. Further, while we conduct due diligence in connection with acquisition opportunities, there may be risks or liabilities that such due diligence efforts fail to discover, that are not disclosed to us or that we inadequately assess. The discovery of material liabilities associated with acquisitions could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may pay for some acquisitions by issuing additional common stock or other equity securities, which would dilute current stockholders, or incur debt, which may cause us to incur additional interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements. We may also use cash to make acquisitions, which may limit our availability of cash for other uses, such as interest payments, stock repurchases or dividends. We will be required to review goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment in connection with past and future acquisitions, which may materially increase operating expenses if an impairment issue is identified.


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The majority of our revenue within the Digital Media segment is derived from short-term advertising arrangements and a reduction in spending by or loss of current or potential advertisers would cause our revenue and operating results to decline.

In most cases, our agreements with advertisers have a term of less than one year and may be terminated at any time by the advertiser or by us without penalty. Advertising agreements often provide that we receive payment based on "served" impressions but the online ad industry has started to shift so that payment will be made based on "viewable" impressions, and that change in basis could have a negative effect on available impressions thereby reducing our revenue potential. Accordingly, it is difficult to forecast display revenue accurately. In addition, our expense levels are based in part on expectations of future revenue. Moreover, we believe that advertising on the Internet, as in traditional media, fluctuates significantly as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. Some of these factors include budget constraints of our advertisers, cancellations or delays of projects by our advertisers, the cyclical and discretionary nature of advertising spending, general economic, Internet-related and media industry conditions, as well as extraordinary events. The state of the global economy and availability of capital has impacted and could further impact the advertising spending patterns of existing and potential advertisers. Any reduction in spending by, or loss of, existing or potential advertisers would negatively impact our revenue and operating results. Further, we may be unable to adjust our expenses and capital expenditures quickly enough to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall.
If we are unable to develop or commission compelling content in our Digital Media segment at acceptable prices, our expenses may increase, the number of visitors to our online properties may not grow as anticipated, or may decline, and/or visitors' level of engagement with our websites may decline, any of which could harm our operating results.
Our future success depends in part on the ability of our Digital Media segment to aggregate compelling content and deliver that content through our online properties. We believe that users will increasingly demand high-quality content and services including more video and mobile-specific content. Such content and services may require us to make substantial payments to third parties if we are unable to develop content of our own. Our ability to maintain and build relationships with such third-party providers is critical to our success. In addition, as new methods for accessing the Internet become available, including through alternative devices, we may need to enter into amended agreements with existing third-party providers to cover the new devices. We may be unable to monetize the activity on these alternative devices including mobile devices which may supplant current traffic that we monetize. We may be unable to enter into new, or preserve existing, relationships with the third-parties whose content or services we seek to obtain. In addition, as competition for compelling content increases both domestically and internationally, our third-party providers may increase the prices at which they offer their content and services to us and potential providers may not offer their content or services to us at all, or may offer them on terms that are not agreeable to us. An increase in the prices charged to us by third-party providers could harm our operating results and financial condition. Further, many of our content and services licenses with third parties are non-exclusive. Accordingly, other media providers may be able to offer similar or identical content. This increases the importance of our ability to deliver compelling content and personalization of this content for users in order to differentiate our properties from other businesses. If we are unable to develop compelling content of our own, we may be required to engage freelance services or obtain licensed content which may not be at reasonable prices which could harm our operating results.

Users are increasingly using mobile devices to access our content within our Digital Media business segment and if we are unsuccessful in attracting new users to our mobile offerings, and expanding the capabilities of our content and other offerings with respect to our mobile platforms, our net revenues could decline.

Web usage and the consumption of digital content are increasingly shifting to mobile platforms such as smartphones and other connected devices. Visits to our mobile websites and applications have increased but if the percentage of visits to our mobile websites does not continue to grow or we are unable to effectively monetize our mobile content, net revenue will be impacted. In addition, we are less effective at monetizing digital offer content on our mobile websites and applications compared to our desktop websites.

The growth of our business depends in part on our ability to continue to adapt to the mobile environment and to deliver compelling solutions to consumers and retailers through these new mobile marketing channels. In addition, our success on mobile platforms will be dependent on our interoperability with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, and any changes in such systems that degrade our functionality or give preferential treatment to competitive services could adversely affect usage of our services through mobile devices.


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We could be subject to changes in our tax rates, the adoption of new U.S. or international tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities which may adversely impact our financial results.

We are a U.S. based multinational company subject to taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions, including Ireland, where a number of our subsidiaries are organized. Our provision for income taxes is based on a jurisdictional mix of earnings, statutory tax rates and enacted tax rules, including transfer pricing. Due to economic and political conditions, tax rates in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant change. As a result, our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, or changes in tax laws or their interpretation, including in the U.S. and Ireland.  For example, the Irish tax authorities announced changes to the treatment of non-resident Irish entities, commonly used in a “double Irish” structure. The changes will impact newly created Irish entities immediately but are not expected to impact existing non-resident Irish entities, such as ours, until after December 31, 2020. These changes may adversely impact our effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.

Additionally, the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development recently released draft guidance covering various topics, including addressing the “tax challenges of the digital economy,” country-by-country reporting, and definitional changes to permanent establishment, which could ultimately impact our tax liabilities to foreign jurisdictions and treatment of our foreign earnings from a U.S. perspective which may adversely impact our effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.
  
We are subject to examination of our income tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and other domestic and foreign tax authorities. We are currently under audit by the IRS, the California Franchise Tax Board (“FTB”) for tax years 2012 and 2013, the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance for tax years 2011 through 2013, and the New York City Department of Finance for years 2009 through 2011. However, the FTB audit has been suspended pending the outcome of the IRS audit for the same tax years. We are also under audit or review by other state and foreign taxing authorities for various periods. Our future income tax returns are likely to become the subject of audits by these or other taxing authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our income tax reserves and expense. If our reserves are not sufficient to cover these contingencies, such inadequacy could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Our business, customers and users may be subject to telecommunications and sales taxes.

As a provider of cloud services for business, we do not provide telecommunications services. Thus, we believe that our business and our users (by using our services) are not subject to various telecommunications and utility taxes. However, several state taxing authorities have challenged this belief and have and may continue to audit and assess our business and operations with respect to telecommunications and sales taxes.

In addition, the application of other indirect taxes (such as sales and use tax, business tax and gross receipt tax) to e-commerce businesses such as j2 Global and our users is a complex and evolving issue.

In November 2007, the U.S. federal government enacted legislation extending the moratorium on states and other local authorities imposing access or discriminatory taxes on the Internet through December 2015 (subsequently extended through October 1, 2016). This moratorium does not prohibit federal, state or local authorities from collecting taxes on our income or from collecting taxes that are due under existing tax rules. The application of existing, new or future laws could have adverse effects on our business, prospects and operating results. There have been, and will continue to be, substantial ongoing costs associated with complying with the various indirect tax requirements in the numerous markets in which we conduct or will conduct business. We are currently under audit for indirect taxes in several states and municipalities. We currently have no financial reserves established with respect to indirect taxes, as we have determined that the liability is not probable and estimable. As a result, if a material indirect tax liability associated with prior periods were to be recorded, it could materially affect our financial results for the period in which it is recorded.

Much of our Digital Media e-commerce revenue comes from arrangements in which we are paid by retailers to promote their digital product and service offers on our sites. Certain states have implemented regulations that require retailers to collect and remit sales taxes on sales made to residents of such states if a publisher, such as us, that facilitated that sale is a resident of such state. Paid retailers in our marketplace that do not currently have sales tax nexus in any state that subsequently passes similar regulations and in which we have operations, employees or contractors now or in the future, may significantly alter the manner in which they pay us, cease paying us for sales we facilitate for that retailer in such state, or cease using our marketplace, each of which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and operating results.


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A system failure, security breach or other technological risk could delay or interrupt service to our customers, harm our reputation or subject us to significant liability.

Our operations are dependent on our network being free from interruption by damage from fire, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failure, unauthorized entry, computer viruses, cyber-attacks or any other events beyond our control. There can be no assurance that our existing and planned precautions of backup systems, regular data backups, security protocols and other procedures will be adequate to prevent significant damage, system failure or data loss. Also, many of our services are web-based, and the amount of data we store for our users on our servers has been increasing. Despite the implementation of security measures, our infrastructure may be vulnerable to computer viruses, hackers or similar disruptive problems caused by our subscribers, employees or other Internet users who attempt to invade public and private data networks. As seen in the industries in which we operate and others, these activities have been, and will continue to be, subject to continually evolving cybersecurity and technological risks. Further, in some cases we do not have in place disaster recovery facilities for certain ancillary services. Moreover, a significant portion of our operations relies heavily on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other sensitive data. For example, a significant number of our cloud services customers authorize us to bill their credit or debit card accounts directly for all transaction fees charged by us. We rely on encryption and authentication technology to effect secure transmission of confidential information, including customer credit and debit card numbers. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other developments may result in a compromise or breach of the technology used by us to protect transaction and other confidential data. Any system failure or security breach that causes interruptions or data loss in our operations or in the computer systems of our customers or leads to the misappropriation of our or our customers' confidential information could result in a significant liability to us (including in the form of judicial decisions and/or settlements, regulatory findings and/or forfeitures, and other means), cause considerable harm to us and our reputation (including requiring notification to customers, regulators, and/or the media) and deter current and potential customers from using our services. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Increased numbers of credit and debit card declines in our cloud business could lead to a decrease in our cloud business revenues or rate of revenue growth.

A significant number of our paid cloud services subscribers pay for their services through credit and debit cards. Weakness in certain segments of the credit markets and in the U.S. and global economies could result in increased numbers of rejected credit and debit card payments. We believe this could result in increased cloud services customer cancellations and decreased customer signups. Rejected credit or debit card payments, cloud services customer cancellations and decreased customer sign up may adversely impact our revenues and profitability.

If our Business Cloud Services segment experiences excessive fraudulent activity or cannot meet evolving credit card company merchant standards, we could incur substantial costs and lose the right to accept credit cards for payment and our subscriber base could decrease significantly.

A significant number of our paid cloud services subscribers authorize us to bill their credit card accounts directly for all service fees charged by us. If people pay for these services with stolen credit cards, we could incur substantial unreimbursed third-party vendor costs. We also incur losses from claims that the customer did not authorize the credit card transaction to purchase our service. If the numbers of unauthorized credit card transactions become excessive, we could be assessed substantial fines for excess chargebacks and could lose the right to accept credit cards for payment. In addition, we are subject to Payment Card Industry (“PCI”) data security standards, which require periodic audits by independent third parties to assess our compliance. PCI standards are a comprehensive set of requirements for enhancing payment account data security. Failure to comply with the security requirements or rectify a security issue may result in fines or a restriction on accepting payment cards. Credit card companies may change the standards required to utilize their services from time to time. If we are unable to meet these new standards, we could be unable to accept credit cards. Further, the law relating to the liability of providers of online payment services is currently unsettled and states may enact their own rule with which we may not comply. Substantial losses due to fraud or our inability to accept credit card payments, which could cause our paid cloud services subscriber base to significantly decrease, could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.



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The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and our competitors may have greater resources to commit to growth, superior technologies, cheaper pricing or more effective marketing strategies. Also, we face significant competition for users, advertisers, publishers, developers and distributors.

For information regarding our competition, and the risks arising out of the competitive environment in which we operate, see the section entitled Competition contained in Item 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, some of our competitors include major companies with much greater resources and significantly larger subscriber bases than we have. Some of these competitors offer their services at lower prices than we do. These companies may be able to develop and expand their network infrastructures and capabilities more quickly, adapt more swiftly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements, take advantage of acquisition and other opportunities more readily and devote greater resources to the marketing and sale of their products and services than we can. There can be no assurance that additional competitors will not enter markets that we are currently serving and plan to serve or that we will be able to compete effectively. Competitive pressures may reduce our revenue, operating profits or both.

Our Digital Media segment faces significant competition from online media companies as well as from social networking sites, traditional print and broadcast media, general purpose and search engines and various e-commerce sites.
Several of our competitors offer an integrated variety of Internet products, advertising services, technologies, online services and content. We compete against these and other companies to attract and retain users, advertisers and developers. We also compete with social media and networking sites which are attracting a substantial and increasing share of users and users' online time, and may continue to attract an increasing share of online advertising dollars.
In addition, several competitors offer products and services that directly compete for users with our Digital Media segment offerings. Similarly, the advertising networks operated by our competitors or by other participants in the display marketplace offer services that directly compete with our offerings for advertisers, including advertising exchanges, ad networks, demand side platforms, ad serving technologies and sponsored search offerings. We also compete with traditional print and broadcast media companies to attract advertising spending. Some of our existing competitors and possible entrants may have greater brand recognition for certain products and services, more expertise in a particular segment of the market, and greater operational, strategic, technological, financial, personnel, or other resources than we do. Many of our competitors have access to considerable financial and technical resources with which to compete aggressively, including by funding future growth and expansion and investing in acquisitions, technologies, and research and development. Further, emerging start-ups may be able to innovate and provide new products and services faster than we can. In addition, competitors may consolidate with each other or collaborate, and new competitors may enter the market. Some of the competitors for our Business Cloud Services segment in international markets have a substantial competitive advantage over us because they have dominant market share in their territories, are owned by local telecommunications providers, have greater brand recognition, are focused on a single market, are more familiar with local tastes and preferences, or have greater regulatory and operational flexibility due to the fact that we may be subject to both U.S. and foreign regulatory requirements.
If our competitors are more successful than we are in developing and deploying compelling products or in attracting and retaining users, advertisers, publishers, developers, or distributors, our revenue and growth rates could decline.

Our growth will depend on our ability to develop, strengthen, and protect our brands, and these efforts may be costly and have varying degrees of success.
 
Our brand recognition has significantly contributed to the success of our business. Strengthening our current brands and launching competitive new brands will be critical to achieving widespread commercial acceptance of our products and services. This will require our continued focus on active marketing, the costs of which have been increasing and may continue to increase. In addition, substantial initial investments may be required to launch new brands and expand existing brands to cover new geographic territories and technology fields. Accordingly, we may need to spend increasing amounts of money on, and devote greater resources to, advertising, marketing and other efforts to cultivate brand recognition and customer loyalty. In addition, we are supporting an increasing number of brands, each of which requires its own investment of resources. Brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenues and, even if they do, increased revenues may not offset the expenses incurred. If we fail to launch, promote, and maintain our brands, or if we incur substantial expenses in doing so, our business could be harmed.
 

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 Our brand recognition depends, in part, on our ability to protect our trademark portfolio and establish trademark rights covering new brands and territories. Some regulators and competitors have taken the view that certain of our brands, such as eFax and eVoice, are descriptive or generic when applied to the products and services offered by our Business Cloud Services segment. Nevertheless, we have obtained U.S. and foreign trademark registrations for our brand names, logos, and other brand identifiers, including, eFax and eVoice. If we are unable to obtain, maintain or protect trademark rights covering our brands across the territories in which they are or may be offered, the value of these brands may be diminished, competitors may be able to dilute, harm, or freeload off our brand recognition and reputation, and our ability to attract subscribers may be adversely affected.
 
We hold domain names relating to our brands, in the U.S. and internationally. The acquisition and maintenance of domain names are generally regulated by governmental agencies and their designees. The regulation of domain names may change. Governing bodies may establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars or modify the requirements for holding domain names. As a result, we may be unable to acquire or maintain all relevant domain names that relate to our brands. Furthermore, international rules governing the acquisition and maintenance of domain names in foreign jurisdictions are sometimes different from U.S. rules, and we may not be able to obtain all of our domains internationally. As a result of these factors, we may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that are similar to, infringe upon or otherwise decrease the value of our brands, trademarks or other proprietary rights. In addition, failure to secure or maintain domain names relevant to our brands could adversely affect our reputation and make it more difficult for users to find our websites and services.

Inadequate intellectual property protections could prevent us from defending our proprietary technology and intellectual property.

Our success depends, in part, upon our proprietary technology and intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, contractual restrictions, and other confidentiality safeguards to protect our proprietary technology. However, these measures may provide only limited protection and it may be costly and time-consuming to enforce compliance with our intellectual property rights. In some circumstances, we may not have adequate, economically feasible or realistic options for enforcing our intellectual property and we may be unable to detect unauthorized use. While we have a robust worldwide portfolio of issued patents and pending patent applications, there can be no assurance that any of these patents will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, that we will be able to successfully police infringement, or that any rights granted under these patents will in fact provide a competitive advantage to us.

In addition, our ability to register or protect our patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property may be limited in some foreign countries. As a result, we may not be able to effectively prevent competitors in these regions from utilizing our intellectual property, which could reduce our competitive advantage and ability to compete in those regions and negatively impact our business.

We also strive to protect our intellectual property rights by relying on federal, state and common law rights, as well as contractual restrictions. We typically enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and confidentiality agreements with parties with whom we conduct business in order to limit access to, and disclosure and use of, our proprietary information. However, we may not be successful in executing these agreements with every party who has access to our confidential information or contributes to the development of our technology or intellectual property rights. Those agreements that we do execute may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. These contractual arrangements and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not prevent the misappropriation or disclosure of our proprietary information nor deter independent development of similar technology or intellectual property by others.

Monitoring unauthorized use of the content on our websites and mobile applications, and our other intellectual property and technology, is difficult and costly. Our efforts to protect our proprietary rights and intellectual property may not have been and may not be adequate to prevent their misappropriation or misuse. Third parties from time to time copy content or other intellectual property or technology from our solutions without authorization and seek to use it for their own benefit. We generally seek to address such unauthorized copying or use, but we have not always been successful in stopping all unauthorized use of our content or other intellectual property or technology, and may not be successful in doing so in the future. Further, we may not have been and may not be able to detect unauthorized use of our technology or intellectual property, or to take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property rights.

Companies that operate in the same industry as our Business Cloud Services and Digital Media segments have experienced substantial litigation regarding intellectual property. Currently, we have pending patent infringement lawsuits, both offensive and defensive, against several companies in this industry. Furthermore, we may find it necessary or appropriate to initiate claims or litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights or determine the validity and scope of intellectual property rights claimed by

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others. This or any other litigation to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights may be expensive and time-consuming, could divert management resources and may not be adequate to protect our business.

We may be found to have infringed the intellectual property rights of others, which could expose us to substantial damages or restrict our operations.

We have been and expect to continue to be subject to legal claims that we have infringed the intellectual property rights of others. The ready availability of damages and royalties and the potential for injunctive relief have increased the costs associated with litigating and settling patent infringement claims. In addition, we may be required to indemnify our resellers and users for similar claims made against them. Any claims, whether or not meritorious, could require us to spend significant time, money, and other resources in litigation, pay damages and royalties, develop new intellectual property, modify, design around, or discontinue existing products, services, or features, or acquire licenses to the intellectual property that is the subject of the infringement claims. These licenses, if required, may not be available at all or have acceptable terms. As a result, intellectual property claims against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. 
 
We may be subject to risks from international operations.
 
As we continue to expand our business operations in countries outside the U.S., our future results could be materially adversely affected by a variety of uncontrollable and changing factors including, among others, foreign currency exchange rates; political or social unrest or economic instability in a specific country or region; trade protection measures and other regulatory requirements which may affect our ability to provide our services; difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; and adverse tax consequences, including imposition of withholding or other taxes on payments by subsidiaries and affiliates. Any or all of these factors could have a material adverse impact on our future business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
 
We have only limited experience in marketing and operating our services in certain international markets. Moreover, we have in some cases experienced and expect to continue to experience in some cases higher costs as a percentage of revenues in connection with establishing and providing services in international markets versus the U.S. In addition, certain international markets may be slower than the U.S. in adopting the Internet and/or outsourced messaging and communications solutions and so our operations in international markets may not develop at a rate that supports our level of investments.

As we continue to grow our international operations, adverse currency fluctuations and foreign exchange controls could have a material adverse effect on our balance sheet and results of operations.
 
As we expand our international operations, we could be exposed to significant risks of currency fluctuations. In some countries outside the U.S., we offer our services in the applicable local currency, including but not limited to the Australian Dollar, the Canadian Dollar, the Euro, the Hong Kong Dollar, the Japanese Yen, the New Zealand Dollar, the Norwegian Kroner and the British Pound Sterling, among others. As a result, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates affect the results of our operations, which in turn may materially adversely affect reported earnings and the comparability of period-to-period results of operations. Changes in currency exchange rates may also affect the relative prices at which we and foreign competitors sell our services in the same market. In addition, changes in the value of the relevant currencies may affect the cost of certain items required in our operations. Furthermore, we may become subject to exchange control regulations, which might restrict or prohibit our conversion of other currencies into U.S. Dollars. We cannot assure you that future exchange rate movements will not have a material adverse effect on our future business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. To date, we have not entered into foreign currency hedging transactions to control or minimize these risks.

We may be engaged in legal proceedings that could cause us to incur unforeseen expenses and could divert significant operational resources and our management's time and attention.
 
From time to time we are subject to litigation or claims or be involved in other legal disputes or regulatory inquiries, including in the areas of patent infringement and anti-trust, that could negatively affect our business operations and financial condition. Such disputes could cause us to incur unforeseen expenses, divert operational resources, occupy a significant amount of our management's time and attention and negatively affect our business operations and financial condition. The outcomes of such matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, carrying the potential for unfavorable rulings that could include monetary damages and injunctive relief. We do not always have insurance coverage for defense costs, judgments, and settlements. We may also be subject to indemnification requirements with business partners, vendors, current and former officers and directors, and other third parties. Payments under such indemnification provisions may be material. For a more detailed description of certain lawsuits in which we are involved, see Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
 

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The successful operation of our business depends upon the supply of critical business elements and marketing relationships from other companies.
 
We depend upon third parties for critical elements of our business, including technology, infrastructure, customer service and sales and marketing components. We rely on private third-party providers for our Internet, telecommunications, website traffic and other connections and for co-location of a significant portion of our servers. Any disruption in the services provided by any of these suppliers, any adverse change in their terms and conditions of use or services, or any failure by them to handle current or higher volumes of activity could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. To obtain new cloud services customers, we have marketing agreements with operators of leading search engines and websites and employ the use of resellers to sell our products. These arrangements typically are not exclusive and do not extend over a significant period of time. Failure to continue these relationships on terms that are acceptable to us or to continue to create additional relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
  
Our business is highly dependent on our billing systems.
 
A significant part of our revenues depends on prompt and accurate billing processes. Customer billing is a highly complex process, and our billing systems must efficiently interface with third-party systems, such as those of credit card processing companies. Our ability to accurately and efficiently bill our customers is dependent on the successful operation of our billing systems and the third-party systems upon which we rely, such as our credit card processor, and our ability to provide these third parties the information required to process transactions. In addition, our ability to offer new services or alternative-billing plans is dependent on our ability to customize our billing systems. Any failures or errors in our billing systems or procedures could impair our ability to properly bill our current customers or attract and service new customers, and thereby could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results.

 Our success depends on our retention of our executive officers, senior management and our ability to hire and retain key personnel.
 
Our success depends on the skills, experience and performance of executive officers, senior management and other key personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of our executive officers, senior managers or other key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Our future success also depends on our continuing ability to attract, integrate and retain highly qualified technical, sales and managerial personnel. Competition for these people is intense, and there can be no assurance that we can retain our key employees or that we can attract, assimilate or retain other highly qualified technical, sales and managerial personnel in the future.
 
 We are exposed to risk if we cannot maintain or adhere to our internal controls and procedures.
 
We have established and continue to maintain, assess and update our internal controls and procedures regarding our business operations and financial reporting. Our internal controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurances regarding our business operations and financial reporting. However, because of the inherent limitations in this process, internal controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or misstatements. To the extent our internal controls are inadequate or not adhered to by our employees, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
 
If we are not able to maintain internal controls and procedures in a timely manner, or without adequate compliance, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud and may be subject to sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities such as the SEC or NASDAQ. Any such action or restatement of prior-period financial results as a result could harm our business or investors' confidence in j2 Global, and could cause our stock price to fall.

A substantial portion of our cash and investments is invested outside of the U.S. We may be subject to incremental taxes upon repatriation of such funds to the U.S.

A significant portion of our worldwide cash reserves are generated by, and therefore held in, foreign jurisdictions. To the extent we have excess cash in foreign locations that could be used in, or is needed by, our U.S. operations, we may incur significant taxes to repatriate there funds.
 

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Our level of indebtedness could adversely affect our financial flexibility and our competitive position.

Our level of indebtedness could have significant effects on our business. For example, it could:

•
make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations, including our current indebtedness and any other indebtedness we may incur in the future;
•
increase our vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions;
•
require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to make payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other elements of our business strategy and other general corporate purposes, including share repurchases and payment of dividends;
•
limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate;
•
require us to repatriate cash for debt service from our foreign subsidiaries resulting in tax costs or require us to adopt other disadvantageous tax structures to accommodate debt service payments;
•
restrict us from exploiting business opportunities;
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place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness; and
•
limit our ability to borrow additional funds for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our business strategy or other general corporate purposes.

In addition, the indenture governing the 8.0% Senior Notes due 2020 (the "Senior Notes") of our subsidiary, j2 Cloud Services, Inc. ("j2 Cloud Services"), and the agreements evidencing or governing other future indebtedness may, contain restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of all of our indebtedness.
 
To service our debt and fund our other capital requirements, we will require a significant amount of cash, and our ability to generate cash will depend on many factors beyond our control.

Our ability to meet our debt service obligations and to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other elements of our business strategy and other general corporate purposes, including share repurchases and payment of dividends, will depend upon our future performance, which will be subject to financial, business and other factors affecting our operations. To some extent, this is subject to general and regional economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. We cannot ensure that we will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available, in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our debt or to fund our other liquidity needs.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional indebtedness or equity capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures on commercially reasonable terms or at all and, even if successful, those alternative actions may not allow us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. The indenture governing the Senior Notes restricts our ability to dispose of assets and may also restrict our ability to raise indebtedness or equity capital to be used to repay other indebtedness when it becomes due. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain proceeds in an amount sufficient to meet any debt service obligations then due.

Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, would materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

The terms of the indenture governing the Senior Notes restrict the current and future operations of j2 Cloud Services and, indirectly, us, particularly the ability of j2 Cloud Services to respond to changes or to take certain actions.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on j2 Cloud Services and, indirectly, us and may limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions, meet capital needs or make acquisitions, or otherwise restrict our activities or business plans. These include restrictions on j2 Cloud Service's ability to:

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•
incur additional indebtedness;
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create liens;
•
engage in sale-leaseback transactions;
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pay dividends or make distributions in respect of capital stock;
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purchase or redeem capital stock;
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make investments or certain other restricted payments;
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sell assets;
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enter into transactions with affiliates; or
•
effect a consolidation or merger.

A breach of the covenants under the indenture governing the Senior Notes could result in an event of default. Such a default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related indebtedness and may result in the acceleration of any other indebtedness to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. In the event our lenders or the holders of our Senior Notes accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness or our other indebtedness.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Convertible Notes or to repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change or on a repurchase date or Senior Notes upon a change in control, and our future debt may contain limitations on our ability to pay cash upon conversion or repurchase of the Convertible Notes or the Senior Notes.

Holders of the 3.25% convertible senior notes due June 15, 2029 (the "Convertible Notes") will have the right to require us to repurchase their Convertible Notes on each of June 15, 2021 and June 15, 2024 and upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes), in each case, at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. Holders of the Senior Notes also have the right to require our subsidiary, j2 Cloud Services, to repurchase the Senior Notes upon the occurrence of a change in control (as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes) at a repurchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Convertible Notes being converted. It is our intention to satisfy our conversion obligation by paying and delivering a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, where cash will be used to settle each $1,000 of principal and the remainder, if any, will be settled via shares of our common stock. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of Convertible Notes or Senior Notes surrendered therefor or Convertible Notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the Convertible Notes or Senior Notes or to pay cash upon conversions of the Convertible Notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase Convertible Notes or Senior Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the applicable indenture or to pay any cash payable on future conversions of the Convertible Notes as required by the Convertible Notes indenture would constitute a default under the Convertible Notes indenture. A default under either indenture or the fundamental change or change of control itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our future indebtedness. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Convertible Notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof.

The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes is triggered, holders of Convertible Notes will be entitled to convert the Convertible Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Convertible Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Convertible Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.


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Our interest deductions attributable to the Convertible Notes may be deferred, limited or eliminated under certain conditions.

We believe that the Convertible Notes are subject to the IRS contingent payment debt instrument regulations. This conclusion is subject to complex factual and legal uncertainty and is not binding on the IRS or the courts. If the IRS takes a contrary position and a court sustains the IRS’ position, our tax deductions would be severely diminished with a resulting adverse effect on our cash flow and ability to service the Convertible Notes.

Risks Related To Our Industries

Our services may become subject to burdensome regulation, which could increase our costs or restrict our service offerings.
 
We believe that our cloud services are “information services” under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and related precedent, or, if not “information services,” that we are entitled to other exemptions, meaning that we are not currently subject to U.S. telecommunications services regulation at both the federal and state levels. In connection with our cloud services business, we utilize data transmissions over public telephone lines and other facilities provided by third-party carriers. These transmissions are subject to foreign and domestic laws and regulation by the Federal Communications Commission (the “FCC”), state public utility commissions and foreign governmental authorities. These regulations affect the availability of numbers, the prices we pay for transmission services, the administrative costs associated with providing our services, the competition we face from telecommunications service providers and other aspects of our market. However, as messaging and communications services converge and as the services we offer expand, we may become subject to FCC or other regulatory agency regulation. It is also possible that a federal or state regulatory agency could take the position that our offerings, or a subset of our offerings, are properly classified as telecommunications services or otherwise not entitled to certain exemptions upon which we currently rely. Such a finding could potentially subject us to fines, penalties or enforcement actions as well as liabilities for past regulatory fees and charges, retroactive contributions to various telecommunications-related funds, telecommunications-related taxes, penalties and interest. It is also possible that such a finding could subject us to additional regulatory obligations that could potentially require us either to modify our offerings in a costly manner, diminish our ability to retain customers, or discontinue certain offerings, in order to comply with certain regulations. Changes in the regulatory environment could decrease our revenues, increase our costs and restrict our service offerings. In many of our international locations, we are subject to regulation by the applicable governmental authority.
 
In the U.S., Congress, the FCC, and a number of states require regulated telecommunications carriers to contribute to federal and/or state Universal Service Funds (“USF”). Generally, USF is used to subsidize the cost of providing service to low-income customers and those living in high cost or rural areas. Congress, the FCC and a number of states are reviewing the manner in which a provider's contribution obligation is calculated, as well as the types of entities subject to USF contribution obligations. If any of these reforms are adopted, they could cause us to alter or eliminate our non-paid services and to raise the price of our paid services, which could cause us to lose customers. Any of these results could lead to a decrease in our revenues and net income and could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
 
 The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (the “TCPA”) and FCC rules implementing the TCPA, as amended by the Junk Fax Act, prohibit sending unsolicited facsimile advertisements to telephone fax machines. The FCC, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC"), or both may initiate enforcement action against companies that send “junk faxes” and individuals also may have a private cause of action. Although entities that merely transmit facsimile messages on behalf of others are not liable for compliance with the prohibition on faxing unsolicited advertisements, the exemption from liability does not apply to fax transmitters that have a high degree of involvement or actual notice of an illegal use and have failed to take steps to prevent such transmissions. We take significant steps to ensure that our services are not used to send unsolicited faxes on a large scale, and we do not believe that we have a high degree of involvement or notice of the use of our service to broadcast junk faxes. However, because fax transmitters do not enjoy an absolute exemption from liability under the TCPA and related FCC and FTC rules, we could face inquiries from the FCC and FTC or enforcement actions by these agencies, or private causes of action, if someone uses our service for such impermissible purposes. If this were to occur and we were to be held liable for someone's use of our service for transmitting unsolicited faxes, the financial penalties could cause a material adverse effect on our operations.
 
Also, in the U.S., the Communications Assistance to Law Enforcement Act (“CALEA”) requires telecommunications carriers to be capable of performing wiretaps and recording other call identifying information. In September 2005, the FCC released an order defining telecommunications carriers that are subject to CALEA obligations as facilities-based broadband Internet access providers and Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (“VoIP”) providers that interconnect with the public switched telephone network. As a result of this definition, we do not believe that j2 Global is subject to CALEA. However, if the category of service providers to which CALEA applies broadens to also include information services, that change may impact our operations.


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The FCC has adopted rules requiring certain providers, like us, to enable text-to-911 messages from our platform. We are in the process of implementing this solution. Emergency call centers will have the ability to request that we activate this functionality when such centers are capable of receiving these communications. We may be subject to fines, penalties or enforcement actions, at both the federal and state levels, if our service is found to be out of compliance or we may decide to discontinue the service offering. Additionally, providing such functionality may increase our costs of providing our text messaging service which may reduce our profits, or make our offering less competitive in the marketplace if we increase the price to subscribers and lead to less revenue if we lose subscribers due to price increases. We cannot predict the impact of these text-to-911 rules on our text messaging offering at this time.

 We are subject to a variety of new and existing laws and regulations which could subject us to claims, judgments, monetary liabilities and other remedies, and to limitations on our business practices.

The application of existing domestic and international laws and regulations to us relating to issues such as user privacy and data protection, security, defamation, pricing, advertising, taxation, promotions, billing, consumer protection, accessibility, content regulation, and intellectual property ownership and infringement in many instances is unclear or unsettled. In addition, we will also be subject to any new laws and regulations directly applicable to our domestic and international activities. Further, the application of existing laws to us or our subsidiaries regulating or requiring licenses for certain businesses of our advertisers including, for example, distribution of pharmaceuticals, alcohol, adult content, tobacco, or firearms, as well as insurance and securities brokerage, and legal services, can be unclear. Internationally, we may also be subject to laws regulating our activities in foreign countries and to foreign laws and regulations that are inconsistent from country to country. Our Digital Media segment utilizes contractors, freelancers and staff from third party outsourcers to provide content and other services. However, in the future, arrangements with such individuals may not be deemed appropriate by the relevant government authority, which could result in additional costs and expenses. We may incur substantial liabilities for expenses necessary to defend such litigation or to comply with these laws and regulations, as well as potential substantial penalties for any failure to comply. Compliance with these laws and regulations may also cause us to change or limit our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.

The use of consumer data by online service providers and advertising networks is a topic of active interest among federal, state, and international regulatory bodies, and the regulatory environment is unsettled and evolving. Federal, state, and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, disclosure, sharing and security of data that we receive from and about our users. Our privacy policies and practices concerning the collection, use, and disclosure of user data are posted on our websites.

A number of U.S. federal laws, including those referenced below, impact our business. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”) is intended, in part, to limit the liability of eligible online service providers for listing or linking to third-party Websites that include materials that infringe copyrights or other rights of others. Portions of the Communications Decency Act (“CDA”) are intended to provide statutory protections to online service providers who distribute third-party content. We rely on the protections provided by both the DMCA and the CDA in conducting our business. If these or other laws or judicial interpretations are changed to narrow their protections, or if international jurisdictions refuse to apply similar provisions in foreign lawsuits, we will be subject to greater risk of liability, our costs of compliance with these regulations or to defend litigation may increase, or our ability to operate certain lines of business may be limited. The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act is intended to impose restrictions on the ability of online services to collect some types of information from children under the age of 13. In addition, Providing Resources, Officers, and Technology to Eradicate Cyber Threats to Our Children Act of 2008 (“PROTECT Act”) requires online service providers to report evidence of violations of federal child pornography laws under certain circumstances. Other federal, state or international laws and legislative efforts designed to protect children on the Internet may impose additional requirements on us. U.S. export control laws and regulations impose requirements and restrictions on exports to certain nations and persons and on our business.

In certain instances, we may be subject to enhanced privacy obligations based on the type of information we store and process. For example, the Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act requires certain entities to comply with data privacy and security regulations when providing services to certain entities that collect particular kinds of information. While we believe we are in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations, we could be subject to enforcement actions, fines, forfeitures and other adverse actions.

The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (the “CAN-SPAM Act”), which allows for penalties that run into the millions of dollars, requires commercial emails to include identifying information from the sender and a mechanism for the receiver to opt out of receiving future emails. Several states have enacted additional, more restrictive and punitive laws regulating commercial email. Foreign legislation exists as well, including Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation (“CASL”) and the European laws that have been enacted pursuant to European Union Directive 2002/58/EC and its amendments. We believe that our email practices comply with the requirements of the CAN-SPAM Act, state laws, and applicable foreign

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legislation. If we were ever found to be in violation of these laws and regulations, or any other laws or regulations, our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
 
Many third parties are examining whether the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) concept of public accommodations also extends to the Internet as well. The Company is assessing the requirements of the ADA to determine what impact this could have on our websites. If the Internet is found to be a place of public accommodation and the ADA is found to apply, then any adjustments or requirements to implement any changes prescribed by the ADA could result in increased costs to our business.

Native advertising is an increasing part of our Digital Media segment’s online advertising revenue. On December 22, 2015 the FTC issued Guidelines and an Enforcement Policy Statement on native advertising, described by the FTC as, in part, ads which often ‘resemble the design, style, and functionality of the media in which they are disseminated’. The Company, as well as trade groups and our consultants, are assessing the requirements of these guidelines on our current practices and industry practices and what, if any, effect this could have on our native advertising business. In addition, the timing and extent of any enforcement by the FTC with regard to the native advertising practices by the Company, or others, could reduce the revenue we generate from this line of business.

For certain data transfers between the European Union (“EU”) and the U.S., j2, like many other companies, relies on what is referred to as the “EU-U.S. Safe Harbor,” in order to comply with privacy obligations imposed by EU countries. Recently, the European Court of Justice invalidated the EU-U.S. Safe Harbor. Subsequently, a group comprised of the majority of EU data protection regulators issued a statement that it would further consider the decision issued by the European Court of Justice and coordinate any potential enforcement actions after January 31, 2016. But some individual data protection regulators located in EU countries have threatened to begin enforcement actions independently of this larger representative group of such entities. Meantime, U.S. and EU policymakers continue efforts to create a different framework that would allow companies like us to continue to rely on some form of a safe harbor for the transfer of certain data from the EU to the U.S. Additionally, other countries that relied on the EU-U.S. Safe Harbor that were not part of the EU have also found that data transfers to the U.S. are no longer valid based on the European Court of Justice ruling. We cannot predict how or if this issue will be resolved nor can we evaluate any potential liability at this time.

The Company is working to put into place various alternative grounds on which to rely in order to be in compliance with relevant law for the transfer of data from overseas locations to the U.S. which have not been invalidated by the European Court of Justice. Some independent data regulators have adopted the position that other forms of compliance are also invalid though the legal grounds for these findings remain unclear at this time. We cannot predict at this time whether the alternative grounds that j2 continues to implement will be found to be consistent with relevant laws nor what any potential liability may be at this time.

Further, failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our policies, applicable requirements, or industry self-regulatory principles related to the collection, use, sharing or security of personal information, or other privacy, data-retention or data-protection matters could result in a loss of user confidence in us, damage to our brands, and ultimately in a loss of users and advertising partners, which could adversely affect our business. Changes in these or any other laws and regulations or the interpretation of them could increase our future compliance costs, make our products and services less attractive to our users, or cause us to change or limit our business practices. Further, any failure on our part to comply with any relevant laws or regulations may subject us to significant civil or criminal liabilities.

Government and private actions or self-regulatory developments regarding Internet privacy matters could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.

Our Digital Media business collects and sells data about its users’ online behavior and the revenue associated with this activity could be impacted by government regulation and enforcement, industry trends, self-regulation, technology changes, consumer behavior and attitude, and private action. We also use such information to work with our advertisers to more effectively target ads to relevant users and consumers, which ads command a higher rate.

The use of such consumer data by online service providers and advertising networks is a topic of active interest among federal, state, and international regulatory bodies, and the regulatory environment is unsettled. Federal, state, and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, retention, disclosure, sharing and security of data that we receive from and about our users. Our privacy policies and practices concerning the collection, use, and disclosure of user data are posted on our websites.


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New and expanding "Do Not Track" regulations have recently been enacted or proposed that protect users' right to choose whether or not to be tracked online. These regulations seek, among other things, to allow consumers to have greater control over the use of private information collected online, to forbid the collection or use of online information, to demand a business to comply with their choice to opt out of such collection or use, and to place limits upon the disclosure of information to third party websites. These laws and regulations could have a significant impact on the operation of our advertising and data businesses. U.S. regulatory agencies have also placed an increased focus on online privacy matters and, in particular, on online advertising activities that utilizes cookies or other tracking tools. Consumer and industry groups have expressed concerns about online data collection and use by companies, which has resulted in the release of various industry self-regulatory codes of conduct and best practice guidelines that are binding for member companies and that govern, among other things, the ways in which companies can collect, use and disclose user information, how companies must give notice of these practices and what choices companies must provide to consumers regarding these practices.
We may be required or otherwise choose to adopt Do Not Track mechanisms or self-regulation principles, in which case our ability to use our existing tracking technologies, to collect and sell user behavioral data, and permit their use by other third parties could be impaired. This could cause our net revenues to decline and adversely affect our operating results.
U.S. and foreign governments have enacted or considered or are considering legislation or regulations that could significantly restrict our ability to collect, augment, analyze, use and share anonymous data, which could increase our costs and reduce our revenue.  
The EU has traditionally imposed more strict obligations under data privacy laws and regulations. Individual EU member countries have had discretion with respect to their interpretation and implementation of EU data privacy laws, resulting in variation of privacy standards from country to country. Additionally, in December 2015, the European Commission announced significant reforms to its existing data protection legal framework that may result in a greater compliance burden with respect to our operations and data use in Europe.

Our business could suffer if providers of broadband Internet access services block, impair or degrade our services.
 
Our business is dependent on the ability of our cloud services customers and visitors to our digital media properties to access our services and applications over broadband Internet connections. In March, 2015, the FCC reclassified broadband Internet connections as Title II common carriers services and imposed network neutrality rules that would prevent network operators from discriminating against legal traffic that traverse their networks. Certain parties have appealed the FCC’s rules but most of the FCC rules are currently effective. While we have not encountered any material difficulties with regard to such access, increased network congestion in the future may result in broadband Internet access providers engaging in actions that would either reduce the quality of the services we provide today, or impede our ability to offer new services that use more bandwidth. The FCC’s network neutrality rules would ensure that cloud service providers, like us, would not be disparately impacted by network operators. We cannot predict the outcome of the pending appeal of the FCC’s network neutrality rules.

Congress could enact laws that are not as strong as the FCC’s and limit the FCC’s jurisdiction with respect to broadband service providers. To the extent network operators attempt to extract fees from us to deliver our traffic or otherwise engage in discriminatory practices, our business could be adversely impacted. We cannot forecast congressional action. As we continue to expand internationally, government regulation concerning the Internet, and in particular, network neutrality, may be nascent or non-existent. Within such a regulatory environment, coupled with potentially significant political and economic power of local network operators, we could experience discriminatory or anti-competitive practices that could impede our growth, cause us to incur additional expense or otherwise negatively affect our business.

Our cloud services business is dependent on a small number of telecommunications carriers in each region and our inability to maintain agreements at attractive rates with such carriers may negatively impact our business.
 
Our cloud services business substantially depends on the capacity, affordability, reliability and security of our network and services provided to us by our telecommunications suppliers. Only a small number of carriers in each region, and in some cases only one carrier, offer the number and network services we require. We purchase certain telecommunications services pursuant to short-term agreements that the providers can terminate or elect not to renew. As a result, any or all of our current carriers could discontinue providing us with service at rates acceptable to us, or at all, and we may not be able to obtain adequate replacements, which could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
  

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Our business could suffer if we cannot obtain or retain numbers, are prohibited from obtaining local numbers or are limited to distributing local numbers to only certain customers.
 
The future success of our number-based cloud services business depends on our ability to procure large quantities of local numbers in the U.S. and foreign countries in desirable locations at a reasonable cost and offer our services to our prospective customers without restrictions. Our ability to procure and distribute numbers depends on factors such as applicable regulations, the practices of telecommunications carriers that provide numbers, the cost of these numbers and the level of demand for new numbers. For example, several years ago the FCC conditionally granted petitions by Connecticut and California to adopt specialized “unified messaging” area codes, but neither state has adopted such a code. Adoption of a specialized area code within a state or nation could harm our ability to complete in that state or nation if materially affecting our ability to acquire numbers for our operations or making our services less attractive due to the unavailability of numbers with a local geographic area.
 
In addition, although we are the customer of record for all of our U.S. numbers, from time to time, certain U.S. telephone carriers inhibit our ability to port numbers or port our numbers away from us to other carriers. If a federal or regulatory agency determines that our customers should have the ability to port numbers without our consent, we may lose customers at a faster rate than what we have experienced historically, potentially resulting in lower revenues. Also, in some foreign jurisdictions, under certain circumstances, our customers are permitted to port their numbers to another carrier. These factors could lead to increased cancellations by our cloud services customers and loss of our number inventory. These factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results, cash flows and growth in or entry into foreign or domestic markets.
 
In addition, future growth in our number-based cloud services subscriber base, together with growth in the subscriber bases of other providers of number-based services, has increased and may continue to increase the demand for large quantities of numbers, which could lead to insufficient capacity and our inability to acquire sufficient numbers to accommodate our future growth.
 
We may be subject to increased rates for the telecommunications services we purchase from regulated carriers which could require us to either raise the retail prices of our offerings and lose customers or reduce our profit margins.
 
The FCC recently adopted wide-ranging reforms to the system under which regulated providers of telecommunications services compensate each other for the exchange of various kinds of traffic. While we are not a provider of regulated telecommunications services, we rely on such providers to offer our cloud services to our customers. As a result of the FCC's reforms, regulated providers of telecommunications services are determining how the rates they charge customers like us will change in order to comply with the new rules. It is possible that some or all of our underlying carriers will increase the rates we pay for certain telecommunications services. Should this occur, the costs we incur to provide number-based cloud services may increase which may require us to increase the retail price of our services. Increased prices could, in turn, cause us to lose customers, or, if we do not pass on such higher costs to our subscribers, our profit margins may decrease.
New technologies have been developed that are able to block certain of our advertisements or impair our ability to serve interest-based advertising which could harm our operating results.
Technologies have been developed and are likely to continue to be developed that can block Internet or mobile display advertising. Most of our Digital Media segment revenues are derived from fees paid by advertisers in connection with the display of advertisements or clicks on advertisements on web pages or mobile devices. As a result, such technologies and tools are reducing the number of display advertisements that we are able to deliver or our ability to serve our interest-based advertising and this, in turn, could reduce our advertising revenue and operating results. Adoption of these types of technologies by more of our users could have a material impact on our revenues. We have implemented third party products to combat these ad-blocking technologies and are developing other strategies to address advertisement blocking. However, our efforts may not be successful to offset the potential increasing impact of these advertising blocking products.
If we or our third-party service providers fail to prevent click fraud or choose to manage traffic quality in a way that advertisers find unsatisfactory, our profitability may decline.
A portion of our display revenue comes from advertisers that pay for advertising on a price-per-click basis, meaning that the advertisers pay a fee every time a user clicks on their advertising. This pricing model can be vulnerable to so-called “click fraud,” which occurs when clicks are submitted on ads by a user who is motivated by reasons other than genuine interest in the subject of the ad. We or our third-party service providers may be exposed to the risk of click fraud or other clicks or conversions that advertisers may perceive as undesirable. If fraudulent or other malicious activity is perpetrated by others and we or our third-

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party service providers are unable to detect and prevent it, or choose to manage traffic quality in a way that advertisers find unsatisfactory, the affected advertisers may experience or perceive a reduced return on their investment in our advertising programs which could lead the advertisers to become dissatisfied with our advertising programs and they might refuse to pay, demand refunds, or withdraw future business. Undetected click fraud could damage our brands and lead to a loss of advertisers and revenue.
If we are unable to continue to attract visitors to our websites from search engines, then consumer traffic to our websites could decrease, which could negatively impact the sales of our products and services, our advertising revenue and the number of purchases generated for our retailers through our Digital Media marketplace.
We generate consumer traffic to our websites using various methods, including search engine marketing, or SEM, search engine optimization, or SEO, email campaigns and social media referrals. Our net revenues and profitability levels are dependent upon our continued ability to use a combination of these methods to generate consumer traffic to our websites in a cost-efficient manner. We have experienced and continue to experience fluctuations in search result rankings for a number of our websites. There can be no assurances that we will be able to grow or maintain current levels of consumer traffic.
Our SEM and SEO techniques have been developed to work with existing search algorithms utilized by the major search engines. Major search engines frequently modify their search algorithms. Changes in these algorithms could cause our websites to receive less favorable placements, which could reduce the number of users who visit our websites. In addition, we use keyword advertising to improve our search ranking and to attract users to our sites. If we fail to follow legal requirements regarding the use of keywords or search engine guidelines and policies properly, search engines may rank our content lower in search results or could remove our content altogether from their indices.
Any decline in consumer traffic to our websites could adversely impact the amount of ads that are displayed and the number of purchases we generate for our retailers, which could adversely affect our net revenues. An attempt to replace this traffic through other channels may require us to increase our sales and marketing expenditures, which would adversely affect our operating results and which may not be offset by additional net revenues.

The industries in which we operate are undergoing rapid technological changes and we may not be able to keep up.
 
The industries in which we operate are subject to rapid and significant technological change. We cannot predict the effect of technological changes on our business. We expect that new services and technologies will emerge in the markets in which we compete. These new services and technologies may be superior to the services and technologies that we use or these new services may render our services and technologies obsolete. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to anticipate and adapt to technological changes and evolving industry standards. We may be unable to obtain access to new technologies on acceptable terms or at all, and may therefore be unable to offer services in a competitive manner. Any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.
 
Increased cost of email transmissions could have a material adverse effect on our business.
 
We rely on email for the delivery of certain cloud services. We also offer email security, encryption and archival services. If regulations or other changes in the industry lead to a charge associated with the sending or receiving of email messages, the cost of providing our services could increase and, if significant, could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Risks Related To Our Stock

The fundamental change purchase feature of the Convertible Notes and the change of control features of the Senior Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial attempt to take over our company.

The terms of the Convertible Notes require us to offer to purchase the Convertible Notes for cash in the event of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes), and the terms of the Senior Notes require our subsidiary, j2 Cloud Services, to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes for cash in the event of a change of control (as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes). These features may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of our company that would otherwise be beneficial to investors.


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Conversions of the Convertible Notes will dilute the ownership interest of our existing stockholders, including holders who had previously converted their Convertible Notes.

The conversion of some or all of the Convertible Notes will dilute the ownership interests of our existing stockholders. Any sales in the public market of our common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Convertible Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Convertible Notes could depress the price of our common stock.

We are a holding company and our operations are conducted through, and substantially all of our consolidated assets are held by, our subsidiaries, which are subject to certain restrictions on their ability to pay dividends to us to fund dividends on our stock, pay interest on the Convertible Notes and fund other holding company expenses.

We are a holding company. We conduct substantially all of our operations through our subsidiaries. A substantial portion of our consolidated assets is held by our subsidiaries. Accordingly, our ability to pay dividends on our stock, service our debt, including the Convertible Notes, and fund other holding company expenses depends on the results of operations of our subsidiaries and upon the ability of such subsidiaries to provide us with cash, whether in the form of dividends, loans or otherwise.

In addition, dividends, loans or other distributions to us from such subsidiaries are subject to contractual and other restrictions and are subject to other business considerations. j2 Cloud Services, which currently conducts all of our operations, is subject to restrictions on dividends in its existing indenture with respect to the Senior Notes. The Senior Notes indenture generally prohibits dividends except out of a basket of 50% of cumulative net income (as defined in the indenture) and proceeds from equity offerings, although it permits any dividends if j2 Cloud Services’ pro forma leverage ratio (as calculated as required by the indenture) is less than 1.75 to 1. While j2 Cloud Services is currently in compliance with such covenants, its ability to comply with such covenants is subject to conditions outside its control. If we cannot obtain cash from our subsidiaries, we may not be able to pay dividends on our stock, pay interest on the Convertible Notes and fund other operating company expenses without additional sources of cash.

Quarterly dividends may not continue, may not continue to grow or could decrease.

We may not continue to issue quarterly dividends or we could decrease the amount of any future dividends or cease to increase the amount of any future dividends. We paid our first quarterly dividend of $0.20 per share of common stock on September 19, 2011. We have declared increasing dividends in each subsequent quarter. Future dividends are subject to Board approval. We cannot assure that the Company will continue to pay a dividend in the future or the amount of any future dividends.

Future sales of our common stock may negatively affect our stock price.
 
As of February 23, 2016, substantially all of our outstanding shares of common stock were available for resale, subject to volume and manner of sale limitations applicable to affiliates under SEC Rule 144. Sales of a substantial number of shares of common stock in the public market or the perception of such sales could cause the market price of our common stock to decline. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a price that we think is appropriate, or at all.
 
Anti-takeover provisions could negatively impact our stockholders.
 
Provisions of Delaware law and of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire control of us. For example, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which would make it more difficult for another party to acquire us without the approval of our Board of Directors. Additionally, our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue preferred stock without requiring any stockholder approval, and preferred stock could be issued as a defensive measure in response to a takeover proposal. These provisions could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us even if an acquisition might be in the best interest of our stockholders.

Our stock price may be volatile or may decline.

Our stock price and trading volumes have been volatile and we expect that this volatility will continue in the future due to factors, such as:

•
Assessments of the size of our subscriber base and our average revenue per subscriber, and comparisons of our results in these and other areas versus prior performance and that of our competitors;
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Variations between our actual results and investor expectations;

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Regulatory or competitive developments affecting our markets;
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Investor perceptions of us and comparable public companies;
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Conditions and trends in the communications, messaging and Internet-related industries;
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Announcements of technological innovations and acquisitions;
•
Introduction of new services by us or our competitors;
•
Developments with respect to intellectual property rights;
•
Conditions and trends in the Internet and other technology industries;
•
Rumors, gossip or speculation published on public chat or bulletin boards;
•
General market conditions; and
•
Geopolitical events such as war, threat of war or terrorist actions.

In addition, the stock market has from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices for the common stocks of technology and other companies, particularly communications and Internet companies. These broad market fluctuations have previously resulted in a material decline in the market price of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a particular company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. We may become involved in this type of litigation in the future. Litigation is often expensive and diverts management's attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

As of December 31, 2015, we are leasing approximately 40,000 square feet of office space for our global headquarters in Los Angeles, California under a lease that expires on January 31, 2020. The Digital Media business is headquartered in New York City, where it leases approximately 43,000 square feet of office space under a lease that expires on May 31, 2019. Additionally, we have smaller leased office facilities in Arizona, California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Washington, Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

All of our network equipment is housed either at our leased properties or at one of our multiple co-location facilities around the world.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time-to-time, j2 Global and its affiliates are involved in litigation and other legal disputes or regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of business. Any claims or regulatory actions against j2 Global and its affiliates, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming and costly, and could divert significant operational resources. The outcome of such matters is subject to inherent uncertainties, carrying the potential for unfavorable rulings that could include monetary damages and injunctive relief.

On January 7, 2011, the Department of Revenue for the State of Washington (“Washington Department of Revenue”) issued assessments to a j2 Global affiliate for business and occupation tax and retail sales tax for the period of January 1, 2004 through September 30, 2010. On November 16, 2012, the Washington Department of Revenue denied the j2 Global affiliate’s petition for correction. The j2 Global affiliate paid the assessments and, on June 21, 2013, filed a complaint against the Washington Department of Revenue in the Superior Court of Washington for Thurston County (No. 13-2-01338-7). In that suit, the j2 Global affiliate is seeking a refund of the entire amount paid and a declaration that the Washington Department of Revenue improperly imposed the taxes. Discovery is ongoing.
On February 17, 2011, Emmanuel Pantelakis (“Pantelakis”) filed suit against a j2 Global affiliate in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (No. 11-50673), alleging that the j2 Global affiliate breached a contract relating to Pantelakis’s use of the Campaigner® service. The j2 Global affiliate filed a responsive pleading on March 23, 2011 and responses to undertakings on July 16, 2012. On November 6, 2012, Pantelakis filed a second amended statement of claim, reframing his lawsuit as a negligence action. The j2 Global affiliate filed an amended statement of defense on April 8, 2013. Discovery is ongoing.
On January 17, 2013, the Commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Revenue (“Commissioner”) issued a notice of assessment to a j2 Global affiliate for sales and use tax for the period of July 1, 2003 through December 31, 2011. On July 22, 2014, the Commissioner denied the j2 Global affiliate’s application for abatement. On September 18, 2014, the j2 Global affiliate

-26-


petitioned the Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board for abatement of the tax asserted in the notice of assessment (No. C325426). A trial was held on December 16, 2015. The Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board has not yet rendered its decision.
On January 18, 2013, Paldo Sign and Display Co. (“Paldo”) filed an amended complaint adding two j2 Global affiliates and a former employee as additional defendants in an existing purported class action pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (“Northern District of Illinois”) (No. 1:13-cv-01896). The amended complaint alleged violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”), the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act (“ICFA”), and common law conversion, arising from an indirect customer’s alleged use of the j2 Global affiliates’ systems to send unsolicited facsimile transmissions. On August 23, 2013, a second plaintiff, Sabon, Inc. (“Sabon”), was added. The j2 Global affiliates filed a motion to dismiss the ICFA and conversion claims, which was granted. The Northern District of Illinois also dismissed the former employee for lack of personal jurisdiction. Discovery closed on January 11, 2016. The parties are preparing dispositive motions.
On August 28, 2013, Phyllis A. Huster (“Huster”) filed suit in the Northern District of Illinois (No. 1:13-cv-06143) against two j2 Global affiliates and three other parties for correction of inventorship for nine j2 Global patents. Huster seeks, among other things, a declaration that she was an inventor of the patents-in-suit, an order directing the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to substitute or add her as an inventor, and payment of at least half of defendants’ earnings from licensing the patents-in-suit. On September 19, 2014, the Northern District of Illinois granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss for improper venue and transferred the case to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (No. 1:14-cv-03304). Huster filed an amended complaint on February 11, 2015, which she corrected on February 12, 2015. The corrected amended complaint added claims of fraudulent concealment, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, breach of contract, breach of a private duty, conversion, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On November 12, 2015, the Northern District of Georgia dismissed all claims against the j2 Global affiliates. On January 28, 2016, the remaining claims were dismissed on summary judgment and a judgment was entered in favor of the defendants.
On October 16, 2013, a j2 Global affiliate entered an appearance as a plaintiff in a multi-district litigation pending in the Northern District of Illinois (No. 1:12-cv-06286). In this litigation, Unified Messaging Solutions, LLC (“UMS”), a company with rights to assert certain patents owned by the j2 Global affiliate, has asserted five j2 Global patents against a number of defendants. While claims against some defendants have been settled, other defendants have filed counterclaims for, among other things, non-infringement, unenforceability, and invalidity of the patents-in-suit. On December 20, 2013, the Northern District of Illinois issued a claim construction opinion and, on June 13, 2014, entered a final judgment of non-infringement for the remaining defendants based on that claim construction. UMS and the j2 Global affiliate filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on June 27, 2014 (No. 14-1611). The appeal remains pending.
On June 23, 2014, Andre Free-Vychine (“Free-Vychine”) filed a purported class action against a j2 Global affiliate in the Superior Court for the State of California, County of Los Angeles (“Los Angeles Superior Court”) (No. BC549422). The complaint alleges two California statutory violations relating to late fees levied in certain eVoice® accounts. Free-Vychine is seeking, among other things, damages and injunctive relief on behalf of himself and a purported nationwide class of similarly situated persons. On August 26, 2014, Law Enforcement Officers, Inc. (“LEO”) and IV Pit Stop, Inc. (“IV Pit Stop”) filed a separate purported class action against the same j2 Global affiliate in Los Angeles Superior Court (No. BC555721). The complaint alleges three California statutory violations, negligence, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and various other common law claims relating to late fees levied on any of the j2 Global affiliate’s customers, including those with eVoice® and Onebox® accounts. The plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, damages and injunctive relief on behalf of themselves and a purported nationwide class of similarly situated persons. On September 29, 2014, the Los Angeles Superior Court ordered both cases related and consolidated for discovery purposes. On March 13, 2015, a third amended complaint was filed in this action, which no longer included IV Pit Stop as a plaintiff but added Christopher Dancel (“Dancel”) as a plaintiff. On or around June 26, 2015, the case filed by Free-Vychine was dismissed pursuant to a settlement agreement. On October 7, 2015, the parties reached a tentative class-based settlement that remains subject to court approval.
The Company has not accrued for any material loss contingencies relating to these legal proceedings because unfavorable outcomes are not considered probable by management.
j2 Global does not believe, based on current knowledge, that the foregoing legal proceedings or claims, after giving effect to existing reserves, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, depending on the amount and timing, an unfavorable resolution of some or all of these matters could have a material effect on j2 Global’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a particular period. The Company has not accrued for loss contingencies relating to these legal proceedings because unfavorable outcomes are not considered probable by management.

-27-



Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.


-28-


PART II


Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “JCOM”. The following table sets forth the high and low closing sale prices for our common stock for the periods indicated, as reported by the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
 
High
 
Low
Year ended December 31, 2015
 
 
 
      First Quarter
70.23
 
57.44
      Second Quarter
71.10
 
66.03
      Third Quarter
75.13
 
65.54
      Fourth Quarter
83.67
 
69.67
Year ended December 31, 2014
 
 
 
      First Quarter
51.67
 
43.04
      Second Quarter
51.14
 
43.67
      Third Quarter
53.76
 
47.50
      Fourth Quarter
63.62
 
48.72

Holders

We had 281 registered stockholders as of February 23, 2016. That number excludes the beneficial owners of shares held in “street” name or held through participants in depositories.

Dividends

We initiated a quarterly cash dividend program in August 2011 with a payment of $0.20 per share of common stock on September 19, 2011. We have paid an increasing quarterly cash dividend in each subsequent calendar quarter. The following is a summary of each dividend declared during fiscal year 2015 and 2014:
Declaration Date
 
Dividend per Common Share
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
February 11, 2014
 
$
0.2625

 
February 24, 2014
 
March 10, 2014
May 7, 2014
 
$
0.2700

 
May 19, 2014
 
June 3, 2014
August 5, 2014
 
$
0.2775

 
August 18, 2014
 
September 2, 2014
October 30, 2014
 
$
0.2850

 
November 17, 2014
 
December 4, 2014
February 10, 2015
 
$
0.2925

 
February 23, 2015
 
March 9, 2015
May 6, 2015
 
$
0.3000

 
May 19, 2015
 
June 3, 2015
August 3, 2015
 
$
0.3075

 
August 17, 2015
 
September 1, 2015
November 3, 2015
 
$
0.3150

 
November 17, 2015
 
December 3, 2015

On February 10, 2016, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.3250 per share of common stock payable on March 10, 2016 to all stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 23, 2016 (see Note 22 - Subsequent Events). Future dividends are subject to Board approval.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Not applicable.

-29-


Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
               
Effective February 15, 2012, the Company's Board of Directors approved a program authorizing the repurchase of up to five million shares of our common stock through February 20, 2013 (the "2012 Program"). On February 10, 2016, the Board of Directors extended the 2012 Program through February 20, 2017 (see Note 22 - Subsequent Events). Cumulatively at December 31, 2015, we repurchased 2.1 million shares under the 2012 Program at an aggregated cost of $58.6 million (including an immaterial amount of commission fees).

The following table details the repurchases that were made under and outside the 2012 Program during the three months ended December 31, 2015:
Period
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased (1)
 
Average Price
Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of a Publicly
Announced
Program
 
Maximum
Number of
Shares That
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Publicly
Announced
Program
October 1, 2015 - October 31, 2015
4,927

 
$
74.36

 
—

 
2,873,920

November 1, 2015 - November 30, 2015
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
2,873,920

December 1, 2015 - December 31, 2015
1,858

 
$
80.01

 
—

 
2,873,920

Total
6,785

 
 

 
—

 
2,873,920

(1)
Includes shares surrendered to the Company to pay the exercise price and/or to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with employee stock options and/or the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2015 regarding shares outstanding and available for issuance under j2 Global's existing equity compensation plans:
Plan Category
Number of
Securities
to be
Issued Upon
Exercise of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants
and Rights
(a)
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding
Options,
Warrants
and Rights
(b)
 
Number of
Securities
Remaining
Available
for Future
Issuance
Under Equity
Compensation
Plans
(Excluding
Securities
Reflected in
Column (a))
(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
566,428

 
$
29.74

 
5,662,812

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
—

 
—

 
—

      Total
566,428

 
$
29.74

 
5,662,812


The number of securities remaining available for future issuance includes 4,032,368 and 1,630,444 under our 2015 Stock Plan and 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively. Please refer to Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a description of these Plans as well as our Second Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan, which terminated in 2007, and our 2007 Stock Plan, which is scheduled to terminate on February 14, 2017.


-30-


Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of j2 Global under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return for j2 Global, the NASDAQ Computer Index and an index of companies that j2 Global has selected as its peer group in the cloud service for business space.

j2 Global's peer group index consists of Athenahealth, Inc., Constant Contact, Inc., LivePerson, Inc., LogMeIn, Inc., NetSuite Inc., Salesforce.com, Inc., and The Ultimate Software Group, Inc.

Measurement points are December 31, 2010 and the last trading day in each of j2 Global's fiscal quarters through the end of fiscal 2015. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2010 in j2 Global's common stock and in each of the indices, and assumes reinvestment of any dividends. The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

Measurement
 
NASDAQ
Peer
Date
j2 Global
Computer Index
Group Index
Dec-10
100.00
100.00
100.00
Mar-11
101.93
104.08
104.14
Jun-11
97.51
101.67
113.02
Sep-11
93.61
93.59
90.26
Dec-11
98.60
100.49
89.19
Mar-12
101.19
124.17
126.46
Jun-12
94.13
115.16
119.89
Sep-12
116.99
122.12
132.33
Dec-12
110.10
113.03
136.78
Mar-13
140.65
115.55
150.13
Jun-13
152.88
117.74
138.59
Sep-13
177.94
130.73
181.13
Dec-13
180.52
149.13
193.25
Mar-14
181.56
151.45
196.70
Jun-14
185.30
163.74
192.71
Sep-14
181.07
171.87
193.33
Dec-14
225.72
178.78
206.65
Mar-15
239.44
181.07
217.67
Jun-15
248.28
181.44
222.11
Sep-15
259.40
172.32
222.84
Dec-15
300.11
189.94
248.69


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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the related Notes contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the information contained herein in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(In thousands, except for share and per share amounts)
Statement of Income Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$
720,815

 
$
599,030

 
$
520,801

 
$
371,396

 
$
330,159

Cost of revenues
122,958

 
105,989

 
86,893

 
67,013

 
60,613

      Gross profit
597,857

 
493,041

 
433,908

 
304,383

 
269,546

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      Sales and marketing
159,009

 
141,967

 
131,317

 
62,825

 
59,066

      Research, development and engineering
34,329

 
30,680

 
25,485

 
18,624

 
16,373

      General and administrative
205,137

 
134,188

 
101,683

 
60,772

 
58,157

      Total operating expenses
398,475

 
306,835

 
258,485

 
142,221

 
133,596

Income from operations
199,382

 
186,206

 
175,423

 
162,162

 
135,950

      Interest expense (income), net
42,458

 
31,204

 
21,254

 
7,650

 
(629
)
      Other expense (income), net
5

 
(165
)
 
11,472

 
(410
)
 
(537
)
Income before income taxes
156,919

 
155,167

 
142,697

 
154,922

 
137,116

Income tax expense
23,283

 
29,840

 
35,175

 
33,259

 
22,350

Net income
$
133,636

 
$
125,327

 
$
107,522

 
$
121,663

 
$
114,766

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
—

 
83

 
—

Less extinguishment of Series A preferred stock
—

 
(991
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
$
133,636

 
$
124,336

 
$
107,522

 
$
121,580

 
$
114,766

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      Basic
$
2.76

 
$
2.60

 
$
2.31

 
$
2.63

 
$
2.46

      Diluted
$
2.73

 
$
2.58

 
$
2.28

 
$
2.61

 
$
2.43

Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      Basic
47,627,853

 
46,778,015

 
45,548,767

 
45,459,712

 
45,799,615

      Diluted
48,087,760

 
47,106,538

 
46,140,019

 
45,781,658

 
46,384,848

Cash dividends declared per common share
$
1.22

 
$
1.10

 
$
0.98

 
$
0.87

 
$
0.41

 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(In thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
255,530

 
$
433,663

 
$
207,801

 
$
218,680

 
$
139,359

Working capital
286,151

 
486,816

 
274,133

 
298,572

 
155,099

Total assets
1,792,868

 
1,705,202

 
1,153,789

 
995,170

 
651,171

Other long-term liabilities
18,228

 
22,416

 
1,458

 
1,557

 
2,342

Total stockholders' equity
$
890,208

 
$
820,235

 
$
706,418

 
$
594,595

 
$
554,375



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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
    
In addition to historical information, the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including but not limited to those discussed in Part I, Item 1A - “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Readers should carefully review the Risk Factors and the risk factors set forth in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC.

Overview

j2 Global, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“j2 Global”, "the Company", “our”, “us” or “we”), is a leading provider of Internet services. Through our Business Cloud Services Division, we provide cloud services to businesses of all sizes, from individuals to enterprises, and license our intellectual property ("IP") to third parties. In addition, the Business Cloud Services Division includes our j2 Cloud Connect business which primarily focused on our voice and fax products. Our Digital Media Division specializes in the technology and gaming markets, reaching in-market buyers and influencers in both the consumer and business-to-business space.
Our Business Cloud Services Division generates revenues primarily from customer subscription and usage fees and from IP licensing fees. Our Digital Media Division generates revenues primarily from advertising, performance marketing and licensing fees.

In addition to growing our business organically, on a regular basis, we acquire businesses to grow our customer bases, expand and diversify our service offerings, enhance our technology and acquire skilled personnel.  
Our consolidated revenues are currently generated from three basic business models, each with different financial profiles and variability. Our Business Cloud Services Division is driven primarily by subscription revenues that are relatively higher margin and stable and predictable from quarter-to-quarter with some seasonal weakness in the fourth quarter. The Business Cloud Services Division also includes the results of our IP licensing business, which can vary dramatically in both revenues and profitability from period-to-period. Our Digital Media Division is driven primarily by advertising revenues, has relatively higher sales and marketing expense and has seasonal strength in the fourth quarter. We continue to pursue additional acquisitions, which may include companies operating under business models that differ from those we operate under today. Such acquisitions could impact our consolidated profit margins and the variability of our revenues.
j2 Global was incorporated in 2014 as a Delaware corporation through the creation of a new holding company structure, and our Business Cloud Services segment, operated by our wholly-owned subsidiary, j2 Cloud Services, Inc, and its subsidiaries, was founded in 1995. We manage our operations through two business segments: Business Cloud Services and Digital Media. Information regarding revenue and operating income attributable to each of our reportable segments is included within Note 16 - Segment Information of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.

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Business Cloud Services Segment Performance Metrics

The following table sets forth certain key operating metrics for our Business Cloud Services segment as of or for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands, except for percentages):
  
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Subscriber revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed
$
414,919

 
$
348,340

 
$
296,457

Variable
83,804

 
76,392

 
74,631

Total subscriber revenues
498,723

 
424,732

 
371,088

Other license revenues
5,915

 
6,743

 
19,016

Total revenues
$
504,638

 
$
431,475

 
$
390,104

Percentage of total subscriber revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed
83.2
%
 
82.0
%
 
79.9
%
Variable
16.8
%
 
18.0
%
 
20.1
%
Total revenues:
 
 
 

 
 

Number-based
$
352,656

 
$
347,754

 
$
340,438

Non-number-based
151,982

 
83,721

 
49,666

Total revenues
$
504,638

 
$
431,475

 
$
390,104

 
 
 
 
 
 
Average monthly revenue per Cloud Business Customer (ARPU) (1)(2)
$
14.79

 
$
14.23

 
 
Cancel rate (3)
2.1
%
 
2.1
%
 
 

(1)
Quarterly ARPU is calculated using our standard convention of applying the average of the quarter's beginning and ending base to the total revenue for the quarter. We believe ARPU provides investors an understanding of the average monthly revenues we recognize associated with each Cloud Business Customer. As ARPU varies based on fixed subscription fee and variable usage components, we believe it can serve as a measure by which investors can evaluate trends in the types of services, levels of services and the usage levels of those services across our Cloud Business Customer base.
(2)
Cloud Business Customers is defined as paying direct inward dialing numbers for fax and voice services, and direct and resellers’ accounts for other services.
(3)
Cancel Rate is defined as cancels of small and medium business and individual Cloud Business Customers with greater than four months of continuous service (continuous service includes Cloud Business Customers administratively canceled and reactivated within the same calendar month), and enterprise Cloud Business Customers beginning with their first day of service. Calculated monthly and expressed as an average over the three months of the quarter.

Digital Media Segment Performance Metrics

The following table sets forth certain key operating metrics for our Digital Media segment for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in millions):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Visits
4,001

 
2,563

 
2,171

Page views
10,276

 
8,002

 
7,345

Sources: Google Analytics and Partner Platforms

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and operating results require us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and

-35-


accompanying notes. See Note 2, "Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K which describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions and may be material.

We believe that our most critical accounting policies are those related to revenue recognition, valuation and impairment of marketable securities, share-based compensation expense, long-lived and intangible asset impairment, contingent consideration, income taxes and contingencies and allowance for doubtful accounts. We consider these policies critical because they are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require management's most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with the Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.

Revenue Recognition

Business Cloud Services

The Company's Business Cloud Services revenues substantially consist of monthly fixed subscription and variable usage-based fees, which are primarily paid in advance by credit card. In accordance with GAAP, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been provided, the sales price is fixed and determinable and collection is probable. The Company defers the portions of monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annually recurring subscription and usage-based fees collected in advance and recognizes them in the period earned. Additionally, the Company defers and recognizes subscriber activation fees and related direct incremental costs over a subscriber's estimated useful life.

j2 Global's Business Cloud Services also include patent license revenues generated under license agreements that provide for the payment of contractually determined fully paid-up or royalty-bearing license fees to j2 Global in exchange for the grant of non-exclusive, retroactive and future licenses to our intellectual property, including patented technology. Patent revenues may also consist of revenues generated from the sale of patents. Patent license revenues are recognized when earned over the term of the license agreements. With regard to fully paid-up license arrangements, the Company recognizes as revenue in the period the license agreement is executed the portion of the payment attributable to past use of the intellectual property and amortizes the remaining portion of such payments on a straight-line basis, or pro-rata revenue basis, as appropriate over the life of the licensed patent(s). With regard to royalty-bearing license arrangements, the Company recognizes revenues of license fees earned during the applicable period. With regard to patent sales, the Company recognizes as revenue in the period of the sale the amount of the purchase price over the carrying value of the patent(s) sold.

The Business Cloud Services business also generates revenues by licensing certain technology to third parties. These licensing revenues are recognized when earned in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreement. Generally, revenue is recognized as the third party uses the licensed technology over the period.

Digital Media

The Company's Digital Media revenues primarily consist of revenues generated from the sale of advertising campaigns that are targeted to the Company's proprietary websites and to those websites operated by third parties that are part of the Digital Media business's advertising network. Revenues for these advertising campaigns are recognized as earned either when an ad is placed for viewing by a visitor to the appropriate web page or when the visitor "clicks through" on the ad, depending upon the terms with the individual advertiser.

Revenues for Digital Media business-to-business operations consist of lead-generation campaigns for IT vendors and are recognized as earned when the Company delivers the qualified leads to the customer.

j2 Global also generates Digital Media revenues through the license of certain assets to clients, for the clients' use in their own promotional materials or otherwise. Such assets may include logos, editorial reviews, or other copyrighted material. Revenues under such license agreements are recognized when the assets are delivered to the client. Also, Digital Media revenues are generated through the license of certain speed testing technology which is recognized when delivered to the client and through providing data services primarily to Internet Service Providers ("ISPs") and wireless carriers which is recognized as earned over the term of

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the access period. The Digital Media business also generates other types of revenues, including business listing fees, subscriptions to online publications, and from other sources. Such other revenues are recognized as earned.

The Company determines whether Digital Media revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis by assessing whether the Company is acting as the principal or an agent in the transaction. If the Company is acting as the principal in a transaction, the Company reports revenue on a gross basis. If the Company is acting as an agent in a transaction, the Company reports revenue on a net basis. In determining whether the Company acts as the principal or an agent, the Company follows the accounting guidance for principal-agent considerations and the Company places the most weight on three factors: whether or not the Company (i) is the primary obligor in the arrangement, (ii) has latitude in determining pricing and (iii) bears credit risk.

The Company records revenue on a gross basis with respect to revenue generated (i) by the Company serving online display and video advertising across its owned-and-operated web properties, on third party sites or on unaffiliated advertising networks, (ii) through the Company’s lead-generation business and (iii) through the Company’s  Digital Media licensing program. The Company records revenue on a net basis with respect to revenue paid to the Company by certain third-party advertising networks who serve online display and video advertising across the Company’s owned-and-operated web properties and certain third party sites.

Valuation and Impairment of Marketable Securities

We account for our investments in debt and equity securities in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC Topic No. 320, Investments - Debt and Equity Securities (“ASC 320”). ASC 320 requires that certain debt and equity securities be classified into one of three categories: trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity securities. Our investments are comprised primarily of readily marketable corporate and governmental debt securities, money-market accounts and time deposits. We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of acquisition and reevaluate such determination at each balance sheet date. Held-to-maturity securities are those investments that we have the ability and intent to hold until maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity until realized. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in interest and other income on our consolidated statement of income. All securities are accounted for on a specific identification basis. We assess whether an other-than-temporary impairment loss on an investment has occurred due to declines in fair value or other market conditions (see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K).

Share-Based Compensation Expense  

We comply with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic No. 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Accordingly, we measure share-based compensation expense at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognize the expense over the employee's requisite service period using the straight-line method. The measurement of share-based compensation expense is based on several criteria including, but not limited to, the valuation model used and associated input factors, such as expected term of the award, stock price volatility, risk free interest rate, dividend rate and award cancellation rate. These inputs are subjective and are determined using management's judgment. If differences arise between the assumptions used in determining share-based compensation expense and the actual factors, which become known over time, we may change the input factors used in determining future share-based compensation expense. Any such changes could materially impact our results of operations in the period in which the changes are made and in periods thereafter. We elected to adopt the alternative transition method for calculating the tax effects of share-based compensation.

Long-lived and Intangible Assets  

We account for long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic No. 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”), which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.

We assess the impairment of identifiable definite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important which could individually or in combination trigger an impairment review include the following:
 
.
significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;
 
.
significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business;

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.
significant negative industry or economic trends;
 
.
significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; and
 
.
our market capitalization relative to net book value.

If we determined that the carrying value of definite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators of impairment, we would record an impairment equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its estimated fair value.

We have assessed whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that potentially indicate the carrying value of definite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets may not be recoverable and noted no indicators of potential impairment for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets  

We evaluate our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment pursuant to FASB ASC Topic No. 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), which provides that goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but tested for impairment annually or more frequently if circumstances indicate potential impairment. In connection with the annual impairment test for goodwill, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If we determine that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then we perform the impairment test upon goodwill. The impairment test is comprised of two steps: (1) a reporting unit's fair value is compared to its carrying value; if the fair value is less than its carrying value, impairment is indicated; and (2) if impairment is indicated in the first step, it is measured by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill and intangible assets to their carrying value at the reporting unit level. In connection with the annual impairment test for intangible assets, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount, then we perform the impairment test upon intangible assets. We completed the required impairment review for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 and noted no impairment. Consequently, no impairment charges were recorded.

Contingent Consideration

Certain of our acquisition agreements include contingent earn-out arrangements, which are generally based on the achievement of future income thresholds. The contingent earn-out arrangements are based upon our valuations of the acquired companies and reduce the risk of overpaying for acquisitions if the projected financial results are not achieved.

The fair values of these earn-out arrangements are included as part of the purchase price of the acquired companies on their respective acquisition dates. For each transaction, we estimate the fair value of contingent earn-out payments as part of the initial purchase price and record the estimated fair value of contingent consideration as a liability on the consolidated balance sheets. We consider several factors when determining that contingent earn-out liabilities are part of the purchase price, including the following: (1) the valuation of our acquisitions is not supported solely by the initial consideration paid, and the contingent earn-out formula is a critical and material component of the valuation approach to determining the purchase price; and (2) the former shareholders of acquired companies that remain as key employees receive compensation other than contingent earn-out payments at a reasonable level compared with the compensation of our other key employees. The contingent earn-out payments are not affected by employment termination.

We measure our contingent earn-out liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy (See Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference). We may use various valuation techniques depending on the terms and conditions of the contingent consideration including a Monte-Carlo simulation. This simulation uses probability distribution for each significant input to produce hundreds or thousands of possible outcomes and the results are analyzed to determine probabilities of different outcomes occurring. Significant increases or decreases to these inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher or lower liability with a higher liability capped by the contractual maximum of the contingent earn-out obligation. Ultimately, the liability will be equivalent to the amount paid, and the difference between the fair value estimate and amount paid will be recorded in earnings. The amount paid that is less than or equal to the liability on the acquisition date is reflected as cash used in financing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Any amount paid in excess of the liability on the acquisition date is reflected as cash used in operating activities.

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We review and re-assess the estimated fair value of contingent consideration on a quarterly basis, and the updated fair value could differ materially from the initial estimates. Changes in the estimated fair value of our contingent earn-out liabilities related to the time component of the present value calculation are reported in interest expense. Adjustments to the estimated fair value related to changes in all other unobservable inputs are reported in operating income.

Income Taxes  

We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax basis of recorded assets and liabilities. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our valuation allowance is reviewed quarterly based upon the facts and circumstances known at the time. In assessing this valuation allowance, we review historical and future expected operating results and other factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are realizable.

Income Tax Contingencies 

We calculate current and deferred tax provisions based on estimates and assumptions that could differ from the actual results reflected in income tax returns filed during the following year. Adjustments based on filed returns are recorded when identified in the subsequent year.

ASC 740 provides guidance on the minimum threshold that an uncertain income tax position is required to meet before it can be recognized in the financial statements and applies to all tax positions taken by a company. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain income tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the income tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. If it is not more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on its technical merits, no benefit will be recorded. Uncertain income tax positions that relate only to timing of when an item is included on a tax return are considered to have met the recognition threshold. We recognize accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense on our consolidated statement of income. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate uncertain income tax positions and establish or release reserves as appropriate under GAAP.

As a multinational corporation, we are subject to taxation in many jurisdictions, and the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in various taxing jurisdictions. Our estimate of the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is subject to management's assessment of relevant risks, facts and circumstances existing at that time. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. or foreign taxes may be materially different from our estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially to reverse previously recorded tax liabilities. In addition, we may be subject to examination of our tax returns by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and other domestic and foreign tax authorities.

It is possible that one or more of these audits may conclude in the next 12 months and that the unrecognized tax benefits we have recorded in relation to these tax years may change compared to the liabilities recorded for the periods. However, it is not possible to estimate the amount, if any, of such change. We establish reserves for these tax contingencies when we believe that certain tax positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax positions are fully supportable. We adjust these reserves when changing events and circumstances arise.

Non-Income Tax Contingencies  

We are currently under audit by various state, local and foreign taxing authorities for direct and indirect non-income related taxes, including Canadian sales tax. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic No. 450, Contingencies (“ASC 450”) we make judgments regarding the future outcome of contingent events and record loss contingency amounts that are probable and reasonably estimable based upon available information.

As a provider of cloud services for business, we do not provide telecommunications services. Thus, we believe that our business and our users (by using our services) are generally not subject to various telecommunication taxes. Moreover, we generally do not believe that our business and our users (by using our services) are subject to other indirect taxes, such as sales and use tax,

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business tax and gross receipts tax. However, several state and municipal taxing authorities have challenged these beliefs and have and may continue to audit and assess our business and operations with respect to telecommunications and other indirect taxes.

On February 24, 2016, President Obama signed into law H.R. 644, the “Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015” which included a provision to permanently ban state and local authorities from imposing access or discriminatory taxes on the Internet. The new law allows “grandfathered” states and local authorities to continue their existing taxes on internet access through June 2020.
On February 27, 2013, the Office of Finance for the City of Los Angeles (the "Los Angeles Office of Finance") issued us assessments for business and communications taxes for the period of January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2012. On September 11, 2014, the Los Angeles Office of Finance issued us revised assessments increasing our liability to the City of Los Angeles. On April 30, 2015, the Los Angeles Office of Finance Board of Review denied our request to abate the assessments. We paid the assessments and requested the abatement of associated penalties. In addition, we are currently working with the Office of the City Attorney of the City of Los Angeles to obtain a refund of the entire amount paid. For other jurisdictions, we currently have no reserves established for these matters, as we have determined that the liability is not probable and estimable. However, it is reasonably possible that such a liability could be incurred, which would result in additional expense, which could materially impact our financial results.

Allowances for Doubtful Accounts  

We reserve for receivables we may not be able to collect. These reserves are typically driven by the volume of credit card declines and past due invoices and are based on historical experience as well as an evaluation of current market conditions. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the adequacy of these reserves.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements and our expectations of their impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Results of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013

Business Cloud Services Segment

Assuming a stable or improving economic environment, and, subject to our risk factors, we expect the revenue and profits as included in the results of operations below in our Business Cloud Services segment to be stable for the foreseeable future (excluding the impact of acquisitions). The main focus of our Business Cloud Services offerings is to reduce or eliminate costs, increase sales and enhance productivity, mobility, business continuity and security of our customers as the technologies and devices they use evolve over time. As a result, we expect to continue to take steps to enhance our existing offerings and offer new services to continue to satisfy the evolving needs of our customers. Through our IP licensing operations, which are included in the Business Cloud Services segment, we seek to make our IP available for license to third parties, and we expect to continue to attempt to obtain additional IP through a combination of acquisitions and internal development in an effort to increase available licensing opportunities and related revenues.

We expect acquisitions to remain an important component of our strategy and use of capital in this segment; however, we cannot predict whether our current pace of acquisitions will remain the same within this segment. In a given period, we may close greater or fewer acquisitions than in prior periods. Moreover, future acquisitions of businesses within this segment but with different business models may impact the segment's overall profit margins. Also, as IP licensing often involves litigation, the timing of licensing transactions is unpredictable and can and does vary significantly from period-to-period. This variability can cause the overall segment's financial results to materially vary from period-to-period.

Digital Media Segment

Assuming a stable or improving economic environment, and, subject to our risk factors, we expect the revenue and profits in our Digital Media segment to improve over the next several quarters as we integrate our recent acquisitions and over the longer

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term as advertising transactions continue to shift from offline to online. The main focus of our advertising programs is to provide relevant and useful advertising to visitors to our websites and those included within our advertising networks, reflecting our commitment to constantly improve their overall web experience. As a result, we expect to continue to take steps to improve the relevance of the ads displayed on our websites and those included within our advertising networks.

The operating margin we realize on revenues generated from ads placed on our websites is significantly higher than the operating margin we realize from revenues generated from those placed on third-party websites. Growth in advertising revenues from our websites has generally exceeded that from third-party websites. This trend has had a positive impact on our operating margins, and we expect that this will continue for the foreseeable future. However, the trend in advertising spend is shifting to mobile devices and other newer advertising formats which generally experience lower margins than those from desktop computers and tablets. We expect this trend to continue to put pressure on our margins.

We expect acquisitions to remain an important component of our strategy and use of capital in this segment; however, we cannot predict whether our current pace of acquisitions will remain the same within this segment. In a given period, we may close greater or fewer acquisitions than in prior periods. Moreover, future acquisitions of businesses within this segment but with different business models may impact the segment's overall profit margins.

j2 Global Consolidated

We anticipate that the stable revenue trend in our Business Cloud Services segment combined with the improving revenue and profits in our Digital Media segment will result in overall improved revenue and profits for j2 Global on a consolidated basis, excluding the impact of any future acquisitions and revenues associated with licensing our IP which can vary dramatically from period-to-period.

We expect operating profit as a percentage of revenues to generally stabilize in the future despite the growth in our less profitable Digital Media segment and the expected increasing pressure on margins as described above to grow at a faster rate than our more profitable Businesses Cloud Services segment; however, such pressure of margins is partially offset by increased economies of scale within the Digital Media segment.

The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, information derived from our statements of income as a percentage of revenues. This information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying financial statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues
100%
 
100%
 
100%
Cost of revenues
17
 
18
 
17
       Gross profit
83
 
82
 
83
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
       Sales and marketing
22
 
24
 
25
       Research, development and engineering
5
 
5
 
5
       General and administrative
28
 
22
 
20
       Total operating expenses
55
 
51
 
50
Income from operations
28
 
31
 
34
Interest expense (income), net
6
 
5
 
4
Other expense (income), net
—
 
—
 
2
Income before income taxes
22
 
26
 
28
Income tax expense
3
 
5
 
7
Net income
19%
 
21%
 
21%
Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
—
 
—
 
—
Less extinguishment of Series A preferred stock
—
 
—
 
—
Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
19%
 
21%
 
21%

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Revenues
  
(in thousands, except percentages)
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Percentage Change 2015 versus 2014
 
Percentage Change 2014 versus 2013
Revenues
$
720,815

 
$
599,030

 
$
520,801

 
20%
 
15%

Our revenues consist of revenues from our Business Cloud Services segment and from our Digital Media segment. Business Cloud Services revenues primarily consist of revenues from “fixed” customer subscription revenues and “variable” revenues generated from actual usage of our services. We also generate Business Cloud Services revenues from IP licensing. Digital Media revenues primarily consist of advertising revenues, fees paid for generating business leads, and licensing and sale of editorial content and trademarks.

Our revenues have increased over the past three years primarily due to the following factors:

•
Acquisitions within our Digital Media properties, plus organic growth in that segment;
•
Acquisitions within our Business Cloud Services segment, plus organic growth in that segment.

Cost of Revenues
(in thousands, except percentages)
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Percentage Change 2015 versus 2014
 
Percentage Change 2014 versus 2013
Cost of revenue
$
122,958

 
$
105,989

 
$
86,893

 
16%
 
22%
As a percent of revenue
17%
 
18%
 
17%
 
 
 


Cost of revenues is primarily comprised of costs associated with data and voice transmission, numbers, network operations, customer service, editorial and production costs, online processing fees and equipment depreciation. The increase in cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily due to an increase in costs associated with businesses acquired in and subsequent to fiscal 2014 that resulted in additional license costs, network operations, customer service, editorial and production costs and depreciation. The increase in cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014 was primarily due to an increase in costs associated with businesses acquired in and subsequent to fiscal 2013 that resulted in additional network operations, customer service, editorial and production costs, depreciation, customer service and processing fees.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing.
 
(in thousands, except percentages)
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Percentage Change 2015 versus 2014
 
Percentage Change 2014 versus 2013
Sales and Marketing
$
159,009

 
$
141,967

 
$
131,317

 
12%
 
8%
As a percent of revenue
22%
 
24%
 
25%
 
 
 

 
Our sales and marketing costs consist primarily of Internet-based advertising, sales and marketing, personnel costs and other business development-related expenses. Our Internet-based advertising relationships consist primarily of fixed cost and performance-based (cost-per-impression, cost-per-click and cost-per-acquisition) advertising relationships with an array of online service providers. Advertising cost for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $63.5 million, $60.5 million and $55.4 million, respectively.  The increase in sales and marketing expenses from 2014 to 2015 and from 2013 to 2014 was primarily due to increased personnel costs and advertising associated with businesses acquired within the Business Cloud Services and Digital Media segments.


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Research, Development and Engineering.
(in thousands, except percentages)
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Percentage Change 2015 versus 2014
 
Percentage Change 2014 versus 2013
Research, Development and Engineering
$
34,329

 
$
30,680

 
$
25,485

 
12%
 
20%
As a percent of revenue
5%
 
5%
 
5%
 
 
 


Our research, development and engineering costs consist primarily of personnel-related expenses. The increase in research, development and engineering costs from 2014 to 2015 and 2013 to 2014 was primarily due to an an increase in personnel costs associated with acquisitions within the Business Cloud Service and Digital Media segments and additional expenses for professional services.
 
General and Administrative.
(in thousands, except percentages)
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Percentage Change 2015 versus 2014
 
Percentage Change 2014 versus 2013
General and Administrative
$
205,137

 
$
134,188

 
$
101,683

 
53%
 
32%
As a percent of revenue
28%
 
22%
 
20%
 
 
 


Our general and administrative costs consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, depreciation and amortization, changes in the fair value associated with contingent consideration, share-based compensation expense, bad debt expense, professional fees, severance and insurance costs. The increase in general and administrative expense from 2014 to 2015 was primarily due to an increase in amortization of intangible assets, an increase in the fair value associated with contingent consideration of certain acquisitions within the Digital Media segment, personnel costs relating to acquisitions closed during 2014 and 2015, and bad debt expense. The increase in general and administrative expense from 2013 to 2014 was primarily due to an increase in amortization of intangible assets, personnel costs relating to acquisitions closed during 2013 and 2014, additional professional fees and bad debt expense.

Share-Based Compensation

The following table represents share-based compensation expense included in cost of revenues and operating expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Cost of revenues
$
373

 
$
345

 
$
756

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
      Sales and marketing
2,435

 
1,944

 
1,855

      Research, development and engineering
863

 
721

 
434

      General and administrative
8,122

 
5,898

 
6,675

Total
$
11,793

 
$
8,908

 
$
9,720



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Non-Operating Income and Expenses

Interest expense, net. Our interest expense, net is generated primarily from interest expense due to outstanding debt and the recognition of the interest portion of a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.6 million in connection with the December 31, 2013 reorganization of Ziff Davis, Inc. into Ziff Davis, LLC and the Company's acquisition of all of the minority holders' equity interests in Ziff Davis, Inc., and interest earned on cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments. Interest expense, net was $42.5 million, $31.2 million, and $21.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The increase from 2014 to 2015 and 2013 to 2014 was primarily due to additional interest expense following the June 2014 issuance of the Convertible Notes.

Other expense (income), net. Our other expense (income), net is generated primarily from miscellaneous items, gain or losses on currency exchange and the sale of investments. Other expense (income), net was $0.0 million, $(0.2) million, and $11.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The decrease from 2014 to 2015 is primarily due to lower miscellaneous income. The decrease from 2013 to 2014 is primarily due to the recognition of the other expense portion of a loss on extinguishment of debt of $12.9 million in connection with the December 31, 2013 reorganization of Ziff Davis, Inc. into Ziff Davis, LLC and the Company's acquisition of all of the minority holders' equity interests in Ziff Davis, Inc.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate is based on pre-tax income, statutory tax rates, tax regulations (including those related to transfer pricing) and different tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. The tax bases of our assets and liabilities reflect our best estimate of the tax benefits and costs we expect to realize. When necessary, we establish valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that will more likely than not be realized. 

As of December 31, 2015, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of $17.4 million after considering substantial restrictions on the utilization of these NOLs due to “ownership changes”, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”). We estimate that all of the above-mentioned federal NOLs will be available for use before their expiration. These NOLs expire through the year 2031. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company has foreign tax credits of $14.0 million and $11.1 million, respectively. The Company has provided a valuation allowance on the foreign tax credits of $14.0 million and $11.1 million, respectively, as the weight of available evidence does not support full utilization of these credits. The foreign tax credits expire through the year 2025. In addition, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had available unrecognized state research and development tax credits of $3.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, which last indefinitely. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we also had state enterprise zone tax credits of $0.6 and $0.9 million, respectively. The state enterprise zone credits expire through the year 2025. We estimate that all of the state enterprise zone credits will be available for use before their expiration.

Income tax expense amounted to $23.3 million, $29.8 million and $35.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our effective tax rates for 2015, 2014 and 2013 were 15%, 19% and 25%, respectively.

The decrease in our annual effective income tax rate from 2014 to 2015 was primarily attributable to the following:

1.
the reversal of uncertain income tax positions during 2015;
2.
an increase during 2015 in the portion of our income being taxed in foreign jurisdictions and subject to lower tax rates than in the U.S.; partially offset by:
3.
an increase during 2015 in the valuation allowance for foreign tax credit carryforwards
    
The decrease in our annual effective income tax rate from 2013 to 2014 was primarily attributable to the following:

1.
a reversal of uncertain income tax positions during 2014;
2.
a decrease during 2014 in reorganization costs not deductible for tax purposes; partially offset by:
3.
a decrease during 2014 in the portion of our income being taxed in foreign jurisdictions and subject to lower tax rates than in the U.S.
In order to provide additional understanding in connection with our foreign taxes, the following represents the statutory and effective tax rate by significant foreign country:

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Ireland
 
United Kingdom
 
Canada
Statutory tax rate
 
12.50%
 
20.25%
 
26.50%
Effective tax rate (1)
 
12.53%
 
20.34%
 
26.51%
(1) Effective tax rate excludes certain discrete items.

The statutory tax rate is the rate imposed on taxable income for corporations by the local government in that jurisdiction.  The effective tax rate measures the taxes paid as a percentage of pretax profit.  The effective tax rate can differ from the statutory tax rate when a company can exempt some income from tax, claim tax credits, or due to the effect of book-tax differences that do not reverse and discreet items.

Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and in evaluating our tax positions on a worldwide basis. We believe our tax positions, including intercompany transfer pricing policies, are consistent with the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. Certain of these tax positions have in the past been, and are currently being, challenged, and this may have a significant impact on our effective tax rate if our tax reserves are insufficient.

Segment Results
Our business segments are based on the organization structure used by management for making operating and investment decisions and for assessing performance. Our reportable business segments are: (i) Business Cloud Services; and (ii) Digital Media.
We evaluate the performance of our operating segments based on segment revenues, including both external and intersegment net sales, and segment operating income. We account for intersegment sales and transfers based primarily on standard costs with reasonable mark-ups established between the segments. Identifiable assets by segment are those assets used in the respective reportable segment's operations. Corporate assets consist of cash and cash equivalents, deferred income taxes and certain other assets. All significant intersegment amounts are eliminated to arrive at our consolidated financial results.

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Revenues
The following table presents our revenues by source as a percentage of total revenues for fiscal years 2015, 2014 and 2013:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Business Cloud Services revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
Fax and Voice
49.1
%
 
58.3
%
 
65.8
%
Other
20.9
%
 
13.7
%
 
9.1
%
Total Business Cloud Services revenues:
70.0
%
 
72.0
%
 
74.9
%
Digital Media revenues:

 

 

Media
30.0
%
 
28.0
%
 
25.1
%
Elimination of inter-segment revenues
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
Total revenues
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
Business Cloud Services
The following segment results are presented for fiscal year 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
External net sales
$
504,638

 
100.0
%
 
$
431,475

 
100.0
%
 
$
390,104

 
100.0
%
Inter-segment net sales
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Segment net sales
504,638

 
100.0

 
431,475

 
100.0

 
390,104

 
100.0

Cost of revenues
101,209

 
20.1

 
86,962

 
20.2

 
69,911

 
17.9

Gross profit
403,429

 
79.9

 
344,513

 
79.8

 
320,193

 
82.1

Operating expenses
193,227

 
38.3

 
154,630

 
35.8

 
121,258

 
31.1

Segment operating income
$
210,202

 
41.7
%
 
$
189,883

 
44.0
%
 
$
198,935

 
51.0
%
Segment net sales of $504.6 million in 2015 increased $73.2 million, or 17.0%, from the prior comparable period primarily due to business acquisitions. Segment net sales of $431.5 million in 2014 increased $41.4 million, or 10.6%, from the prior comparable period primarily due to business acquisitions, partially offset by a decrease in patent and technology related licensing revenues associated with a $27 million license agreement of which $12.6 million from past damages was recognized in 2013.
Segment gross profit of $403.4 million in 2015 increased $58.9 million from 2014 and segment gross profit of $344.5 million in 2014 increased $24.3 million from 2013 primarily due to an increase in net sales between the periods. The gross profit as a percentage of revenues for 2015 was comparable to the previous comparable period. The gross profit as a percentage of revenues for 2014 decreased from the prior comparable period primarily due to acquisitions during the fiscal year which increased network operation costs and depreciation. In addition, acquisitions historically have lower initial profitability than our existing business until synergies with respect to those acquisitions are realized in future periods.
Segment operating expenses of $193.2 million in 2015 increased $38.6 million from 2014 primarily due to (a) additional depreciation and amortization and an increase in sales and marketing costs primarily due to additional advertising and personnel costs associated with businesses acquired in and subsequent to 2014; and (b) additional bad debts. Segment operating expenses of $154.6 million in 2014 increased $33.4 million from 2013 primarily due to (a) additional depreciation and amortization and an increase in sales and marketing costs primarily due to additional advertising and personnel costs associated with businesses acquired in and subsequent to 2013; and (b) additional bad debts and professional fees.
As a result of these factors, segment operating earnings of $210.2 million in 2015 increased $20.3 million, or 10.7%, from 2014. As a result of these factors, segment operating earnings of $189.9 million in 2014 decreased $(9.1) million, or (4.6)%, from 2013.

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Digital Media
The following segment results are presented for fiscal year 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
External net sales
$
216,177

 
99.9
%
 
$
167,555

 
99.8
%
 
$
130,697

 
99.7
%
Inter-segment net sales
197

 
0.1

 
259

 
0.2

 
449

 
0.3

Segment net sales
216,374

 
100.0

 
167,814

 
100.0

 
131,146

 
100.0

Cost of revenues
21,749

 
10.1

 
19,028

 
11.3

 
16,982

 
12.9

Gross profit
194,625

 
89.9

 
148,786

 
88.7

 
114,164

 
87.1

Operating expenses
164,188

 
75.9

 
118,293

 
70.5

 
107,431

 
81.9

Segment operating income
$
30,437

 
14.1
%
 
$
30,493

 
18.2
%
 
$
6,733

 
5.1
%

Segment net sales of $216.4 million in 2015 increased $48.6 million, or 28.9%, and segment net sales of $167.8 million increased $36.7 million, or 28.0% from the prior comparable period primarily due to business acquisitions subsequent to the prior comparable period.

Segment gross profit of $194.6 million in 2015 increased $45.8 million and segment gross profit of $148.8 million in 2014 increased $34.6 million from the prior comparable period primarily due to an increase in net sales between the periods. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues in 2015 and 2014 was consistent with the prior comparable periods.

Segment operating expenses of $164.2 million in 2015 increased $45.9 million from the prior comparable period primarily due to increased amortization of intangible assets associated with business acquisitions subsequent to the prior comparable period and an increase in the fair value associated with contingent consideration of certain acquisitions. Segment operating expenses of $118.3 million in 2014 increased $10.9 million from the prior comparable period primarily due to business acquisitions subsequent to the prior comparable period, partially offset by reduced operating costs as the Digital Media segment leverages its scale and completes the integration process of prior acquisitions.

As a result of these factors, segment operating income of $30.4 million in 2015 decreased $(0.1) million, or (0.2)%, from 2014. As a result of these factors, segment operating income of $30.5 million in 2014 increased $23.8 million, or 352.9%, from 2013.

-47-



Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Investments

At December 31, 2015, we had cash and investments of $413.7 million compared to $590.4 million at December 31, 2014. The decrease in cash and investments resulted primarily from business acquisitions, dividends, business taxes, and repurchase of stock, partially offset by cash provided by operations and the exercise of stock options. At December 31, 2015, cash and investments consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $255.5 million, short-term investments of $79.7 million and long-term investments of $78.6 million. Our investments are comprised primarily of readily marketable corporate and governmental debt securities, money-market accounts, equity securities and time deposits. For financial statement presentation, we classify our investments primarily as available-for-sale; thus, they are reported as short- and long-term based upon their maturity dates. Short-term investments mature within one year of the date of the financial statements and long-term investments mature one year or more from the date of the financial statements. Short-term investments include restricted balances which the Company may not liquidate until maturity, generally within 12 months. Restricted balances included in short-term investments were $0.1 million at December 31, 2015. We retain a substantial portion of our cash and investments in foreign jurisdictions for future reinvestment. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, cash and investments held within foreign and domestic jurisdictions were $165.7 million and $248.0 million and $138.3 million and $452.1 million, respectively. If we were to repatriate funds held within foreign jurisdictions, we would incur U.S. income tax on the repatriated amount at the federal statutory rate of 35% and the state statutory rate where applicable, net of a credit for foreign taxes paid on such amounts.
 
The Company's Board of Directors approved four quarterly cash dividends during the year ended December 31, 2015, totaling $1.2150 per share of common stock. On February 10, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.3250 per share of common stock payable on March 10, 2016 to all stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 23, 2016. Future dividends are subject to Board approval.

In July 2012, the Company completed the sale in a private offering of $250 million in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes. The net proceeds of the sale were $243.7 million after deducting the initial purchaser's discounts, commissions and expenses of the offering. The Company is using the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. In June 2014, the Company issued Convertible Notes of $402.5 million in aggregate principal and received net proceeds of $391.4 million in cash, net of initial underwriter's discounts and commissions. The net proceeds are available for general corporate purposes, which may include working capital, acquisitions, retirement of debt and other business opportunities.

We currently anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment balances and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated needs for working capital, capital expenditure, investment requirements, stock repurchases and cash dividends for at least the next 12 months.

Cash Flows

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows generated from operations, together with cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. Net cash provided by operating activities was $229.1 million, $177.2 million, and $193.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Our operating cash flows resulted primarily from cash received from our customers offset by cash payments we made to third parties for their services, employee compensation and interest payments associated with our debt. The increase in our net cash provided by operating activities in 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily attributable to an increase in depreciation and amortization, additional amortization of financing costs and discounts, share-based compensation, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expense balances and long-term liabilities; partially offset by a decrease in the income tax payable and deferred income tax balances. The decrease in our net cash provided by operating activities in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily attributable to an increase in billings associated with the Digital Media segment which historically has a collection cycle longer than our Business Cloud segment. Certain tax payments are prepaid during the year and included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. Our prepaid tax payments were $11.6 million and $5.8 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments were $335.2 million, $529.9 million and $298.6 million at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net cash used in investing activities was $(335.7) million, $(275.5) million and $(167.4) million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities in 2015 was primarily attributable to business acquisitions, purchase of available-for-sale investments, purchases of property and equipment and investments in intangible assets, partially offset by the sale of available-for-sale investments and maturity of certificates of deposit. Net cash used in investing activities in 2014 was primarily attributable to business acquisitions, purchase of available-for-sale investments, purchases of

-48-


property and equipment and investments in intangible assets, partially offset by the sale of available-for-sale investments and maturity of certificates of deposit. Net cash used in investing activities in 2013 was primarily attributable to business acquisitions, purchase of available-for-sale investments and certificates of deposit, purchases of property and equipment and investments in intangible assets, partially offset by the sale of available-for-sale investments and maturity of certificates of deposit.

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities was $(67.4) million, $327.5 million and $(35.7) million for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Net cash used in financing activities in 2015 was primarily attributable to dividends paid, deferred payments for acquisitions and the repurchase of stock, partially offset by the exercise of stock options and excess tax benefit from share-based compensation. Net cash provided by financing activities in 2014 was primarily attributable to the proceeds from the sale of the Convertible Notes, proceeds from the exercise of stock options and excess tax benefit from share-based compensation, partially offset by dividends paid, deferred payments for acquisitions and the repurchase of stock. Net cash used in financing activities in 2013 was primarily attributable to dividends paid and the repurchase of stock, partially offset by the exercise of stock options and excess tax benefit from share-based compensation.

Stock Repurchase Program

Effective February 15, 2012, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to five million shares of our common stock through February 20, 2013 (see Note 22 - Subsequent Events for discussion regarding the extension of the share repurchase program to February 20, 2017).

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2015:
 
 
 
Payment Due by Period (in thousands)
Contractual Obligations
 
1 Year
 
2-3 Years
 
4-5 Years
 
More than 5 Years
 
Total
Long-term debt - principal (a)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
250,000

 
$
402,500

 
$
652,500

Long-term debt - interest (b)
 
33,081

 
66,163

 
65,885

 
6,541

 
171,670

Operating leases (c)
 
10,033

 
18,926

 
12,342

 
12,962

 
54,263

Capital leases (d)
 
140

 
44

 
7

 
—

 
191

Telecom services and co-location facilities (e)
 
2,383

 
1,877

 
81

 
—

 
4,341

Holdback payment (f)
 
23,176

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
23,176

Contingent consideration (g)
 
20,000

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
20,000

Other (h)
 
793

 
40

 
—

 
—

 
833

Total 
 
$
89,606

 
$
87,050

 
$
328,315

 
$
422,003

 
$
926,974

________________________
 
(a)
These amounts represent principal on long-term debt.
(b)
These amounts represent interest on long-term debt.
(c)
These amounts represent undiscounted future minimum rental commitments under noncancellable operating leases.
(d)
These amounts represent undiscounted future minimum rental commitments under noncancellable capital leases.
(e)
These amounts represent service commitments to various telecommunication providers.
(f)
These amounts represent the holdback amounts in connection with certain business acquisitions.
(g)
These amounts represent the contingent earn-out liabilities in connection with certain business acquisitions.
(h)
These amounts primarily represent certain consulting and Board of Director fee arrangements, software license commitments and others.

As of December 31, 2015, our liability for uncertain tax positions was $35.9 million. The future payments related to uncertain tax positions have not been presented in the table above due to the uncertainty of the amounts and timing of cash settlement with the taxing authorities. In addition, with the acquisition of Ookla, acquired on December 1, 2014 (see Note 3 - Business Acquisitions), contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $40.0 million may be payable upon achieving certain future income thresholds and was determined to have a fair value of $25.0 million as of December 31, 2015. Due to the Company achieving certain earnings targets for the year ended December 31, 2015, $20.0 million has been reclassified to current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet payable in 2016 and has been included in the table above. The remaining $5.0 million of contingent

-49-


consideration is recorded as an other long-term liability on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015. Finally, with the acquisition of Salesify, acquired on September 17, 2015 (see Note 3 - Business Acquisitions), contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $17.0 million may be payable upon achieving certain future income thresholds and was determined to have a fair value of $5.6 million at December 31, 2015 which was recorded as an other long-term liability on the consolidated balance sheet.

We have not presented the contingent consideration (excluding $20 million associated with the acquisition of Ookla) in the table above due to the uncertainty of the amounts and timing of cash settlement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are not party to any material off-balance sheet arrangements.




-50-


Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discussion of the market risks we face contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date hereof. j2 Global undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Readers should carefully review the risk factors described in this document as well as in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on Form 8-K filed or to be filed by us in 2016.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our investment portfolio. We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types and maturities. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve our principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve these objectives, we maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and investments in a mix of instruments that meet high credit quality standards, as specified in our investment policy. Our cash and cash equivalents are not subject to significant interest rate risk due to the short maturities of these instruments. As of December 31, 2015, the carrying value of our cash and cash equivalents approximated fair value. Our return on these investments is subject to interest rate fluctuations.

Our short- and long-term investments are comprised primarily of readily marketable corporate and governmental debt securities, time deposits and certificates of deposits. Investments in fixed rate interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their fair market value adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates. Our interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. and foreign countries’ interest rates. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fall short of expectations due to changes in interest rates.

As of December 31, 2015, we had investments in debt securities with effective maturities greater than one year of approximately $78.6 million. Such investments had a weighted average yield of approximately 1.42%. As of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had cash and cash equivalent investments in time deposits and money market funds with maturities of three months or less of $255.5 million and $433.7 million, respectively. Based on our cash and cash equivalents and short- and long-term investment holdings as of December 31, 2015, an immediate 100 basis point decline in interest rates would decrease our annual interest income by $2.6 million.

We cannot ensure that future interest rate movements will not have a material adverse effect on our future business, prospects, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. To date, we have not entered into interest rate hedging transactions to control or minimize certain of these risks.

Foreign Currency Risk

We conduct business in certain foreign markets, primarily in Canada, Australia and the European Union. Our principal exposure to foreign currency risk relates to investment and inter-company debt in foreign subsidiaries that transact business in functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, primarily the Australian Dollar, the Canadian Dollar, the Euro, the Hong Kong Dollar, the Japanese Yen, the New Zealand Dollar, the Norwegian Kroner and the British Pound Sterling. If we are unable to settle our short-term intercompany debts in a timely manner, we remain exposed to foreign currency fluctuations.

As we expand our international presence, we become further exposed to foreign currency risk by entering new markets with additional foreign currencies. The economic impact of currency exchange rate movements is often linked to variability in real growth, inflation, interest rates, governmental actions and other factors. These changes, if material, could cause us to adjust our financing and operating strategies.
    
As currency exchange rates change, translation of the income statements of the international businesses into U.S. Dollars affects year-over-year comparability of operating results, the impact of which is immaterial to the comparisons set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Historically, we have not hedged translation risks because cash flows from international operations were generally reinvested locally; however, we may do so in the future. Our objective in managing foreign exchange risk is to minimize the potential exposure to changes that exchange rates might have on earnings, cash flows and financial position.


-51-


Foreign exchange gains and (losses) were not material to our earnings in 2015, 2014 or 2013. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, net foreign currency transaction gain/(loss) amounted to $(0.1) million, $(0.1) million and $0.4 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, cumulative translation adjustments included in other comprehensive income amounted to $(15.1) million and $(14.7) million, respectively.

We currently do not have derivative financial instruments for hedging, speculative or trading purposes and therefore are not subject to such hedging risk. However, we may in the future engage in hedging transactions to manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.


-52-


Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

Board of Directors and Stockholders
j2 Global, Inc.
Los Angeles, California

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of j2 Global, Inc. (“Company”) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. In connection with our audits of the financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index. These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements and schedule. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of j2 Global, Inc. at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Also, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), j2 Global, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated February 29, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.




/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 29, 2016


-53-


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM



To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
j2 Global, Inc.
Los Angeles, California

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows of j2 Global, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2013. Our audit also included the financial statement schedule of the Company listed in Item 15(a).  These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the stockholders’ equity of j2 Global, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.




/s/ SingerLewak LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 28, 2014, except for Note 17 as to which the date is March 2, 2015.


-54-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2015 and 2014
(In thousands, except share amounts)
 
2015
 
2014
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
255,530

 
$
433,663

Short-term investments
79,655

 
96,206

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $4,261 and $3,685, respectively
114,680

 
91,699

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
25,722

 
22,602

Deferred income taxes, current
7,218

 
2,013

Total current assets
482,805

 
646,183

Long-term investments
78,563

 
60,508

Property and equipment, net
57,442

 
38,217

Trade names, net
118,965

 
105,551

Patent and patent licenses, net
18,841

 
24,927

Customer relationships, net
197,319

 
163,766

Goodwill
807,661

 
635,675

Other purchased intangibles, net
17,516

 
17,556

Other assets
13,756

 
12,819

Total assets
$
1,792,868

 
$
1,705,202

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
114,384

 
$
95,310

Income taxes payable
5,589

 
—

Deferred revenue, current
76,104

 
63,457

Capital lease, current
214

 
258

Deferred income taxes, current
363

 
342

Total current liabilities
196,654

 
159,367

Long-term debt
601,186

 
593,350

Capital lease, non-current
148

 
141

Liability for uncertain tax positions
35,917

 
37,551

Deferred income taxes, non-current
43,989

 
61,960

Deferred revenue, non-current
6,538

 
10,182

Other long-term liabilities
18,228

 
22,416

Total liabilities
902,660

 
884,967

Commitments and contingencies
—

 
—

Preferred stock - Series A, $0.01 par value. Authorized 6,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively; total issued and outstanding is zero and zero at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
—

 
—

Preferred stock - Series B, $0.01 par value. Authorized 20,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively; total issued and outstanding is zero and zero at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 95,000,000 at December 31, 2015 and 2014; total issued and outstanding 47,950,677 and 47,409,514 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
479

 
474

Additional paid-in capital
292,064

 
273,304

Retained earnings
626,789

 
553,584

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(29,124
)
 
(7,127
)
Total stockholders' equity
890,208

 
820,235

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,792,868

 
$
1,705,202


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

-55-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
$
720,815

 
$
599,030

 
$
520,801

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues (1)
122,958

 
105,989

 
86,893

Gross profit
597,857

 
493,041

 
433,908

Operating expenses:
 
 
 

 
 

Sales and marketing (1)
159,009

 
141,967

 
131,317

Research, development and engineering (1)
34,329

 
30,680

 
25,485

General and administrative (1)
205,137

 
134,188

 
101,683

Total operating expenses
398,475

 
306,835

 
258,485

Income from operations
199,382

 
186,206

 
175,423

      Interest expense, net
42,458

 
31,204

 
21,254

      Other expense (income), net
5

 
(165
)
 
11,472

Income before income taxes
156,919

 
155,167

 
142,697

Income tax expense
23,283

 
29,840

 
35,175

Net income
133,636

 
125,327

 
107,522

Less extinguishment of Series A preferred stock
—

 
(991
)
 
—

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
$
133,636

 
$
124,336

 
$
107,522

Net income per common share:
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
2.76

 
$
2.60

 
$
2.31

Diluted
$
2.73

 
$
2.58

 
$
2.28

Weighted average shares outstanding:
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
47,627,853

 
46,778,015

 
45,548,767

Diluted
48,087,760

 
47,106,538

 
46,140,019

Cash dividends paid per common share
$
1.22

 
$
1.10

 
$
0.98

 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes share-based compensation expense as follows:
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
$
373

 
$
345

 
$
756

Sales and marketing
2,435

 
1,944

 
1,855

Research, development and engineering
863

 
721

 
434

General and administrative
8,122

 
5,898

 
6,675

Total
$
11,793

 
$
8,908

 
$
9,720

 
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

-56-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
(In thousands)
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
$
133,636

 
$
125,327

 
$
107,522

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax expense (benefit) of zero, zero and ($122) for the year ended 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively
 
(15,058
)
 
(14,694
)
 
78

Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax expense (benefit) of ($4,556), $2,757 and $2,447 for the year ended 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively
 
(6,939
)
 
3,332

 
4,245

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
(21,997
)
 
(11,362
)
 
4,323

Comprehensive Income
 
$
111,639

 
$
113,965

 
$
111,845


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


-57-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
(In thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
133,636

 
$
125,327

 
$
107,522

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

 
 
Depreciation and amortization
93,213

 
62,953

 
39,788

Accretion and amortization of discount and premium of investments
1,207

 
1,334

 
1,796

Amortization of financing costs and discounts
9,105

 
5,045

 
613

Share-based compensation
11,793

 
8,908

 
9,720

Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
(4,486
)
 
(5,512
)
 
(2,695
)
Provision for doubtful accounts
6,872

 
4,702

 
3,135

Deferred income taxes, net
(17,083
)
 
(10,033
)
 
250

Loss on disposal of fixed assets
—

 
—

 
8

(Gain) loss on available-for-sale investments
(549
)
 
(90
)
 
66

Loss on extinguishment of debt and related interest expense
—

 
—

 
14,437

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of business combinations:
 
 
 
 
 
Decrease (increase) in:
 

 
 

 
 
Accounts receivable
(18,508
)
 
(11,078
)
 
(9,588
)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
1,461

 
(3,212
)
 
149

Other assets
(602
)
 
(42
)
 
168

Increase (decrease) in:
 

 
 

 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
8,757

 
(5,447
)
 
9,126

Income taxes payable
3,578

 
10,797

 
667

Deferred revenue
(3,480
)
 
(711
)
 
12,368

Liability for uncertain tax positions
(5,718
)
 
(6,313
)
 
6,186

Other long-term liabilities
9,865

 
603

 
(392
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
229,061

 
177,231

 
193,324

Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

 
 
Maturity of certificates of deposit
65

 
14,520

 
42,615

Purchase of certificates of deposit
(62
)
 
(65
)
 
(22,071
)
Maturity of available-for-sale investments
121,687

 
110,363

 
140,126

Purchase of available-for-sale investments
(135,832
)
 
(138,452
)
 
(168,901
)
Purchases of property and equipment
(17,297
)
 
(11,829
)
 
(18,627
)
Proceeds from sale of assets
—

 
608

 
1

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash received
(302,809
)
 
(245,278
)
 
(126,341
)
Purchases of intangible assets
(1,455
)
 
(5,336
)
 
(14,200
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(335,703
)
 
(275,469
)
 
(167,398
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

 
 
Issuance of long-term debt
—

 
402,500

 
—

Debt issuance costs
—

 
(11,991
)
 
(47
)
Repurchases of common and restricted stock
(3,674
)
 
(5,663
)
 
(4,587
)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
260

 
265

 
213

Exercise of stock options
4,958

 
6,621

 
13,604

Dividends paid
(58,826
)
 
(52,269
)
 
(45,134
)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
4,486

 
5,512

 
2,695

Deferred payments for acquisitions
(14,271
)
 
(16,512
)
 
—

Other
(296
)
 
(933
)
 
(2,437
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(67,363
)
 
327,530

 
(35,693
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
(4,128
)
 
(3,430
)
 
(1,112
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
(178,133
)
 
225,862

 
(10,879
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
433,663

 
207,801

 
218,680

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
255,530

 
$
433,663

 
$
207,801


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

-58-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
(in thousands, except share amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred A
 
 
Preferred B
Additional
 
 
 
Accumulated
j2 Global, Inc.
Non-
Total
 
Common stock
Preferred Series A
Additional
paid-
Preferred Series B
Additional
paid-
paid-in
Treasury stock
Retained
other comprehensive
Stockholders'
Controlling
Stockholders'
 
Shares
Amount
Shares
Amount
in capital
Shares
Amount
in capital
capital
Shares
Amount
earnings
income/(loss)
equity
interest
equity
Balance, January 1, 2013
45,094,191

$
451

—

$
—

$
—

—

$
—

$
—

$
169,542

—

$
—

$
424,790

$
(88
)
$
594,695

$
(100
)
$
594,595

Net income
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

107,522

—

107,522

—

107,522

Other comprehensive income, net of tax of $2,325
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

4,323

4,323

—

4,323

Dividends
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(45,135
)
—

(45,135
)
—

(45,135
)
Purchase of mandatorily redeemable financial instrument
234,025

2

5,064

—

4,774

4,155

—

6,575

22,900

—

—

—

—

22,902

100

23,002

Exercise of stock options
569,204

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

13,598

—

—

—

—

13,604

—

13,604

Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan
5,402

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

213

—

—

—

—

213

—

213

Vested restricted stock
308,082

3

—

—

—

—

—

—

(3
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Retirement of common shares
(29,950
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(684
)
—

—

(2,395
)
—

(3,079
)
—

(3,079
)
Repurchase of restricted stock
(75,878
)
(1
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,506
)
—

—

—

—

(1,507
)
—

(1,507
)
Share based compensation
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

9,585

—

—

68

—

9,653

—

9,653

Excess tax benefit on share based compensation
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

3,227

—

—

—

—

3,227

—

3,227

Balance, December 31, 2013
46,105,076

$
461

5,064

$
—

$
4,774

4,155

$
—

$
6,575

$
216,872

—

$
—

$
484,850

$
4,235

$
706,418

$
—

$
706,418

Net income
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

125,327

—

125,327

—

125,327

Other comprehensive income, net of tax benefit $2,757
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(11,362
)
(11,362
)
—

(11,362
)
Dividends
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(52,269
)
—

(52,269
)
—

(52,269
)
Exercise of stock options
433,008

4

—

—

—

—

—

—

6,617

—

—

—

—

6,621

—

6,621

Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan
5,735

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

265

—

—

—

—

265

—

265

Equity portion of convertible debt
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

36,478

—

—

—

—

36,478

—

36,478

Vested restricted stock
565,713

6

—

—

—

—

—

—

(6
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Repurchase and retirement of common stock
(113,256
)
(1
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

(2,245
)
—

—

(3,417
)
—

(5,663
)
—

(5,663
)
Extinguishment of Series A preferred stock
235,665

2

(5,064
)
—

(4,774
)
—

—

—

989

—

—

(991
)
—

—

—

—

Exchange of Series B preferred stock
177,573

2

—

—

—

(4,155
)
—

(6,575
)
(2
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Share based compensation
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

8,824

—

—

84

—

8,908

—

8,908

Excess tax benefit on share based compensation
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,512

—

—

—

—

5,512

—

5,512

Balance, December 31, 2014
47,409,514

$
474

—

$
—

$
—

—

$
—

$
—

$
273,304

—

$
—

$
553,584

$
(7,127
)
$
820,235

$
—

$
820,235

Net income
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

133,636

—

133,636

—

133,636

Other comprehensive income, net of tax benefit ($4,556)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(21,997
)
(21,997
)
—

(21,997
)
Dividends
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(58,826
)
—

(58,826
)
—

(58,826
)
Exercise of stock options
221,221

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

4,956

—

—

—

—

4,958

—

4,958

Issuance of shares under Employee Stock Purchase Plan
4,020

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

260

—

—

—

—

260

—

260

Vested restricted stock
278,092

3

—

—

—

—

—

—

(3
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Repurchase and retirement of common stock
(53,904
)
(1
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,955
)
—

—

(1,718
)
—

(3,674
)
—

(3,674
)
Exchange of Series B preferred stock
91,734

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1
)
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Share based compensation
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

11,017

—

—

113

—

11,130

—

11,130

Excess tax benefit on share based compensation
—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

4,486

—

—

—

—

4,486

—

4,486

Balance, December 31, 2015
47,950,677

$
479

—

$
—

$
—

—

$
—

$
—

$
292,064

—

$
—

$
626,789

$
(29,124
)
$
890,208

$
—

$
890,208


See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


-59-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013


1.       The Company

j2 Global, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“j2 Global” or the "Company"), is a leading provider of Internet services. Through its Business Cloud Services Division, the Company provides cloud services to businesses of all sizes, from individuals to enterprises, and licenses its intellectual property ("IP") to third parties. The Digital Media Division specializes in the technology and gaming markets, reaching in-market buyers and influencers in both the consumer and business-to-business space.
2.    Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a)
Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of j2 Global and its direct and indirect wholly-owned and less-than-wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Holding Company Reorganization

On June 10, 2014, j2 Global, Inc., a Delaware corporation, completed a corporate reorganization (the “Holding Company Reorganization”) pursuant to which j2 Global, Inc. (the “Predecessor”), merged with j2 Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Predecessor, and changed its name to “j2 Cloud Services, Inc.” The Predecessor surviving the merger became a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of a new public holding company, j2 Global Holdings, Inc. (the “Holding Company”), which in connection with the merger changed its name to j2 Global, Inc.

At the effective time of the merger and in connection with the Holding Company Reorganization, all outstanding shares of common stock and preferred stock of the Predecessor were automatically converted into identical shares of common stock or preferred stock, as applicable, of the Holding Company on a one-for-one basis, and the Predecessor’s existing stockholders and other equity holders became stockholders and equity holders, as applicable, of the Holding Company in the same amounts and percentages as they were in the Predecessor prior to the Holding Company Reorganization.

(b)
Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, including judgments about investment classifications, and the reported amounts of net revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We believe that our most significant estimates are those related to valuation and impairment of marketable securities, valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with business combinations, long-lived and intangible asset impairment, contingent consideration, income taxes and contingencies and allowance for doubtful accounts. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates based on historical experience and on various other factors that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

(c)
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts

j2 Global reserves for receivables it may not be able to collect. These reserves for the Company's Business Cloud Services are typically driven by the volume of credit card declines and past due invoices and are based on historical experience as well as an evaluation of current market conditions. These reserves for the Company's Digital Media segment are typically driven by past due invoices and are based on historical experience. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the adequacy of these reserves.


-60-


(d)
Revenue Recognition

Business Cloud Services

The Company's Business Cloud Services revenues substantially consist of monthly recurring subscription and usage-based fees, which are primarily paid in advance by credit card. In accordance with GAAP, the Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been provided, the sales price is fixed and determinable and collection is probable. The Company defers the portions of monthly, quarterly, semi-annually and annually recurring subscription and usage-based fees collected in advance and recognizes them in the period earned. Additionally, the Company defers and recognizes subscriber activation fees and related direct incremental costs over a subscriber's estimated useful life.

j2 Global's Business Cloud Services also include patent license revenues generated under license agreements that provide for the payment of contractually determined fully paid-up or royalty-bearing license fees to j2 Global in exchange for the grant of non-exclusive, retroactive and future licenses to our intellectual property, including patented technology. Patent revenues may also consist of revenues generated from the sale of patents. Patent license revenues are recognized when earned over the term of the license agreements. With regard to fully paid-up license arrangements, the Company recognizes as revenue in the period the license agreement is executed the portion of the payment attributable to past use of the intellectual property and amortizes the remaining portion of such payments on a straight-line basis, or pro-rata revenue basis, as appropriate over the life of the licensed patent(s). With regard to royalty-bearing license arrangements, the Company recognizes revenues of license fees earned during the applicable period. With regard to patent sales, the Company recognizes as revenue in the period of the sale the amount of the purchase price over the carrying value of the patent(s) sold.

The Business Cloud Services business also generates revenues by licensing certain technology to third parties. These licensing revenues are recognized when earned in accordance with the terms of the underlying agreement. Generally, revenue is recognized as the third party uses the licensed technology over the period.

Digital Media

The Company's Digital Media revenues primarily consist of revenues generated from the sale of advertising campaigns that are targeted to the Company's proprietary websites and to those websites operated by third parties that are part of the Digital Media business's advertising network. Revenues for these advertising campaigns are recognized as earned either when an ad is placed for viewing by a visitor to the appropriate web page or when the visitor "clicks through" on the ad, depending upon the terms with the individual advertiser.

Revenues for Digital Media business-to-business operations consist of lead-generation campaigns for IT vendors and are recognized as earned when the Company delivers the qualified leads to the customer.

j2 Global also generates Digital Media revenues through the license of certain assets to clients, for the clients' use in their own promotional materials or otherwise. Such assets may include logos, editorial reviews, or other copyrighted material. Revenues under such license agreements are recognized when the assets are delivered to the client. Also, Digital Media revenues are generated through the license of certain speed testing technology which is recognized when delivered to the client through providing data services primarily to Internet Service Providers ("ISPs") and wireless carriers which is recognized as earned over the term of the access period. The Digital Media business also generates other types of revenues, including business listing fees, subscriptions to online publications, and from other sources. Such other revenues are recognized as earned.

The Company determines whether Digital Media revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis by assessing whether the Company is acting as the principal or an agent in the transaction. If the Company is acting as the principal in a transaction, the Company reports revenue on a gross basis. If the Company is acting as an agent in a transaction, the Company reports revenue on a net basis. In determining whether the Company acts as the principal or an agent, the Company follows the accounting guidance for principal-agent considerations and the Company places the most weight on three factors: whether or not the Company (i) is the primary obligor in the arrangement, (ii) has latitude in determining pricing and (iii) bears credit risk.

The Company records revenue on a gross basis with respect to revenue generated (i) by the Company serving online display and video advertising across its owned-and-operated web properties, on third party sites or on unaffiliated advertising networks, (ii) through the Company’s lead-generation business and (iii) through the Company’s  Digital Media licensing program. The Company records revenue on a net basis with respect to revenue paid to the Company by certain third-party advertising networks who serve online display and video advertising across the Company’s owned-and-operated web properties and certain third party sites.

-61-



(e)
Fair Value Measurements

j2 Global complies with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic No. 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), in measuring fair value and in disclosing fair value measurements. ASC 820 provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands the disclosures required for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.

As of December 31, 2015, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, interest receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, interest payable, customer deposits and long-term debt are reflected in the financial statements at cost. With the exception of long-term debt, cost approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of such instruments. The fair value of the Company's outstanding debt was determined using the quoted market prices of debt instruments with similar terms and maturities, if available. As of the same dates, the carrying value of other long-term liabilities approximated fair value as the related interest rates approximate rates currently available to j2 Global.

(f)
Cash and Cash Equivalents

j2 Global considers cash equivalents to be only those investments that are highly liquid, readily convertible to cash and with maturities of three months or less at the purchase date.

(g)
Investments

j2 Global accounts for its investments in debt and equity securities in accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 320, Investments - Debt and Equity Securities (“ASC 320”). Debt investments are typically comprised of corporate and governmental debt securities. Equity securities recorded as available-for-sale represent strategic equity investments. j2 Global determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of acquisition and evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date. Held-to-maturity securities are those investments which the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity and are recorded at amortized cost. Available-for-sale securities are those investments j2 Global does not intend to hold to maturity and can be sold. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. Trading securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in investment income. Securities are accounted for on a specific identification basis, average cost method or other method, as appropriate.

(h)
Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discount

j2 Global capitalizes costs incurred with borrowing and issuance of debt securities and records debt discounts as a reduction to the debt amount. j2 Global capitalized third-party costs incurred in connection with its sale of senior unsecured notes within long-term other assets and recorded the original purchase discount as a reduction to such notes (see Note 8 - Long Term Debt). These costs and discounts are amortized and included in interest expense over the life of the borrowing or term of the credit facility using the interest method.

(i)
Derivative Instruments

j2 Global currently holds an embedded derivative instrument related to contingent interest in connection with its 3.25% Convertible Notes issued on June 10, 2014. This embedded derivative instrument is carried at fair value with changes recorded to interest expense (see Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements).
 

-62-


(j)
Concentration of Credit Risk

All of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are invested at major financial institutions primarily within the United States, United Kingdom and Ireland. These institutions are required to invest the Company’s cash in accordance with the Company’s investment policy with the principal objectives being preservation of capital, fulfillment of liquidity needs and above market returns commensurate with preservation of capital. The Company’s investment policy also requires that investments in marketable securities be in only highly rated instruments, with limitations on investing in securities of any single issuer. However, these investments are not insured against the possibility of a total or near complete loss of earnings or principal and are inherently subject to the credit risk related to the continued credit worthiness of the underlying issuer and general credit market risks. At December 31, 2015, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were maintained in accounts that are insured up to the limit determined by the applicable governmental agency. The Company's deposits held in qualifying financial institutions in Ireland are fully insured through March 28, 2018 to the extent on deposit prior to March 28, 2013. With respect to the Company's deposits with financial institutions in other jurisdictions, the insured amount held in other institutions is immaterial in comparison to the total amount of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents held by these institutions which is not insured. These institutions are primarily in the United States and United Kingdom, however, the Company has accounts within several other countries including Australia, Austria, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands and Poland.

(k)
Foreign Currency

Some of j2 Global's foreign subsidiaries use the local currency of their respective countries as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet dates. Revenues, costs and expenses are translated into U.S. Dollars at average exchange rates for the period. Gains and losses resulting from translation are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Net translation gain/(loss) was $(15.1) million, $(14.7) million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Realized gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recognized within other expense (income), net. Net transaction gain/(loss) was $(0.1) million, $(0.1) million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

(l)
Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Equipment under capital leases is stated at the present value of the minimum lease payments. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of property and equipment range from one to 10 years. Fixtures, which are comprised primarily of leasehold improvements and equipment under capital leases, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or for leasehold improvements, the related lease term, if less. The Company has capitalized certain internal use software and website development costs which are included in property and equipment. The estimated useful life of costs capitalized is evaluated for each specific project and ranges from 1 to 5 years.

(m)
Long-Lived Assets

j2 Global accounts for long-lived assets, which include property and equipment and identifiable intangible assets with finite useful lives (subject to amortization), in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic No. 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”), which requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the expected undiscounted future net cash flows generated by the asset. If it is determined that the asset may not be recoverable, and if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent of the difference.

j2 Global assessed whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that potentially indicate the carrying amount of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. No impairment was recorded in fiscal year 2015, 2014 and 2013.

(n)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the purchase method of accounting are recorded at the estimated fair value of the assets acquired. Identifiable intangible assets are comprised of purchased customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, developed technologies and other intangible assets. Intangible assets subject to amortization are amortized over the period of estimated economic benefit ranging from 1 to 20 years. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), goodwill and other intangible assets

-63-


with indefinite lives are not amortized but tested annually for impairment or more frequently if j2 Global believes indicators of impairment exist. In connection with the annual impairment test for goodwill, the Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company determines that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then it performs the impairment test upon goodwill. The impairment test involves a two-step process. The first step involves comparing the fair values of the applicable reporting units with their aggregate carrying values, including goodwill. The Company generally determines the fair value of its reporting units using the income approach methodology of valuation. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, j2 Global performs the second step of the test to determine the amount of impairment loss. The second step involves measuring the impairment by comparing the implied fair values of the affected reporting unit's goodwill and intangible assets with the respective carrying values. In connection with the annual impairment test for indefinite-lived intangible assets, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount, then we perform the impairment test upon indefinite-lived intangible assets. The impairment testing for indefinite-lived intangible assets consists of comparing the carrying values to the fair values and an impairment loss is recorded if the carrying value exceeds the fair value. j2 Global completed the required impairment review at the end of 2015, 2014 and 2013 and concluded that there were no impairments. Consequently, no impairment charges were recorded.

(o)
Contingent Consideration

j2 Global measures the contingent earn-out liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy (see Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements). The Company may use various valuation techniques depending on the terms and conditions of the contingent consideration including a Monte-Carlo simulation. This simulation uses probability distribution for each significant input to produce hundreds or thousands of possible outcomes and the results are analyzed to determine probabilities of different outcomes occurring. Significant increases or decreases to these inputs in isolation would result in a significantly higher or lower liability with a higher liability capped by the contractual maximum of the contingent earn-out obligation. Ultimately, the liability will be equivalent to the amount paid, and the difference between the fair value estimate and amount paid will be recorded in earnings. The amount paid that is less than or equal to the liability on the acquisition date is reflected as cash used in financing activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Any amount paid in excess of the liability on the acquisition date is reflected as cash used in operating activities.

j2 Global reviews and re-assess the estimated fair value of contingent consideration on a quarterly basis, and the updated fair value could differ materially from the initial estimates. Changes in the estimated fair value of our contingent earn-out liabilities related to the time component of the present value calculation are reported in interest expense. Adjustments to the estimated fair value related to changes in all other unobservable inputs are reported in operating income.

(p)
Income Taxes

j2 Global's income is subject to taxation in both the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company's tax positions and determining its provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. j2 Global establishes reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves for tax contingencies are established when the Company believes that certain positions might be challenged despite the Company's belief that its tax return positions are fully supportable. j2 Global adjusts these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or lapse of a statute of limitations. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate.

j2 Global accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax basis of recorded assets and liabilities. ASC 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowance is reviewed quarterly based upon the facts and circumstances known at the time. In assessing this valuation allowance, j2 Global reviews historical and future expected operating results and other factors, including its recent cumulative earnings experience, expectations of future taxable income by taxing jurisdiction and the carryforward periods available for tax reporting purposes, to determine whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are realizable.

ASC 740 provides guidance on the minimum threshold that an uncertain income tax benefit is required to meet before it can be recognized in the financial statements and applies to all income tax positions taken by a company. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain income tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for

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recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. If it is not more likely than not that the benefit will be sustained on its technical merits, no benefit will be recorded. Uncertain income tax positions that relate only to timing of when an item is included on a tax return are considered to have met the recognition threshold. j2 Global recognized accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense on its consolidated statement of income.

(q)
Share-Based Compensation

j2 Global accounts for share-based awards in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic No. 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Accordingly, j2 Global measures share-based compensation expense at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and recognizes the expense over the employee's requisite service period using the straight-line method. The measurement of share-based compensation expense is based on several criteria, including but not limited to the valuation model used and associated input factors, such as expected term of the award, stock price volatility, risk free interest rate, dividend rate and award cancellation rate. These inputs are subjective and are determined using management's judgment. If differences arise between the assumptions used in determining share-based compensation expense and the actual factors, which become known over time, j2 Global may change the input factors used in determining future share-based compensation expense. Any such changes could materially impact the Company's results of operations in the period in which the changes are made and in periods thereafter. The Company estimates the expected term based upon the historical exercise behavior of our employees.

j2 Global accounts for option grants to non-employees in accordance with FASB ASC Topic No. 505, Equity, whereby the fair value of such options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model at the earlier of the date at which the non-employee's performance is complete or a performance commitment is reached.

(r)
Earnings Per Common Share

EPS is calculated pursuant to the two-class method as defined in ASC Topic No. 260, Earnings per Share (“ASC 260”), which specifies that all outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities and should be included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method.

Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders, excluding participating securities and the net income attributable to noncontrolling interest, by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The Company's participating securities consist of its unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends or dividend equivalents. Diluted EPS includes the determinants of basic EPS and, in addition, reflects the impact of other potentially dilutive shares outstanding during the period.  The dilutive effect of participating securities is calculated under the more dilutive of either the treasury method or the two-class method.

(s)
Research, Development and Engineering

Research, development and engineering costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for software development incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility, in the form of a working model, are capitalized and amortized over their estimated useful lives. To date, software development costs incurred after technological feasibility has been established have not been material.

(t)
Segment Reporting

FASB ASC Topic No. 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), establishes standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about operating segments in annual consolidated financial statements and requires that those enterprises report selected information about operating segments in interim financial reports. ASC 280 also establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. As a result of the acquisition of Ziff Davis, Inc., the Company operates as two segments: (1) Business Cloud Services and (2) Digital Media.


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(u)
Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $63.5 million, $60.5 million and $55.4 million, respectively.

(v)
Sales Taxes

The Company may collect sales taxes from certain customers which are remitted to governmental authorities as required and are excluded from revenues.

(w)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
    
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as a new Topic, Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606.  The new revenue recognition standard provides a five-step analysis of transactions to determine when and how revenue is recognized.  The core principle is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of the new revenue standard for periods beginning after December 15, 2016 to December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted but not earlier than the original effective date. This ASU must be applied retrospectively to each period presented or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption.  The Company is continuing to evaluate the effect and methodology of adopting this new accounting guidance upon the Company's results of operations, cash flows and financial position.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The new standard provides guidance around management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share is More Akin to Debt or to Equity, which clarifies how current guidance should be interpreted in evaluating the economic characteristics and risks of a host contract in a hybrid financial instrument that is issued in the form of a share. Specifically, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider all relevant terms and features, including the embedded derivative feature being evaluated for bifurcation, in evaluating the nature of the host contract. The assessment of the substance of the relevant terms and features should incorporate a consideration of: (1) the characteristics of the terms and features themselves; (2) the circumstances under which the hybrid financial instrument was issued or acquired; and (3) the potential outcomes of the hybrid financial instrument, as well as the likelihood of those potential outcomes. The amendments in this ASU apply to all entities that are issuers of, or investors in, hybrid financial instruments that are issued in the form of a share. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on our financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-01, Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20): Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. The amendments in this ASU provide guidance which changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Interest - Imputation Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. The amendments in this ASU provide guidance which require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The amendments in this ASU are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning

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after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other Internal - Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement. The amendments in this ASU provide guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2015. An entity can elect to adopt the amendments either (1) prospectively to all arrangements entered into or materially modified after the effective date or (2) retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In June 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-10, Technical Corrections and Improvements. The amendments in this update cover a wide range of topics in the Codification and are generally categorized as follows: Amendments Related to Differences between Original Guidance and the Codification; Guidance Clarification and Reference Corrections; Simplification; and Minor Improvements. The amendments are effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Since the this update is intended to clarify the Codification, correct unintended application of guidance, or make minor improvements to the Codification that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805). The amendments in this ASU require that an acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. In addition, the amendments in this ASU require that the acquirer record, in the same period's financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Finally, the amendments in this ASU require an entity to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years and should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this update. The Company decided to early adopt this guidance in the third quarter of 2015.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This ASU requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. This ASU is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluation the impact that this ASU will have on its financial position or financial statement disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-1, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendments in this ASU modifies how entities measure equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities. Under the new guidance, entities will have to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicality exception. A practicality exception will apply to those equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not qualify for the practical expedient to estimate fair value under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, and as such these investments may be measured at cost. ASU 2016-01 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. This ASU establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of this new standard on our financial statements.


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Reclassifications

Certain prior year reported amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 2015 presentation.

3.
    Business Acquisitions

The Company uses acquisitions as a strategy to grow its customer base by increasing its presence in new and existing markets, expand and diversify its service offerings, enhance its technology, acquire skilled personnel and to enter into other jurisdictions.

The Company completed the following acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2015, paying the purchase price in cash for each transaction: (a) a share purchase of the entire issued share capital of Firstway, an Ireland-based distributor of FaxBOX® digital fax services; (b) an asset purchase of Nuvotera (formerly known as Spam Soap), a California-based supplier of email security; (c) an asset purchase of EmailDirect, a California-based provider of email marketing services; (d) an asset purchase of SugarSync®, Inc., a California-based provider of online file backup, synchronization and sharing assets; (e) an asset purchase of Popfax, a France-based global provider of internet fax services; (f) a stock purchase of the entire capital stock of Salesify, a California-based based provider of lead generation solutions; (g) an asset purchase of LiveVault®, a California-based global provider of data backup and recovery services; (h) a membership interest purchase of the entire units of Offers.com, based in Texas and is an online marketplace connecting millions of consumers with discounts from thousands of leading merchants; and (i) certain other immaterial acquisitions of fax, online data backup and application businesses.
    
The consolidated statement of income, since the date of each acquisition, and balance sheet, as of December 31, 2015, reflect the results of operations of all 2015 acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2015, these acquisitions contributed $52.4 million to the Company's revenues. Net income contributed by these acquisitions was not separately identifiable due to j2 Global's integration activities. Total consideration for these transactions was $314.0 million, net of cash acquired and assumed liabilities and subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase consideration for these acquisitions (in thousands):
Assets and Liabilities
Valuation
 
 
Accounts receivable
$
14,935

Property and equipment
 
5,769

Other assets
 
1,415

Software
 
18,764

Trade name
 
22,602

Customer relationship
 
98,027

Other intangibles
 
1,873

Goodwill
 
172,593

Deferred revenue
 
(10,764
)
Deferred tax liability
 
(1,316
)
Other accrued liabilities
 
(9,684
)
Capital lease
 
(195
)
           Total
$
314,019


During 2015, the purchase price accounting has been finalized for the following acquisitions: (i) Stay Secure, (ii) TestudoData LLC, (iii) Comendo A/S, (iv) Ookla, (v) Nuvotera, (vi) SugarSync®, (vii) Firstway, (viii) EmailDirect and (ix) other immaterial fax and online data backup businesses. The initial accounting for all other 2015 acquisitions is incomplete and subject to change, which may be significant. j2 Global has recorded provisional amounts which may be based upon past acquisitions with similar attributes for certain intangible assets (including trade names, software and customer relationships), preliminary acquisition date working capital and related tax items.

In connection with the acquisition of Salesify, acquired on September 17, 2015, contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $17.0 million may be payable upon achieving certain future income thresholds and was determined to have a fair

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value of $5.6 million which was recorded as an other long-term liability on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015. The fair value of the contingent consideration was determined using options-based valuation approaches based on various inputs, including discount rates, volatility and market risk which are not readily observable in the market, representing a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy (see Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements). As of December 31, 2015, the Company has holdbacks of $23.2 million in connection with current year and prior years acquisitions recorded as current and long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. These holdbacks represent amounts to ensure that certain representations and warranties provided by the sellers are effective.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded adjustments to prior period acquisitions primarily due to the finalization of the purchase accounting of Stay Secure and Comendo A/S in the Business Cloud Services segment which resulted in a net increase in goodwill in the amount of $10.9 million and a corresponding decrease in customer relationships, net. In addition, the Company recorded adjustments to the initial working capital related to prior period acquisitions and finalized the fair value of contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of Scene LLC ("Ookla") in the Digital Media segment, which resulted in a net decrease in goodwill in the amount of $(4.3) million (See Note 7 - Goodwill and Intangible Assets). Such adjustments had an immaterial impact to amortization expense within the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and represents intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Goodwill recognized associated with these acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2015 is $172.6 million, of which $143.3 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Pro Forma Financial Information for 2015 Acquisitions

The following unaudited pro forma supplemental information is based on estimates and assumptions, which j2 Global believes are reasonable. However, this information is not necessarily indicative of the Company's consolidated financial position or results of income in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had j2 Global and the acquired businesses been combined companies during the periods presented. These pro forma results exclude any savings or synergies that would have resulted from these business acquisitions had they occurred on January 1, 2014 and do not take into consideration the exiting of any acquired lines of business. This unaudited pro forma supplemental information includes incremental intangible asset amortization and other charges as a result of the acquisitions, net of the related tax effects.

The supplemental information on an unaudited pro forma financial basis presents the combined results of j2 Global and its 2015 acquisitions as if each acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2014 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Year ended
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
(unaudited)
 
(unaudited)
Revenues
$
823,904

 
$
744,388

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
$
159,408

 
$
126,196

EPS - Basic
$
3.29

 
$
2.64

EPS - Diluted
$
3.26

 
$
2.62


2014

The Company completed the following acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2014, paying the purchase price in cash for each transaction: (a) all of the shares of City Numbers, a Birmingham, UK-based worldwide provider of inbound local, national and international toll free phone numbers in over 80 countries; (b) all of the shares and certain assets of Securstore, an Iceland-based provider of cloud backup and recovery services for corporate and enterprise networks; (c) all of the shares of Livedrive®, a UK-based provider of online backup with added file sync features for professionals and individuals; (d) certain assets of Faxmate, a Brisbane-based provider of Internet fax; (e) all of the shares of Critical Software Ltd., a UK-based Email Security and Management company operating under the brand name iCriticalTM; (f) all of the shares of The Online Backup Company, a Scandinavian-based provider of cloud backup, disaster recovery and file sharing solutions for corporate and enterprise networks; (g) all of the shares and certain assets of eMedia Communications LLC, a provider of research to IT buyers and leads to IT vendors; (h) asset purchase of Contactology, Inc., a North Carolina-based provider of email marketing services; (i) certain assets of Back

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Up My Info!, a NY-based company focusing primarily on backup supporting small to mid-sized businesses in a variety of industries around the world; (j) certain assets of Web24, a Melbourne, Australia- based company which offers domain name, web hosting, dedicated or shared servers and related services primarily to small and mid-sized businesses in Australia and elsewhere; (k) all of the units of Excel Micro, a Philadelphia-based cloud email security and archiving solutions; (l) all of the units of Scene LLC (“Ookla”), a Washington-based leading provider of broadband and mobile speed testing; (m) all of the shares of NCSG Holding AB (“Stay Secure”), a Swedish-based provider of e-mail and web security services; (n) all of the shares of Comendo A/S, a Danish-based provider of e-mail security; (o) certain assets of TestudoData LLC, a Nevada-based provider of e-mail security; and (p) certain other immaterial acquisitions of fax, online data backup and application businesses.

The consolidated statement of income, since the date of each acquisition, and balance sheet, as of December 31, 2014, reflect the results of operations of all 2014 acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2014, these acquisitions contributed $51.9 million to the Company's revenues. Net income contributed by these acquisitions was not separately identifiable due to j2 Global's integration activities. Total consideration for these transactions was $300.2 million, net of cash acquired and assumed liabilities and subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase consideration as follows (in thousands):
Assets and Liabilities
Valuation
 
 
Accounts receivable
$
18,024

Property and equipment
 
10,022

Other assets
 
5,500

Deferred tax asset
 
419

Software
 
9,836

Trade name
 
28,192

Customer relationship
 
98,498

Other intangibles
 
2,121

Goodwill
 
184,837

Deferred revenue
 
(29,182
)
Deferred tax liability
 
(12,328
)
Other accrued liabilities
 
(14,338
)
Capital lease
 
(1,361
)
           Total
$
300,240

  
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and represents intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Goodwill recognized associated with these acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2014 is $184.8 million, of which $89.4 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Pro Forma Financial Information for 2014 Acquisitions

The following unaudited pro forma supplemental information is based on estimates and assumptions, which j2 Global believes are reasonable. However, this information is not necessarily indicative of the Company's consolidated financial position or results of income in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had j2 Global and the acquired businesses been combined companies during the period presented. These pro forma results exclude any savings or synergies that would have resulted from these business acquisitions had they occurred on January 1, 2013 and do not take into consideration the exiting of any acquired lines of business. This unaudited pro forma supplemental information includes incremental intangible asset amortization and other charges as a result of the acquisitions, net of the related tax effects.


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The supplemental information on an unaudited pro forma financial basis presents the combined results of j2 Global and its 2014 acquisitions as if each acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2013 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Years ended
 
December 31,
2014
 
December 31,
2013
 
(unaudited)
 
(unaudited)
Revenues
$
672,701

 
$
626,906

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
$
119,773

 
$
132,480

EPS - Basic
$
2.51

 
$
2.85

EPS - Diluted
$
2.49

 
$
2.81


2013

The Company acquired the following companies during year ended December 31, 2013, in each case for cash: (a) IGN Entertainment, Inc. ("IGN"), an online publisher of video games, entertainment and men's lifestyle content; (b) MetroFax, Inc., a provider of online faxing services and advanced features; (c) Backup Connect BV, an online backup provider based in the Netherlands; (d) NetShelter, the largest community of technology publishers dedicated to consumer electronics, computing and mobile communications; (e) Email Protection Agency Limited, a UK-based provider of email security, email management and network security services; (f) TechBargains.com, the leading deal aggregation website for electronic products; and (g) certain other immaterial share and asset acquisitions in the Business Cloud Services segment.

The consolidated statement of income, since the date of the each acquisitions, and balance sheet as of December 31, 2013 reflect the results of operations of all 2013 acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2013, these acquisitions contributed $98.1 million to the Company's revenues. Net income contributed by these acquisitions was not separately identifiable due to j2 Global's integration activities. Total consideration for these transactions was $147.7 million, net of cash acquired and assumed liabilities and subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase consideration as follows (in thousands):
Assets and Liabilities
Valuation
 
 
Accounts receivable
$
24,658

Property and equipment
 
3,274

Other assets
 
2,703

Deferred tax asset
 
2,058

Software
 
3,031

Content
 
2,460

Trade name
 
18,581

Customer relationship
 
40,275

Advertiser relationship
 
11,770

Other intangibles
 
168

Goodwill
 
54,472

Deferred revenue
 
(2,543
)
Other accrued liabilities
 
(13,162
)
           Total
$
147,745


Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and represents intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. Goodwill recognized associated with these acquisition during the year ended December 31, 2013 is $54.5 million, of which $36.6 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.


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Pro Forma Financial Information for 2013 Acquisitions

The following unaudited pro forma supplemental information is based on estimates and assumptions, which j2 Global believes are reasonable. However, this information is not necessarily indicative of the Company's consolidated financial position or results of income in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had j2 Global and the acquired businesses been combined companies during the period presented. These pro forma results exclude any savings or synergies that would have resulted from these business acquisitions had they occurred on January 1 for the year ended December 31, 2012 and do not take into consideration the exiting of any acquired lines of business. This unaudited pro forma supplemental information includes incremental intangible asset amortization and other charges as a result of the acquisitions, net of the related tax effects.

The supplemental information on an unaudited pro forma financial basis presents the combined results of j2 Global and its 2013 acquisitions as if each acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Years ended
 
December 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
(unaudited)
 
(unaudited)
Revenues
$
545,952

 
$
470,190

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
$
108,600

 
$
122,187

EPS - Basic
$
2.34

 
$
2.64

EPS - Diluted
$
2.31

 
$
2.62


4.
    Investments

Short-term investments consist generally of corporate and governmental debt securities and certificates of deposits which are stated at fair market value. Realized gains and losses of short- and long-term investments are recorded using the specific identification method.

The following table summarizes j2 Global’s debt securities designated as available-for-sale, classified by the contractual maturity date of the security (in thousands):
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31, 2014
Due within 1 year
$
56,940

 
$
59,896

Due within more than 1 year but less than 5 years
78,248

 
60,178

Due within more than 5 years but less than 10 years
—

 
—

Due 10 years or after
315

 
330

Total
$
135,503

 
$
120,404


The following table summarizes the Company’s investments (in thousands):
 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31, 2014
Available-for-sale
$
158,158

 
$
156,649

Certificates of deposit
60

 
65

Total
$
158,218

 
$
156,714

 

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The following table summarizes the gross unrealized gains and losses and fair values for investments classified as available for sale as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 aggregated by major security type (in thousands):
 
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt securities
$
88,852

 
$
110

 
$
(213
)
 
$
88,749

Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies
40,715

 
—

 
(63
)
 
40,652

Debt securities issued by states of the United States and political subdivisions of the states
6,111

 
2

 
(10
)
 
6,103

Equity securities
18,536

 
4,118

 
—

 
22,654

Total
$
154,214

 
$
4,230

 
$
(286
)
 
$
158,158

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt securities
$
91,456

 
$
147

 
$
(136
)
 
$
91,467

Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies
26,848

 
9

 
(13
)
 
26,844

Debt securities issued by states of the United States and political subdivisions of the states
2,088

 
5

 
—

 
2,093

Equity securities
20,611

 
15,634

 
—

 
36,245

Total
$
141,003

 
$
15,795

 
$
(149
)
 
$
156,649


At December 31, 2015 and 2014, corporate and governmental debt securities, which have a fixed interest rate, were recorded as available-for-sale. There have been no significant changes in the maturity dates and average interest rates for the Company’s investment portfolio and debt obligations subsequent to December 31, 2015. At December 31, 2015, equity securities were recorded as available-for-sale and primarily represent a strategic investment in Carbonite, Inc.

At December 31, 2015, the Company’s available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of stockholders’ equity. Short-term investments include restricted balances which the Company may not liquidate until maturity, generally within 12 months. Restricted balances included in short-term investments were $0.1 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded realized gains (losses) from the sale of investments of approximately $0.5 million, $0.1 million and $(0.1) million, respectively.

Recognition and Measurement of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

j2 Global regularly reviews and evaluates each investment that has an unrealized loss. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income for available-for-sale securities, while such losses related to held-to-maturity securities are not recorded, as these investments are carried at their amortized cost.

Regardless of the classification of the securities as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity, the Company has assessed each position for impairment.

Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include:

•
the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been below cost;
•
the severity of the impairment;
•
the cause of the impairment and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer;

-73-


•
activity in the market of the issuer which may indicate adverse credit conditions; and
•
the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery.

j2 Global’s review for impairment generally entails:

•
identification and evaluation of investments that have indications of possible impairment;
•
analysis of individual investments that have fair values less than amortized cost, including consideration of the length of time the investment has been in an unrealized loss position and the expected recovery period;
•
discussion of evidential matter, including an evaluation of factors or triggers that could cause individual investments to qualify as having an other-than-temporary impairment and those that would not support an other-than-temporary impairment;
•
documentation of the results of these analyses, as required under business policies; and
•
information provided by third-party valuation experts.

For these securities, a critical component of the evaluation for other-than-temporary impairments is the identification of credit impairment, where management does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. Credit impairment is assessed using a combination of a discounted cash flow model that estimates the cash flows on the underlying securities and a market comparables method, where the security is valued based upon indications from the secondary market of what discounts buyers demand when purchasing similar securities. The cash flow model incorporates actual cash flows from the securities through the current period and then projects the remaining cash flows using relevant interest rate curves over the remaining term. These cash flows are discounted using a number of assumptions, some of which include prevailing implied credit risk premiums, incremental credit spreads and illiquidity risk premiums, among others.
 
Securities that have been identified as other-than-temporarily impaired are written down to their current fair value. For debt securities that are intended to be sold or that management believes it more-likely-than-not that will be required to sell prior to recovery, the full impairment is recognized immediately in earnings.
 
For available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities that management has no intent to sell and believes that it more-likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell prior to recovery, only the credit loss component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, while the rest of the fair value impairment is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss component recognized in earnings is identified as the amount of principal cash flows not expected to be received over the remaining term of the security.


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The following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in thousands):
 
As of December 31, 2015
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Greater
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
Corporate debt securities
$
74,807

 
$
(212
)
 
$
1,000

 
$
(1
)
 
$
75,807

 
$
(213
)
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies
38,004

 
(62
)
 
649

 
(1
)
 
38,653

 
(63
)
Debt securities issued by states of the United States and political subdivisions of the states
4,189

 
(10
)
 
—

 
—

 
4,189

 
(10
)
Total
$
117,000

 
$
(284
)
 
$
1,649

 
$
(2
)
 
$
118,649

 
$
(286
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of December 31, 2014
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or Greater
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Loss
Corporate debt securities
$
57,898

 
$
(131
)
 
$
1,260

 
$
(5
)
 
$
59,158

 
$
(136
)
Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies
15,072

 
(13
)
 
—

 
—

 
15,072

 
(13
)
Total
$
72,970

 
$
(144
)
 
$
1,260

 
$
(5
)
 
$
74,230

 
$
(149
)

During the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses.

5.
Fair Value Measurements

j2 Global complies with the provisions of ASC 820, which defines fair value, provides a framework for measuring fair value and expands the disclosures required for fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
 
§
Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
 
 
 
§
Level 2 – Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.
 
 
 
 
§
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company's money market funds and its marketable equity securities are classified within Level 1. The Company values these Level 1 investments using quoted market prices. The Company's debt investments, time deposits and commercial paper, all of which have counterparties with high credit ratings, are classified within Level 2. The Company values these Level 2 investments based on quoted market prices or model-driven valuations using significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

-75-



The fair value of the Convertible Notes (see Note 8 - Long-Term Debt) is determined using recent quoted market prices or dealer quotes for such securities, which are Level 1 inputs. The fair value of the Senior Notes (see Note 8 - Long-Term Debt) is determined using quoted market prices or dealer quotes for instruments with similar maturities and other terms and credit ratings, which are Level 2 inputs. The fair value of long-term debt was $790.5 million and $711.1 million, at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

In addition, the Convertible Notes contain terms that may require the Company to pay contingent interest on the Convertible Notes which is accounted for as a derivative with fair value adjustments being recorded to interest expense. This derivative is fair valued using a binomial lattice convertible bond pricing model using historical and implied market information, which are Level 2 inputs.

The Company classifies its contingent consideration liability in connection with the acquisitions of Ookla and Salesify (see Note 3 - Business Acquisitions) within Level 3 because factors used to develop the estimated fair value are unobservable inputs, such as volatility and market risks, and are not supported by market activity. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability was determined using option based approaches. This methodology was utilized because the distribution of payments is not symmetric and amounts are only payable upon certain earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") thresholds being reached. Such valuation approach included a Monte-Carlo simulation for the contingency since the financial metric driving the payments is path dependent. Significant increases or decreases in either of the inputs noted above in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.

-76-


The following tables present the fair values of the Company’s financial assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2015
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Money market and other funds
$
46,867

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
46,867

   Time deposits
—

 
3,004

 
—

 
3,004

Certificates of Deposit
—

 
60

 
—

 
60

Equity securities
22,654

 
—

 
—

 
22,654

Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies
—

 
40,652

 
—

 
40,652

Debt securities issued by states of the United States and political subdivisions of the states
—

 
6,103

 
—

 
6,103

Corporate debt securities
—

 
88,749

 
—

 
88,749

Total assets measured at fair value
$
69,521

 
$
138,568

 
$
—

 
$
208,089

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
30,600

 
$
30,600

Contingent interest derivative
—

 
1,450

 
—

 
1,450

Total liabilities measured at fair value
$
—

 
$
1,450

 
$
30,600

 
$
32,050

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Money market and other funds
$
212,645

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
212,645

   Time deposits
—

 
51,807

 
—

 
51,807

Certificates of Deposit
—

 
65

 
—

 
65

Equity securities
36,245

 
—

 
—

 
36,245

Debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies
—

 
26,844

 
—

 
26,844

Debt securities issued by states of the United States and political subdivisions of the states
—

 
2,093

 
—

 
2,093

Corporate debt securities
—

 
91,467

 
—

 
91,467

Total assets measured at fair value
$
248,890

 
$
172,276

 
$
—

 
$
421,166

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent consideration
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
15,000

 
$
15,000

Contingent interest derivative
—

 
742

 
—

 
742

Total liabilities measured at fair value
$
—

 
$
742

 
$
15,000

 
$
15,742


At the end of each reporting period, management reviews the inputs to measure the fair value measurements of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities to determine when transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred. For the year ended December 31, 2015, there were no transfers that have occurred between levels. On September 30, 2014, management reevaluated the inputs of its Level 1 assets used in determining fair value and transferred $206.9 million of financial instruments from Level 1 to Level 2. The Company determined the fair value of such transfer as of the end of the reporting period.


-77-


The following tables presents a reconciliation of the Company’s Level 3 financial assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
 
Level 3
 
Affected line item in the Statement of Income
Balance as of January 1, 2014
$
—

 
 
Contingent consideration
15,000

 
Not Applicable
Total (gains) losses reported in earnings
—

 
 
Transfers into or out of Level 3
—

 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
15,000

 
 
Contingent consideration
$
(600
)
 
Not applicable
Total (gains) losses reported in earnings
16,200

 
General and administrative
Transfers into or out of Level 3
—

 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2015
$
30,600

 
 

In connection with the acquisition of Ookla, on December 1, 2014, contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $40.0 million may be payable upon achieving certain future income thresholds and had a fair value of $25.0 million and $15.0 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Due to the Company achieving certain earnings targets for the year ended December 31, 2015, $20.0 million has been reclassified to current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet payable in 2016. The remaining $5.0 million of contingent consideration is recorded as an other long-term liability on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015.

In connection with the acquisition of Salesify, on September 17, 2015, contingent consideration of up to an aggregate of $17.0 million may be payable upon achieving certain future income thresholds and had a fair value of $5.6 million, which was recorded as an other long-term liability on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded a net increase in the fair value of the contingent consideration of $16.2 million and reported such increase in general and administrative expenses.

The following tables presents a reconciliation of the Company’s derivative instruments (in thousands):
 
Amount
 
Affected line item in the Statement of Income
Derivative Liabilities:
 
 
 
Level 2:
 
 
 
Balance as of January 1, 2014
$
—

 
 
Contingent interest
372

 
 
Total losses reported in earnings
370

 
      Interest expense, net
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
742

 
 
Total losses reported in earnings
708

 
      Interest expense, net
Balance as of December 31, 2015
$
1,450

 
 

Losses associated with other-than-temporary impairments are recorded as a component of other income (expenses). Gains and losses not associated with other-than-temporary impairments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. 


-78-


6.
    Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, stated at cost, at December 31, 2015 and 2014 consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
2015
 
2014
Computers and related equipment
$
135,360

 
$
100,537

Furniture and equipment
1,710

 
1,763

Leasehold improvements
10,603

 
9,098

 
147,673

 
111,398

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(90,231
)
 
(73,181
)
 Total property and equipment, net
$
57,442

 
$
38,217


Depreciation and amortization expense was $19.2 million, $15.5 million and $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Total disposals of long-lived assets for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was zero, $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

7.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Intangible assets resulting from the acquisitions of entities accounted for using the purchase method of accounting are recorded at the estimated fair value of the assets acquired. Identifiable intangible assets are comprised of purchased customer relationships, trademarks and trade names, developed technologies and other intangible assets. The fair values of these identified intangible assets are based upon expected future cash flows or income, which take into consideration certain assumptions such as customer turnover, trade names and patent lives. These determinations are primarily based upon the Company’s historical experience and expected benefit of each intangible asset. If it is determined that such assumptions are not accurate, then the resulting change will impact the fair value of the intangible asset. Identifiable intangible assets are amortized over the period of estimated economic benefit, which ranges from one to 20 years.

The changes in carrying amounts of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Business Cloud Services
 
Digital Media
 
Consolidated
Balance as of January 1, 2014
$
316,682

 
$
140,740

 
$
457,422

Goodwill acquired
79,536

 
105,301

 
184,837

Purchase Accounting Adjustments
(706
)
 
(329
)
 
(1,035
)
Foreign exchange translation
(5,449
)
 
(100
)
 
(5,549
)
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
390,063

 
$
245,612

 
$
635,675

Goodwill acquired
108,913

 
63,680

 
172,593

Purchase accounting adjustments
10,900

 
(4,289
)
 
6,611

Foreign exchange translation
(7,158
)
 
(60
)
 
(7,218
)
Balance as of December 31, 2015
$
502,718

 
$
304,943

 
$
807,661


Purchase accounting adjustments relate to adjustments to goodwill in connection with prior years business acquisitions. See Note 3 - Business Acquisitions - for a discussion related to purchase accounting adjustments.


-79-


Intangible assets are summarized as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 as follows (in thousands):

Intangible Assets with Indefinite Lives:
 
2015
 
2014
Trade names
$
27,379

 
$
27,379

Other
5,432

 
5,432

Total
$
32,811

 
$
32,811


In accordance with ASC 350, the Company performed the annual impairment test for goodwill for fiscal year 2015 using a qualitative assessment primarily taking into consideration macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance and any other relevant company-specific events. The Company performed the annual impairment test for intangible assets with indefinite lives for fiscal 2015 using a qualitative assessment primarily taking into consideration macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, overall financial performance and any other relevant company-specific events. j2 Global concluded that there were no impairments in 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization:

As of December 31, 2015, intangible assets subject to amortization relate primarily to the following (in thousands):
 
 
Weighted-Average
  Amortization
Period
 
Historical
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Trade names
12.0 years
 
$
117,753

 
$
26,167

 
$
91,586

Patent and patent licenses
8.3 years
 
64,258

 
45,417

 
18,841

Customer relationships
9.4 years
 
313,909

 
116,590

 
197,319

Other purchased intangibles
4.2 years
 
33,088

 
21,004

 
12,084

Total
 
 
$
529,008

 
$
209,178

 
$
319,830


As of December 31, 2014, intangible assets subject to amortization relate primarily to the following (in thousands):
 
Weighted-Average
  Amortization
Period
 
Historical
Cost
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Trade names
14.5 years
 
$
94,770

 
$
16,598

 
$
78,172

Patent and patent licenses
9.0 years
 
62,940

 
38,013

 
24,927

Customer relationships
9.3 years
 
230,424

 
66,658

 
163,766

Other purchased intangibles
4.3 years
 
28,360

 
16,236

 
12,124

Total
 
 
$
416,494

 
$
137,505

 
$
278,989


Expected amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization at December 31, 2015 are as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year:
 
2016
$
63,209

2017
58,498

2018
46,500

2019
33,665

2020
31,313

Thereafter
86,645

Total expected amortization expense
$
319,830



-80-


Amortization expense was $74.0 million, $47.4 million and $30.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
  
8.
    Long-Term Debt

8.0% Senior Notes

On July 26, 2012, the Company's subsidiaries, issued in a private offering exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, $250 million aggregate principal amount of 8.0% senior unsecured notes (the “Senior Notes”) due August 1, 2020. j2 Cloud Services, Inc. received proceeds of $245 million in cash, net of initial purchaser's discounts and commissions of $5 million. As of December 31, 2015, the unamortized discount on Senior Notes was approximately $3.3 million. Other fees were incurred in connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes and have an unamortized balance of $0.9 million as of December 31, 2015, which is recorded within long-term other assets. The net proceeds were available for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions. Interest is payable semi-annually on February 1 and August 1 of each year. j2 Cloud Services, Inc. has the option to call the Senior Notes in whole or in part after August 1, 2016, subject to certain premiums as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, at any time before August 1, 2016, j2 Cloud Services, Inc. may redeem the Senior Notes in whole or in part at a "make-whole" redemption price specified in the indenture plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to (but not including) the redemption date. Upon a change in control, the holders may put the Senior Notes at 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date. The Senior Notes are not guaranteed by any of the j2 Cloud Services, Inc. subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015, because, as of such date, all of j2 Cloud Services existing domestic restricted subsidiaries are deemed insignificant subsidiaries (as that term is defined in the indenture) or are designated as unrestricted subsidiaries. If j2 Cloud Services, Inc. or any of its restricted subsidiaries (as that term is defined in the indenture) acquires or creates a domestic restricted subsidiary, other than an insignificant subsidiary, after the issue date, or any insignificant subsidiary ceases to fit within the definition of insignificant subsidiary, such restricted subsidiary is required to unconditionally guarantee, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, j2 Cloud Services, Inc.'s obligations under the Senior Notes. In connection with the issuance of Convertible Notes (defined below), j2 Global, Inc. unconditionally guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, the obligations of j2 Cloud Services, Inc. under the Senior Notes.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes contain certain restrictive and other covenants applicable to j2 Cloud Services, Inc. and subsidiaries designated as restricted subsidiaries including, but not limited to, limitations on debt and disqualified or preferred stock, restricted payments, liens, sale and leaseback transactions, dividends and other payment restrictions, asset sales and transactions with affiliates. Restricted payments are applicable only if j2 Cloud Services, Inc. and subsidiaries designated as restricted subsidiaries has a pro forma leverage ratio of greater than 1.75 to 1.0. In addition, if such leverage ratio is in excess of 1.75 to 1.0, restricted payments are permitted up to $50 million. As of December 31, 2015, j2 Cloud Services, Inc. was in compliance with all such covenants. Violation of these covenants could result in a default which could result in the acceleration of outstanding amounts if such default is not cured or waived within the time periods outlined in the indenture.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the estimated fair value of the Senior Notes was approximately $262.2 million and $262.4 million, respectively, and was based on the quoted market prices of debt instruments with similar terms, credit rating and maturities of the Senior Notes as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

3.25% Convertible Notes

On June 10, 2014, j2 Global issued $402.5 million aggregate principal amount of 3.25% convertible senior notes due June 15, 2029 (the “Convertible Notes”). j2 Global received proceeds of $391.4 million in cash, net of underwriters' discounts and commissions. The net proceeds were available for general corporate purposes. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 3.25% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. Beginning with the six-month interest period commencing on June 15, 2021, the Company must pay contingent interest on the Convertible Notes during any six-month interest period if the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes for each of the five trading days immediately preceding the first day of such interest period equals or exceeds $1,300. Any contingent interest payable on the Convertible Notes will be in addition to the regular interest payable on the Convertible Notes.

Holders may surrender their Convertible Notes for conversion at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date only if one or more of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2014 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the closing sale price of j2 Global common stock for at least 20 trading days in the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the calendar quarter immediately preceding the calendar quarter in which the conversion occurs is more than 130%

-81-


of the applicable conversion price of the Convertible Notes on each such trading day; (ii) during the five consecutive business day period following any ten consecutive trading day period in which the trading price for the Convertible Notes for each such trading day was less than 98% of the product of (a) the closing sale price of j2 Global common stock on each such trading day and (b) the applicable conversion rate on each such trading day; (iii) if j2 Global calls any or all of the Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the business day prior to the redemption date; (iv) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events; or (v) during either the period beginning on, and including, March 15, 2021 and ending on, but excluding, June 20, 2021 or the period beginning on, and including, March 15, 2029 and ending on, but excluding, the maturity date. j2 Global will settle conversions of Convertible Notes by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of j2 Global common stock or a combination thereof at j2 Global's election. The Company currently intends to satisfy its conversion obligation by paying and delivering a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, where cash will be used to settle each $1,000 of principal and the remainder, if any, will be settled via shares of the Company's common stock.

As of December 31, 2015, the conversion rate is 14.4488 shares of j2 Global common stock for each $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents a conversion price of approximately $69.21 per share of j2 Global common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment for certain events as set forth in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, but will not be adjusted for accrued interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur on or prior to June 20, 2021, j2 Global will increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event.

j2 Global may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to June 20, 2021. On or after June 20, 2021, j2 Global may redeem for cash all or part of the Convertible Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Notes.

Holders have the right to require j2 Global to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes on each of June 15, 2021 and June 15, 2024 at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the relevant repurchase date. In addition, if a fundamental change, as defined in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes, occurs prior to the maturity date, holders may require j2 Global to repurchase for cash all or part of their Convertible Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The Convertible Notes are the Company's general senior unsecured obligations and rank: (i) senior in right of payment to any of the Company's future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Convertible Notes; (ii) equal in right of payment to the Company's existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated, including in respect of j2 Global's guarantee of the obligations of our subsidiary, j2 Cloud Services, Inc., with respect to its outstanding Senior Notes; (iii) effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company's secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and (iv) structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by the Company's subsidiaries.

Accounting for the Convertible Notes

In accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, convertible debt that can be settled for cash is required to be separated into the liability and equity component at issuance, with each component assigned a value. The value assigned to the liability component is the estimated fair value, as of the issuance date, of similar debt without the conversion feature. The difference between the cash proceeds and estimated fair value of the liability component, representing the value of the conversion premium assigned to the equity component, is recorded as a debt discount on the issuance date. This debt discount is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the period from the issuance date through the first stated repurchase date on June 15, 2021.

j2 Global estimated the borrowing rates of similar debt without the conversion feature at origination to be 5.79% for the Convertible Notes and determined the debt discount to be $59.0 million. As a result, a conversion premium after tax of $37.7 million was recorded in additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2015, the carrying value of the Convertible Notes was $354.4 million, which consisted of $402.5 million outstanding principal amount net of $48.1 million unamortized debt discount. The aggregate debt discount is amortized as interest expense over the period from the issuance date through the first stated repurchase date on June 15, 2021 which management believes is the expected life of the Convertible Notes using an interest rate of 5.81%. As of December 31, 2015, the remaining period over which the unamortized debt discount will be amortized is 5.5 years.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company incurred $11.7 million of deferred issuance

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costs, which primarily consisted of the underwriters' discount and legal and other professional service fees. Of the total deferred issuance costs incurred, $10.0 million of such deferred issuance costs were attributable to the liability component and are recorded within other assets and are being amortized to interest expense through June 15, 2021. The remaining $1.7 million ($1.1 million net of tax) of such deferred issuance costs were netted with the equity component in additional paid-in capital at the issuance date. The unamortized balance as of December 31, 2015 was $8.2 million.

The Convertible Notes are carried at face value less any unamortized debt discount. The fair value of the Convertible Notes at each balance sheet date is determined based on recent quoted market prices or dealer quotes for the Convertible Notes, which are Level 1 inputs (see Note 5 - Fair Value Measurements). If such information is not available, the fair value is determined using cash-flow models of the scheduled payments discounted at market interest rates for comparable debt without the conversion feature. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the estimated fair value of the Convertible Notes was approximately $528.3 million and $448.7 million, respectively.

Long-term debt as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 consists of the following (in thousands):
 
 
2015
 
2014
Senior Notes
$
246,750

 
$
246,187

Convertible Notes
354,436

 
347,163

Total long-term debt
$
601,186

 
$
593,350

Less: Current portion
—

 
—

Total long-term debt, less current portion
$
601,186

 
$
593,350


At December 31, 2015, future principal payments for debt were as follows (in thousands):
Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
$
—

2017
—

2018
—

2019
—

2020
250,000

Thereafter
402,500

 
$
652,500


Interest expense was $43.6 million, $32.5 million and $22.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

9.
Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instrument

On November 9, 2012, the Company acquired substantially all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Ziff Davis, Inc. ("Ziff Davis"). In connection with the acquisition, the issued and outstanding capital stock was exchanged for shares of Series A Cumulative Participating Preferred Stock ("Series A Stock") of Ziff Davis. Ziff Davis is accounted for as a consolidated subsidiary as of the date of acquisition. Certain minority interest holders received an ownership in Series A Stock which was accounted for as a non-controlling interest. On December 31, 2013, in connection with a reorganization of Ziff Davis, Inc. to Ziff Davis, LLC (the "Reorganization"), the Company acquired all of the minority interest holders' equity interests, including their Series A Stock.

The Series A Stock met the definition of a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument which requires liability classification and remeasurement at each reporting period on the consolidated subsidiaries financial statements. As the fair value of the Series A Stock was less than the mandatory redemption amount at issuance, periodic accretions using the interest method were made so that the carrying amount equaled the redemption amount on the mandatory redemption date.

In connection with the Reorganization, the Company issued to the minority holders shares of j2 common stock, j2 Series A Preferred Stock and j2 Series B Preferred Stock equal to the fair market value of the minority holders' Series A Stock (see Note 12 - Stockholders' Equity). As a result of the Reorganization, the Series A Stock was extinguished, resulting in loss on extinguishment of debt and related interest expense of $14.4 million within the consolidated statement of income, in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

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10.
    Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time-to-time, j2 Global and its affiliates are involved in litigation and other legal disputes or regulatory inquiries that arise in the ordinary course of business. Any claims or regulatory actions against j2 Global and its affiliates, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming and costly, and could divert significant operational resources. The outcome of such matters is subject to inherent uncertainties, carrying the potential for unfavorable rulings that could include monetary damages and injunctive relief.
On January 7, 2011, the Department of Revenue for the State of Washington (“Washington Department of Revenue”) issued assessments to a j2 Global affiliate for business and occupation tax and retail sales tax for the period of January 1, 2004 through September 30, 2010. On November 16, 2012, the Washington Department of Revenue denied the j2 Global affiliate’s petition for correction. The j2 Global affiliate paid the assessments and, on June 21, 2013, filed a complaint against the Washington Department of Revenue in the Superior Court of Washington for Thurston County (No. 13-2-01338-7). In that suit, the j2 Global affiliate is seeking a refund of the entire amount paid and a declaration that the Washington Department of Revenue improperly imposed the taxes. Discovery is ongoing.
On February 17, 2011, Emmanuel Pantelakis (“Pantelakis”) filed suit against a j2 Global affiliate in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (No. 11-50673), alleging that the j2 Global affiliate breached a contract relating to Pantelakis’s use of the Campaigner® service. The j2 Global affiliate filed a responsive pleading on March 23, 2011 and responses to undertakings on July 16, 2012. On November 6, 2012, Pantelakis filed a second amended statement of claim, reframing his lawsuit as a negligence action. The j2 Global affiliate filed an amended statement of defense on April 8, 2013. Discovery is ongoing.
On January 17, 2013, the Commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Revenue (“Commissioner”) issued a notice of assessment to a j2 Global affiliate for sales and use tax for the period of July 1, 2003 through December 31, 2011. On July 22, 2014, the Commissioner denied the j2 Global affiliate’s application for abatement. On September 18, 2014, the j2 Global affiliate petitioned the Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board for abatement of the tax asserted in the notice of assessment (No. C325426). A trial was held on December 16, 2015. The Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board has not yet rendered its decision.
On January 18, 2013, Paldo Sign and Display Co. (“Paldo”) filed an amended complaint adding two j2 Global affiliates and a former employee as additional defendants in an existing purported class action pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (“Northern District of Illinois”) (No. 1:13-cv-01896). The amended complaint alleged violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”), the Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices Act (“ICFA”), and common law conversion, arising from an indirect customer’s alleged use of the j2 Global affiliates’ systems to send unsolicited facsimile transmissions. On August 23, 2013, a second plaintiff, Sabon, Inc. (“Sabon”), was added. The j2 Global affiliates filed a motion to dismiss the ICFA and conversion claims, which was granted. The Northern District of Illinois also dismissed the former employee for lack of personal jurisdiction. Discovery closed on January 11, 2016. The parties are preparing dispositive motions.
On August 28, 2013, Phyllis A. Huster (“Huster”) filed suit in the Northern District of Illinois (No. 1:13-cv-06143) against two j2 Global affiliates and three other parties for correction of inventorship for nine j2 Global patents. Huster seeks, among other things, a declaration that she was an inventor of the patents-in-suit, an order directing the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to substitute or add her as an inventor, and payment of at least half of defendants’ earnings from licensing the patents-in-suit. On September 19, 2014, the Northern District of Illinois granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss for improper venue and transferred the case to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (No. 1:14-cv-03304). Huster filed an amended complaint on February 11, 2015, which she corrected on February 12, 2015. The corrected amended complaint added claims of fraudulent concealment, breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, breach of contract, breach of a private duty, conversion, and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On November 12, 2015, the Northern District of Georgia dismissed all claims against the j2 Global affiliates. On January 28, 2016, the remaining claims were dismissed on summary judgment and a judgment was entered in favor of the defendants.
On October 16, 2013, a j2 Global affiliate entered an appearance as a plaintiff in a multi-district litigation pending in the Northern District of Illinois (No. 1:12-cv-06286). In this litigation, Unified Messaging Solutions, LLC (“UMS”), a company with rights to assert certain patents owned by the j2 Global affiliate, has asserted five j2 Global patents against a number of defendants. While claims against some defendants have been settled, other defendants have filed counterclaims for, among other things, non-infringement, unenforceability, and invalidity of the patents-in-suit. On December 20, 2013, the Northern District of Illinois issued a claim construction opinion and, on June 13, 2014, entered a final judgment of non-infringement for the remaining defendants

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based on that claim construction. UMS and the j2 Global affiliate filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on June 27, 2014 (No. 14-1611). The appeal remains pending.
On June 23, 2014, Andre Free-Vychine (“Free-Vychine”) filed a purported class action against a j2 Global affiliate in the Superior Court for the State of California, County of Los Angeles (“Los Angeles Superior Court”) (No. BC549422). The complaint alleges two California statutory violations relating to late fees levied in certain eVoice® accounts. Free-Vychine is seeking, among other things, damages and injunctive relief on behalf of himself and a purported nationwide class of similarly situated persons. On August 26, 2014, Law Enforcement Officers, Inc. (“LEO”) and IV Pit Stop, Inc. (“IV Pit Stop”) filed a separate purported class action against the same j2 Global affiliate in Los Angeles Superior Court (No. BC555721). The complaint alleges three California statutory violations, negligence, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and various other common law claims relating to late fees levied on any of the j2 Global affiliate’s customers, including those with eVoice® and Onebox® accounts. The plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, damages and injunctive relief on behalf of themselves and a purported nationwide class of similarly situated persons. On September 29, 2014, the Los Angeles Superior Court ordered both cases related and consolidated for discovery purposes. On March 13, 2015, a third amended complaint was filed in this action, which no longer included IV Pit Stop as a plaintiff but added Christopher Dancel (“Dancel”) as a plaintiff. On or around June 26, 2015, the case filed by Free-Vychine was dismissed pursuant to a settlement agreement. On October 7, 2015, the parties reached a tentative class-based settlement that remains subject to court approval.j2 Global does not believe, based on current knowledge, that the foregoing legal proceedings or claims, after giving effect to existing reserves, are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, depending on the amount and timing, an unfavorable resolution of some or all of these matters could have a material effect on j2 Global’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a particular period.
The Company has not accrued for any material loss contingencies relating to these legal proceedings because unfavorable outcomes are not considered probable by management.
Operating Leases

j2 Global leases certain facilities and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases which expire at various dates through 2025. Office and equipment leases are typically for terms of three to five years and generally provide renewal options for terms up to an additional five years. In most cases, the Company expects leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by other leases with similar terms. Future minimum lease payments at December 31, 2015 under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) are as follows (in thousands):
 
Lease Payments
Fiscal Year:
 
2016
10,033

2017
9,685

2018
9,241

2019
7,611

2020
4,731

Thereafter
12,962

Total minimum lease payments
$
54,263


Rental expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $9.0 million, $9.7 million and $7.7 million, respectively.

Sublease

Total sublease income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $0.5 million and $0.1 million and zero, respectively. Total estimated aggregate sublease income to be received in the future is $1.8 million.


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Capital Leases

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, assets held under capital leases are as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
Capital leases
$
870

 
$
805

Less: Accumulated depreciation
(617
)
 
(440
)
 Total capital leases, net
$
253

 
$
365


Future minimum payments at December 31, 2015 under all capital leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) are as follows (in thousands):
 
Future Payments
Fiscal Year:
 
2016
$
140

2017
44

2018
7

2019
—

2020
—

Thereafter
—

Total minimum lease payments
$
191


Depreciation expense under capital leases for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $0.2 million, $0.4 million and zero, respectively.

Non-Income Related Taxes

As a provider of cloud services for business, the Company does not provide telecommunications services. Thus, it believes that its business and its users (by using our services) are generally not subject to various telecommunication taxes. Moreover, the Company generally does not believe that its business and its users (by using our services) are subject to other indirect taxes, such as sales and use tax, business tax and gross receipt tax. However, several state and municipal taxing authorities have challenged these beliefs and have and may continue to audit and assess our business and operations with respect to telecommunications and other indirect taxes.

On February 24, 2016, President Obama signed into law H.R. 644, the “Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015” which included a provision to permanently ban state and local authorities from imposing access or discriminatory taxes on the Internet. The new law allows “grandfathered” states and local authorities to continue their existing taxes on internet access through June 2020.
The Company is currently under audit for indirect taxes in several states and municipalities. On February 27, 2013, the Office of Finance for the City of Los Angeles (the "Los Angeles Office of Finance") issued assessments to a j2 Global affiliate for business and communications taxes for the period of January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2012. On September 11, 2014, the Los Angeles Office of Finance issued revised assessments to a j2 Global affiliate increasing such affiliate's liability to the City of Los Angeles. On April 30, 2015, the Los Angeles Office of Finance Board of Review denied the j2 Global affiliate's request to abate the assessments. The j2 Global affiliate paid the assessments and requested the abatement of penalties associated with the assessments. In addition, the j2 Global affiliate is currently working with the Office of the City Attorney of the City of Los Angeles to obtain a refund of the entire amount paid. For other jurisdictions, the Company currently has no reserves established for these matters, as the Company has determined that the liability is not probable and estimable. However, it is reasonably possible that such a liability could be incurred, which would result in additional expense, which could materially impact our financial results.



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11.
    Income Taxes

The provision for income tax consisted of the following (in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
$
21,745

 
$
22,074

 
$
22,834

State
1,805

 
3,822

 
2,676

Foreign
16,816

 
13,977

 
9,415

             Total current
40,366

 
39,873

 
34,925

 
 
Deferred:
 

 
 

 
 

Federal
(8,581
)
 
(958
)
 
3,678

State
(3,462
)
 
(5,019
)
 
(235
)
Foreign
(5,040
)
 
(4,056
)
 
(3,193
)
Total deferred
(17,083
)
 
(10,033
)
 
250

Total provision
$
23,283

 
$
29,840

 
$
35,175


A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate with j2 Global's effective income tax rate is as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Statutory tax rate
35
 %
 
35
 %
 
35
 %
State income taxes, net
0.3

 
0.6

 
0.3

Foreign rate differential
(15.8
)
 
(13.8
)
 
(17.9
)
Reserve for uncertain tax positions
(3.3
)
 
(2.2
)
 
4.3

Valuation allowance
1.8

 
2.6

 
1.9

IRC Section 199 deductions
(1.2
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.5
)
Other
(2.0
)
 
(2.5
)
 
1.6

Effective tax rates
14.8
 %
 
19.2
 %
 
24.7
 %

The Company's effective rate for each year is normally lower than the 35% U.S. federal statutory plus applicable state income tax rates primarily due to earnings of j2 Global's subsidiaries outside of the U.S. in jurisdictions where the effective tax rate is lower than in the U.S.


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Deferred tax assets and liabilities result from differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. Temporary differences and carryforwards which give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Net operating loss carryforwards
$
11,559

 
$
13,774

Tax credit carryforwards
18,341

 
14,091

Accrued expenses
12,156

 
7,114

Allowance for bad debt
1,169

 
1,132

Share-based compensation expense
4,308

 
3,632

Impairment of investments
74

 
76

Deferred revenue
3,232

 
250

State taxes
522

 
2,333

Other
7,458

 
789

 
58,819

 
43,191

Less:  valuation allowance
(14,242
)
 
(11,358
)
Total deferred tax assets
$
44,577

 
$
31,833

 
 
 
 

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 

Basis difference in fixed assets
$
(5,457
)
 
$
(5,883
)
Basis difference in intangible assets
(41,351
)
 
(51,566
)
Prepaid insurance
(482
)
 
(420
)
Convertible debt
(31,091
)
 
(26,272
)
Other
(3,330
)
 
(7,981
)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(81,711
)
 
(92,122
)
Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(37,134
)
 
$
(60,289
)

The Company had approximately $44.6 million and $31.8 million in deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related primarily to tax credit carryforwards, net operating loss carryforwards and accrued expenses treated differently between its financial statements and its tax returns. Based on the weight of available evidence, the Company assesses whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. If necessary, j2 Global records a valuation allowance sufficient to reduce the deferred tax asset to the amount that is more likely that not to be realized. The deferred tax assets should be realized through future operating results and the reversal of temporary differences.

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of $17.4 million, after considering substantial restrictions on the utilization of these NOLs due to “ownership changes”, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”). j2 Global currently estimates that all of the above-mentioned federal NOLs will be available for use before their expiration. These NOLs expire through the year 2031. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company has foreign tax credits of $14.0 million and $11.1 million, respectively. The Company has provided a valuation allowance on the foreign tax credits of $14.0 million and $11.1 million, respectively, as the weight of available evidence does not support full utilization of these credits. The foreign tax credits expire through the year 2025. In addition, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had state research and development tax credits of $3.7 million and $2.0 million, respectively, which last indefinitely. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had state enterprise zone tax credits of $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The state enterprise zone credits expire through the year 2025. j2 Global estimates that all of the state enterprise zone credits will be available for use before their expiration.

Certain tax payments are prepaid during the year and included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company's prepaid tax payments were $11.6 million and $5.8 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.


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Uncertain Income Tax Positions

Tax positions are evaluated in a two-step process. The Company first determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, it is then measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company classifies gross interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits that are not expected to result in payment or receipt of cash within one year as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

As of December 31, 2015, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $32.5 million, of which $29.8 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2014, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $34.6 million, of which $32.7 million, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2013, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $40.9 million, of which $40.9 million, if recognized would affect the Company's effective tax rate.

The aggregate changes in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes interest and penalties, for 2015, 2014 and 2013, is as follows (in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Beginning balance
$
34,635

 
$
40,888

 
35,421

Increases related to tax positions during a prior year
10,361

 
919

 
58

Decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior year
(17,107
)
 
(8,284
)
 
(1,519
)
Increases related to tax positions taken in the current year
8,841

 
3,765

 
6,928

Settlements
(4,194
)
 
(1,524
)
 
—

Decreases related to expiration of statute of limitations
—

 
(1,129
)
 
—

Ending balance
$
32,536

 
$
34,635

 
$
40,888


The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes. As of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the total amount of interest and penalties accrued was $3.4 million, $2.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively, which is classified as non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In connection with tax matters, the Company recognized interest and penalty (benefit) expense in 2015, 2014 and 2013 of $(1.4) million, $(0.1) million and $0.7 million, respectively.

Uncertain income tax positions are reasonably possible to significantly change during the next 12 months as a result of completion of income tax audits and expiration of statutes of limitations. At this point it is not possible to provide an estimate of the amount, if any, of significant changes in reserves for uncertain income tax positions as a result of the completion of income tax audits that are reasonably possible to occur in the next 12 months. In addition, the Company cannot currently estimate the amount of, if any, uncertain income tax positions which will be released in the next 12 months as a result of expiration of statutes of limitations due to ongoing audits. As a result of ongoing federal, state and foreign income tax audits (discussed below), it is reasonably possible that our entire reserve for uncertain income tax positions for the periods under audit will be released. It is also reasonably possible that the Company's reserves will be inadequate to cover the entire amount of any such income tax liability.

The Company has not provided U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 because it intends to permanently reinvest such earnings outside the U.S. If these foreign earnings were to be repatriated in the future, the related U.S. tax liability may be reduced by any foreign income taxes previously paid on these earnings and would generate foreign tax credits that would reduce the federal tax liability. As of December 31, 2015, the cumulative amount of earnings upon which U.S. income taxes have not been provided is approximately $531.5 million. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to these earnings is not practicable. Income before income taxes included income from domestic operations of $61.0 million, $79.4 million and $61.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and income from foreign operations of $95.9 million, $75.8 million and $81.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.


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Income Tax Audits:

The Company was under examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for tax years 2009 through 2011. In April 2015, the Company and the IRS reached a settlement which effectively closed the IRS examination for the Company’s 2009 and 2010 tax years. In conjunction with the settlement, the Company made tax and interest payments totaling $1.8 million to the IRS. In June 2015, the Company filed amended state franchise and income tax returns to reflect the IRS settlement and paid tax and interest related to those amended returns totaling $0.9 million. As a result of the IRS settlement, the Company determined that the 2009 and 2010 tax years were effectively closed and decreased its liabilities for uncertain tax positions by $9.3 million.

In September 2015, the Company and the IRS reached a settlement which effectively closed the IRS examination for the Company’s 2011 tax year and resolved the disputed issues for the 2011 tax year. In conjunction with the settlement, the Company made a tax payment of $1.2 million to the IRS. The Company filed amended state franchise and income tax returns to reflect the IRS settlement and paid tax and interest totaling $0.1 million. As a result of the IRS settlement, the Company determined that its 2011 tax year was effectively closed and decreased its liabilities for uncertain tax positions by $0.9 million.

In November 2015, the IRS began its income tax audit for the Company’s tax years 2012 and 2013.

j2 Global was under income tax audit by the California Franchise Tax Board (the “FTB”) for tax years 2009 through 2011. In April 2015, the Company was notified by the FTB that the income tax audit for tax years 2009 through 2011 had concluded with no changes. In September 2015, the Company was notified by the FTB that tax years 2012 and 2013 are under income tax audit. In December 2015, the Company and FTB reached an agreement to suspend the California audit for tax years 2012 and 2013 pending the outcome of the IRS audit for such tax years.

In July 2015, the Company was notified by the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance that its tax returns for tax years 2011 through 2013 would be audited. The Company is also currently under income tax audit by the New York City Department of Finance for tax years 2009 through 2011.

The Company was under income tax audit by the Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) for tax years 2010 and 2011. In December 2015, the Company was notified by the CRA that the income tax audit for tax years 2010 and 2011 had concluded with no changes.

In January 2015, the Company was notified by the Illinois Department of Revenue that the income tax audit for tax years 2008 and 2009 had been concluded with no changes.

It is reasonably possible that these audits may conclude in the next 12 months and that the uncertain tax positions the Company has recorded in relation to these tax years may change compared to the liabilities recorded for these periods. If the recorded uncertain tax positions are inadequate to cover the associated tax liabilities, the Company would be required to record additional tax expense in the relevant period, which could be material. If the recorded uncertain tax positions are adequate to cover the associated tax liabilities, the Company would be required to record any excess as reduction in tax expense in the relevant period, which could be material. However, it is not currently possible to estimate the amount, if any, of such change.

12.
    Stockholders’ Equity

j2 Preferred Stock

In connection with the December 31, 2013 reorganization of Ziff Davis, Inc. ("ZD Inc.") into Ziff Davis, LLC ("ZD LLC") and the Company's acquisition of all of the minority holders' equity interests in ZD Inc., the Company issued j2 Series A Preferred Stock ("j2 Series A Stock") and j2 Series B Preferred Stock ("j2 Series B Stock").

j2 Series A Stock

Each share of j2 Series A Stock has a stated value of $1,000. The j2 Series A Stock is not convertible into any other securities. In the event ZD LLC pays any dividends or distributions to the Company in respect of the Company’s membership interests in ZD LLC (subject to certain exceptions in respect of senior interests), holders of the j2 Series A Stock will be entitled to receive a dividend in the aggregate with respect to all j2 Series A Stock equal to 2.4449% of such ZD LLC dividend (but only to the extent such dividend and all other dividends paid in respect of the series A preferred stock does not exceed a compounded annual rate of 15% on the stated value of the j2 Series A Stock).


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The j2 Series A Stock has a liquidation preference over the j2 Series B Stock and a liquidation preference over j2 common stock in an amount up to, with respect to all shares of j2 Series A Stock, 2.4449% of the assets of ZD LLC and its subsidiaries legally available for distribution to the Company, after reduction in respect of certain senior interests (the "series A minority portion"), but in no event in an amount that exceeds the stated value of the j2 Series A Stock increased at a compounded annual rate of 15% (the "series A cap") and in no event in an amount that exceeds the lesser of the Company’s assets available for distribution and 2.4449% of the assets of ZD LLC and its subsidiaries legally available for distribution to the Company. 

On or after January 2, 2019, the j2 Series A Stock will be mandatorily redeemable by the Company upon the occurrence of certain contingent liquidity events such as a sale, initial public offering or spin-off transactions involving ZD, LLC. Any or all of the j2 Series A Stock is subject to redemption by the Company at its option at any time. If the redemption occurs in connection with certain sale, initial public offering or spin-off transactions involving ZD LLC, the redemption price will be equal to an allocable portion of the enterprise value of ZD, LLC implied by such transaction with respect to the series A minority portion and based on certain factors to be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors in its sole good faith judgment, but in no event in an amount that would exceed the series A cap. If not in connection with such a transaction, the redemption price will be the series A cap. 

j2 Series B Stock

The j2 Series B Stock is not convertible into any other securities.  In the event ZD LLC pays any dividends or distributions to the Company in respect of the Company’s membership interests in ZD LLC (subject to certain exceptions in respect of senior interests and the j2 Series A Stock), holders of the j2 series B preferred stock will be entitled to receive a dividend in the aggregate with respect to all j2 Series B Stock equal to 9.5579% of such ZD LLC dividend.

The j2 Series B Stock will have a liquidation preference junior to the liquidation preference of the j2 Series A Stock and a liquidation preference over the j2 common stock in an amount up to, with respect to all shares of j2 Series B Stock, 9.5579% of the assets of ZD LLC and its subsidiaries legally available for distribution to the Company, after reduction in respect of the j2 Series A Stock and certain other senior interests (the "series B minority portion"), but in no event in an amount that exceeds the lesser of the Company’s assets available for distribution and 9.5579% of the assets of ZD LLC and its subsidiaries legally available for distribution to the Company.

On or after January 2, 2019, the j2 Series B Stock will be mandatorily redeemable by the Company upon the occurrence of certain contingent liquidity events such as a sale, initial public offering or spin-off transactions involving ZD LLC. Any or all of the j2 Series B Stock is subject to redemption by the Company at its option at any time. If the redemption occurs in connection with certain sale, initial public offering or spin-off transactions involving ZD LLC, the redemption price will be equal to an allocable portion of the enterprise value of ZD LLC implied by such transaction with respect to the series B minority portion and based on certain factors to be determined by the Board of Directors of the Company in its sole good faith judgment. Otherwise, the redemption price will be equal to the fair market value of such share as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors in its sole good faith judgment.

Preferred Stock Exchange

In November 2014, the Company provided holders of j2 Series A Stock and j2 Series B Stock an exchange right in which shares may be exchanged for j2 common stock. The exchange right associated with the shares of j2 Series A Stock were immediately exercisable at an exchange ratio of 20.4319 shares of j2 common stock per share of j2 Series A Stock (the "Series A Exchange Ratio"). Both holders of the j2 Series A Stock exercised this exchange right which resulted in the issuance of 235,665 shares of j2 common stock. The exchange right associated with the vested shares of the j2 Series B Stock is exercisable during specified exchange periods at an exchange ratio of 31.8094 shares of j2 common stock per share of j2 Series B Stock (the "Series B Exchange Ratio"). Holders of vested j2 Series B Stock exercised this exchange right which resulted in the issuance of 91,734 and 177,573 shares of j2 common stock during fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In connection with the exercise of the exchange right and the resulting extinguishment of the Series A, the Company recorded the difference between the carrying value of the Series A and the fair value of the j2 common stock exchanged within retained earnings as a preferred stock dividend. In connection with the exercise of the exchange right associated with Series B, the Company recognized incremental fair value in the amount of $6.3 million and recorded additional share-based compensation in the amount of $1.6 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The remaining amount of unrecognized incremental fair value will be recognized over the remaining service period.

The Series B Exchange Ratio is adjusted in the event of a subdivision of the outstanding j2 common stock or j2 Series B Stock, a declaration of a dividend payable in shares of j2 common stock or j2 Series B Stock, a declaration of a dividend payable

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in a form other than shares in an amount that has a material effect on the value of shares of j2 common stock or j2 Series B Stock, a combination or consolidation of the outstanding j2 common stock or j2 Series B Stock into a lesser number of shares of j2 common stock or j2 Series B Stock, respectively, specified changes in control, a recapitalization, a reclassification, or a similar occurrence, the Company shall adjust the Series B Exchange Ratio as it deems appropriate in its sole discretion.

Non-Controlling Interest

Non-controlling interests represents equity interests in consolidated subsidiaries that are not attributable, either directly or indirectly, to j2 Global (i.e., minority interests). Non-controlling interests includes prior to the Reorganization described above in Note 9 - Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instrument, the minority equity holders' proportionate share of the equity of Ziff Davis, Inc.

Ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the Company are presented as non-controlling interests within stockholders' equity, separately from the equity held by the Company on the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity. Revenues, expenses, net income and other comprehensive income are reported in the consolidated financial statements at the consolidated amounts, which includes amounts attributable to both the Company's interest and the non-controlling interests in Ziff Davis. Net income and other comprehensive income is then attributed to the Company's interest and the non-controlling interests. Net income to non-controlling interests is deducted from net income in the consolidated statements of income to determine net income attributable to the Company's common shareholders.
In connection with the Reorganization described above in Note 9 - Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instrument, the Company acquired all of the minority holders' equity interests in ZD, Inc. As a result, on December 31, 2013, ZD LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of j2 Global, Inc. and the non-controlling interest was no longer outstanding.
Common Stock Repurchase Program

In February 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program authorizing the repurchase of up to five million shares of j2 Global common stock through February 20, 2013 (see Note 22 - Subsequent Events - for a discussion regarding the extension of the share repurchase program through February 20, 2017). On February 15, 2012, the Company entered into a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan with a broker to facilitate the repurchase program. No shares were repurchased under the share repurchase program for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Cumulatively at December 31, 2015, 2.1 million shares were repurchased at an aggregate cost of $58.6 million (including an immaterial amount of commission fees).

Periodically, participants in j2 Global’s stock plans surrender to the Company shares of j2 Global stock to pay the exercise price or to satisfy tax withholding obligations arising upon the exercise of stock options or the vesting of restricted stock. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company purchased 53,904 shares from plan participants for this purpose.

Dividends
 
The following is a summary of each dividend declared during fiscal year 2015 and 2014:
Declaration Date
 
Dividend per Common Share
 
Record Date
 
Payment Date
February 11, 2014
 
$
0.2625

 
February 24, 2014
 
March 10, 2014
May 7, 2014
 
$
0.27

 
May 19, 2014
 
June 3, 2014
August 5, 2014
 
$
0.2775

 
August 18, 2014
 
September 2, 2014
October 30, 2014
 
$
0.285

 
November 17, 2014
 
December 4, 2014
February 10, 2015
 
$
0.2925

 
February 23, 2015
 
March 9, 2015
May 6, 2015
 
$
0.3

 
May 19, 2015
 
June 3, 2015
August 3, 2015
 
$
0.3075

 
August 17, 2015
 
September 1, 2015
November 3, 2015
 
$
0.315

 
November 17, 2015
 
December 3, 2015

On February 10, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.3250 per share of common stock payable on March 10, 2016 to all stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 23, 2016 (see Note 22 - Subsequent Events). Future dividends will be subject to Board approval.


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13.
    Stock Options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan

j2 Global’s share-based compensation plans include the Second Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan, the 2007 Stock Plan, the 2015 Stock Plan and the 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Each plan is described below.

(a)
Second Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan, the 2007 Stock Plan and the 2015 Stock Plan

In November 1997, j2 Global's Board of Directors adopted the j2 Global Communications, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan, which was twice amended and restated (the “1997 Plan”). The 1997 Plan terminated in 2007, although stock options and restricted stock issued under the 1997 Plan continue to be governed by it. A total of 12,000,000 shares of common stock were authorized to be used for 1997 Plan purposes. An additional 840,000 shares were authorized for issuance upon exercise of options granted outside the 1997 Plan.

In October 2007, j2 Global's Board of Directors adopted the j2 Global, Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”). The 2007 Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other share-based awards. The number of authorized shares of common stock that may be used for 2007 Plan purposes is 4,500,000. Options under the 2007 Plan may be granted at exercise prices determined by the Board of Directors, provided that the exercise prices shall not be less than the fair market value of j2 Global's common stock on the date of grant for incentive stock options and not less than 85% of the fair market value of j2 Global's common stock on the date of grant for non-statutory stock options.

In May 2015, j2 Global's Board of Directors adopted the j2 Global, Inc. 2015 Stock Option Plan (the "2015 Plan"). The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance share units and other share-based awards and is intended as a successor plan to the 2007 Stock Plan since no further grants will be made under the 2007 Stock Plan. 4,200,000 shares of common stock are authorized to be used for 2015 Plan purposes. Options under the 2015 Plan may be granted at exercise prices determined by the Board of Directors, provided that the exercise prices shall not be less than the higher of the par value or 100% of the fair market value of j2 Global's common stock subject to the option on the date the option is granted.

At December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, options to purchase 457,792, 618,437 and 845,198 shares of common stock were exercisable under and outside of the 2015 Plan, the 2007 Plan and the 1997 Plan combined, at weighted average exercise prices of $24.78, $23.77 and $20.35, respectively. Stock options generally expire after 10 years and vest over a 5-year period.

All stock option grants are approved by “outside directors” within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m).
 

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Stock Options
 
Stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is summarized as follows:
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
 
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (In Years)
 
  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Options outstanding at January 1, 2013
1,765,461

 
$
22.08

 
 
 
 
      Granted
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
      Exercised
(569,204
)
 
23.90

 
 
 
 
      Canceled
(20,600
)
 
21.79

 
 
 
 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2013
1,175,657

 
$
21.08

 
 
 
 
      Granted
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
      Exercised
(433,008
)
 
15.70

 
 
 
 
      Canceled
(17,000
)
 
29.85

 
 
 
 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2014
725,649

 
$
24.29

 
 
 
 
      Granted
62,000

 
67.35

 
 
 
 
      Exercised
(221,221
)
 
22.41

 
 
 
 
      Canceled
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
Options outstanding at December 31, 2015
566,428

 
$
29.74

 
4.3
 
$29,782,205
Exercisable at December 31, 2015
457,792

 
$
24.78

 
3.5
 
$26,341,699
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2015
545,070

 
$
28.53

 
4.2
 
$29,316,663

For the year ended December 31, 2015, j2 Global granted 62,000 options to purchase shares of common stock pursuant to the 2015 Plan. These stock options vest 20% per year and expire 10 years from the date of grant.

The per share weighted-average grant-date fair values of stock options granted during the period ended December 31, 2015 was $15.22. There were no stock options granted during the years 2014 and 2013.

The total intrinsic values of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $10.5 million, $14.6 million and $11.9 million, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $0.7 million, $2.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively.

Cash received from options exercised under all share-based payment arrangements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $5.0 million, $6.6 million and $13.6 million, respectively. The actual tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from option exercises under the share-based payment arrangements totaled $3.7 million, $5.2 million and $3.9 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.


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The following table summarizes information concerning outstanding and exercisable options as of December 31, 2015:
 
 
Options Outstanding
 
Exercisable Options
Range of
Exercise Prices
 
Number Outstanding December 31, 2015
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
Exercisable
December 31,
2015
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
$17.19
 
33,500

 
3.18 years
 
$
17.19

 
33,500

 
$
17.19

20.91
 
77,448

 
2.34 years
 
20.91

 
77,448

 
20.91

21.67
 
66,720

 
3.35 years
 
21.67

 
66,720

 
21.67

21.88
 
770

 
1.95 years
 
21.88

 
770

 
21.88

22.92
 
98,716

 
4.35 years
 
22.92

 
98,716

 
22.92

24.61 - 28.52
 
54,874

 
3.88 years
 
27.32

 
37,874

 
27.63

29.34
 
90,700

 
5.36 years
 
29.34

 
72,564

 
29.34

29.53 - 31.07
 
25,000

 
6.07 years
 
29.99

 
13,500

 
30.21

32.45
 
56,700

 
1.59 years
 
32.45

 
56,700

 
32.45

67.35
 
62,000

 
9.35 years
 
67.35

 
—

 
—

$17.19 - $67.35
 
566,428

 
4.35 years
 
$
29.74

 
457,792

 
$
24.78


As discussed in Note 12 - Stockholders' Equity, the Company provided holders of j2 Series B Stock an exchange right in which j2 Series B Stock may be exchanged for j2 common stock during specified exchange periods. The Company determined that such exchange right represents a grant under the 2007 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2014, and accordingly, reduced the awards available under the 2007 Plan. At December 31, 2015, there were 4,032,368 additional shares underlying options, shares of restricted stock and other share-based awards available for grant under the 2015 Plan, and no additional shares are available for grant under or outside of the 2007 and 1997 Plans.

As of December 31, 2015, there was $1.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share-based compensation options granted under the 2015 Plan, 2007 Plan and the 1997 Plan. That expense is expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted average period of 2.83 years (i.e., the remaining requisite service period).

Fair Value Disclosure
 
j2 Global uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of each option grant. The expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The Company estimates the expected term based upon the historical exercise behavior of our employees. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term equal to the expected term of the option assumed at the date of grant. The Company uses an annualized dividend yield based upon the per share dividends declared by its Board of Directors. Estimated forfeiture rates were 14.1%, 12.3% and 14.4% as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The weighted-average fair values of stock options granted have been estimated utilizing the following assumptions:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Risk-free interest rate
1.61%
 
—%
 
—%
Expected term (in years)
5.2
 
0.0
 
0.0
Dividend yield
1.8%
 
—%
 
—%
Expected volatility
28.12%
 
—%
 
—%
Weighted average volatility
28.12%
 
—%
 
—%



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Restricted Stock
 
j2 Global has awarded restricted stock and restricted stock units to its Board of Directors and senior staff pursuant to the 1997 Plan, the 2007 Plan, and the 2015 Plan. Compensation expense resulting from restricted stock and restricted unit grants is measured at fair value on the date of grant and is recognized as share-based compensation expense over the applicable vesting period. Beginning in fiscal year 2012 vesting periods are approximately one year for awards to members of the Company's Board of Directors and five years for senior staff. The Company granted 252,940, 265,601 and 729,137 shares of restricted stock and restricted units during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and recognized $11.0 million, $7.4 million and $7.1 million, respectively of related compensation expense. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation cost of $34.5 million associated with these awards. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years for awards and 3.1 years for units. The total fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $6.4 million, $8.5 million and $6.4 million, respectively. The actual tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from the vesting of restricted stock awards and units totaled $3.8 million, $5.0 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. In accordance with ASC 718, share-based compensation is recognized on dividends paid related to nonvested restricted stock not expected to vest, which amounted to approximately $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
Restricted stock award activity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is set forth below:
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2013
828,475

 
$
23.08

Granted
690,762

 
13.57

Vested
(296,966
)
 
21.46

Canceled
(43,900
)
 
24.46

Nonvested at December 31, 2013
1,178,371

 
$
17.86

Granted
226,864

 
45.66

Vested
(546,115
)
 
15.63

Canceled
(45,070
)
 
35.55

Nonvested at December 31, 2014
814,050

 
$
26.57

Granted
234,540

 
68.11

Vested
(254,871
)
 
25.16

Canceled
(88,915
)
 
40.97

Nonvested at December 31, 2015
704,804

 
$
39.08

  

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Restricted stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is set forth below:
 
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life (in Years)
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2013
115,466

 
 
 
 
Granted
38,375

 
 
 
 
Vested
(11,116
)
 
 
 
 
Canceled
(33,000
)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2013
109,725

 
 
 
 
Granted
38,737

 
 
 
 
Vested
(19,598
)
 
 
 
 
Canceled
(25,940
)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
102,924

 
 
 
 
Granted
18,400

 
 
 
 
Vested
(23,221
)
 
 
 
 
Canceled
(41,858
)
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
56,245

 
1.8
 
$
4,630,088

Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2015
43,355

 
1.6
 
$
3,568,998


Ziff Davis, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan

In November 2012, Ziff Davis, Inc. ("ZD, Inc.") established the Ziff Davis, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Ziff Davis Plan"), providing incentives to selected directors, officers, employees and consultants. The Ziff Davis Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and other share-based awards. The number of authorized shares of common stock that may be used for the Ziff Davis Plan purposes is 15,000,000. In addition, certain stockholders have put rights under certain circumstances in which the stockholder may elect to cause ZD, Inc. to purchase any or all of the shares of common stock (to the extent vested pursuant to the terms of the Ziff Davis Plan) and preferred stock owned by such stockholder. ZD, Inc. also has the option to call under certain circumstances the common stock issued pursuant to the Ziff Davis Plan (to the extent vested pursuant to the terms of the Ziff Davis Plan) and shares of preferred stock. Management has determined that the circumstances in which the put right held by the stockholder is exercisable are within the control of the Company. Accordingly, management determined that liability classification is not required.
 
ZD, Inc. granted 13,035,000 shares of restricted stock during the year ended December 31, 2013 to its senior staff pursuant to the Ziff Davis Plan, which shares vest evenly over a 5-year period. Based upon the terms of the Ziff Davis Series A Stock discussed in Note 9 - Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instrument, the Company determined at the relevant grant date that the fair value of the ZD, Inc. restricted stock was zero. Accordingly, no compensation expense was recorded for the ZD, Inc. restricted stock for the year ended December 31, 2013.

In connection with the December 31, 2013 reorganization of ZD, Inc. into Ziff Davis, LLC, the Company acquired all of the minority holders' equity interests in ZD, Inc. As a result, on December 31, 2013, Ziff Davis LLC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of j2 Global, Inc. No further securities are issuable under the Ziff Davis Plan.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
In May of 2001, j2 Global established the j2 Global, Inc. 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (the “Purchase Plan”), which provides for the issuance of a maximum of 2,000,000 shares of common stock. Under the Purchase Plan, eligible employees can have up to 15% of their earnings withheld, up to certain maximums, to be used to purchase shares of j2 Global’s common stock at certain plan-defined dates. The price of the common stock purchased under the Purchase Plan for the offering periods is equal to 95% of the fair market value of the common stock at the end of the offering period. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, 4,020, 5,735 and 5,402 shares, respectively were purchased under the Purchase Plan at price ranging from $73.67 to $54.57 per share during 2015. As of December 31, 2015, 1,630,444 shares were available under the Purchase Plan for future issuance.


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14.
    Defined Contribution 401(k) Savings Plan

j2 Global has two significant 401(k) Savings Plans covering the employees of j2 Global, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary Ziff Davis, Inc. Eligible employees may contribute through payroll deductions. The Company may make annual contributions to the j2 Global 401(k) Savings Plan at the discretion of j2 Global's Board of Directors and employees within the Ziff Davis, Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan receive 50% of the first 4% of eligible compensation with a maximum of 2% of salary. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company accrued $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for contributions to the 401(k) Savings Plans.

15.
    Earnings Per Share
 
The components of basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Numerator for basic and diluted net income per common share:
 

 
 

 
 

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
$
133,636

 
$
124,336

 
$
107,522

Net income available to participating securities (a)
(2,159
)
 
(2,590
)
 
(2,105
)
Net income available to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
131,477

 
121,746

 
105,417

Denominator:
 

 
 

 
 

Weighted-average outstanding shares of common stock
47,627,853

 
46,778,015

 
45,548,767

Dilutive effect of:
 
 
 
 
 

Equity incentive plans
293,911

 
328,523

 
591,252

Convertible debt (b)
165,996

 
—

 
—

Common stock and common stock equivalents
48,087,760

 
47,106,538

 
46,140,019

Net income per share:
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
$
2.76

 
$
2.60

 
$
2.31

Diluted
$
2.73

 
$
2.58

 
$
2.28


(a)
Represents unvested share-based payment awards that contain certain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid).

(b)
Represents the incremental shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes due June 15, 2029 by applying the treasury stock method when the average stock price exceeds the conversion price of the Convertible Notes. (see Note 8 - Long Term Debt)

For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, there were zero options outstanding, respectively, which were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common shares.

16.
    Segment Information

The Company's business segments are based on the organization structure used by management for making operating and investment decisions and for assessing performance. j2 Global's reportable business segments are: (i) Business Cloud Services; and (ii) Digital Media. Segment accounting policies are the same as described in Note 2 - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Policies.

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Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to consolidated income from operations is as follows (in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenue by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
Business Cloud Services
$
504,638

 
$
431,475

 
$
390,104

Digital Media
216,374

 
167,814

 
131,146

Elimination of inter-segment revenues
(197
)
 
(259
)
 
(449
)
Total revenue
720,815

 
599,030

 
520,801

 
 
 
 
Direct costs by segment(1):
 
 
 
 
 
Business Cloud Services
294,436

 
241,592

 
191,169

Digital Media
185,937

 
137,321

 
124,413

Direct costs by segment(1):
480,373

 
378,913

 
315,582

 
 
 
 
 
 
Business Cloud Services operating income
210,202

 
189,883

 
198,935

Digital Media operating income
30,437

 
30,493

 
6,733

Segment operating income
240,639

 
220,376

 
205,668

 
 
 
 
 
 
Global operating costs(2)
41,257

 
34,170

 
30,245

Income from operations
$
199,382

 
$
186,206

 
$
175,423

 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Direct costs for each segment include cost of revenue and other operating expenses that are directly attributable to the segment such as employee compensation expense, local sales and marketing expenses, engineering and operations, depreciation and amortization and other administrative expenses.
(2) Global operating costs include general and administrative and other corporate expenses that are managed on a global basis and that are not directly attributable to any particular segment.


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2015
 
2014
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Business Cloud Services
$
1,018,606

 
$
883,587

  
 
Digital Media
427,647

 
378,381

  
 
Total assets from reportable segments
1,446,253

 
1,261,968

  
 
Corporate
346,615

 
443,234

  
 
Total assets
$
1,792,868

 
$
1,705,202

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Capital expenditures:
 
 
 
 
 
Business Cloud Services
$
7,546

 
$
6,639

 
$
10,979

Digital Media
9,389

 
4,920

 
6,635

Total from reportable segments
$
16,935

 
$
11,559

 
$
17,614

Corporate
362

 
270

 
1,013

Total capital expenditures
$
17,297

 
$
11,829

 
$
18,627

 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
Business Cloud Services
$
62,385

 
$
39,699

 
$
24,148

Digital Media
30,008

 
22,483

 
14,963

Total from reportable segments
92,393

 
62,182

 
39,111

Corporate
820

 
771

 
677

Total depreciation and amortization
$
93,213

 
$
62,953

 
$
39,788


j2 Global maintains operations in the U.S., Canada, Ireland, Japan and other countries. Geographic information about the U.S. and all other countries for the reporting periods is presented below. Such information attributes revenues based on jurisdictions where revenues are reported (in thousands).
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Revenues:
 

 
 

 
 
United States
$
492,682

 
$
403,279

 
$
369,507

Canada
74,864

 
70,434

 
73,130

Ireland
43,717

 
42,979

 
41,398

All other countries
109,552

 
82,338

 
36,766

Total
$
720,815

 
$
599,030

 
$
520,801

 
December 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
Long-lived assets:
 

 
 

United States
$
271,796

 
$
216,099

All other countries
105,477

 
101,107

Total
$
377,273

 
$
317,206


17.
    Consolidating Financial Statements

In connection with the June 2014 Convertible Note issuance, j2 Global, Inc. entered into a supplemental indenture related to the Senior Notes pursuant to which it fully and unconditionally guaranteed, on an unsecured basis, the full and punctual payment of the Senior Notes issued by its wholly owned subsidiary, j2 Cloud Services, Inc. j2 Cloud Services, Inc. is subject to restrictions on dividends in its existing indenture with respect to the Senior Notes. While substantially all of the Company’s assets (other than the net cash proceeds from the issuance of the Convertible Notes) are owned directly or indirectly by j2 Cloud Services, Inc., those

-100-


contractual provisions did not, as of June 30, 2014, meaningfully restrict j2 Cloud Services, Inc.’s ability to pay dividends to j2 Global, Inc.
The following condensed consolidating financial statements present, in separate columns, financial information for (i) j2 Global, Inc. (the “Parent”) on a parent-only basis, (ii) j2 Cloud Services, Inc., (iii) the non-guarantor subsidiaries on a combined basis, (iv) the eliminations and reclassifications necessary to arrive at the information for the Company on a consolidated basis, and (v) the Company on a consolidated basis. The condensed consolidating financial statements are presented in accordance with the equity method. Under this method, the investments in subsidiaries are recorded at cost and adjusted for the Company’s share of subsidiaries’ cumulative results of operations, capital contributions, distributions and other equity changes. Intercompany charges (income) between the Parent and subsidiaries are recognized in the condensed consolidating financial statements during the period incurred and the settlement of intercompany balances is reflected in the condensed consolidating statement of cash flows based on the nature of the underlying transactions. Consolidating adjustments include consolidating and eliminating entries for investments in subsidiaries, intercompany activity and balances.



-101-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2015
(In thousands except share and per share data)

BALANCE SHEET
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
55,516

 
9,975

 
190,039

 
—

 
255,530

Short-term investments
79,595

 
—

 
60

 
—

 
79,655

Accounts receivable, net
—

 
10,679

 
104,131

 
(130
)
 
114,680

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
6,887

 
8,500

 
14,319

 
(3,984
)
 
25,722

Deferred income taxes
—

 
3,316

 
4,413

 
(511
)
 
7,218

Intercompany receivable
117,000

 
174,127

 
—

 
(291,127
)
 
—

Total current assets
258,998

 
206,597

 
312,962

 
(295,752
)
 
482,805

Long-term investments
78,563

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
78,563

Property and equipment, net
—

 
6,557

 
50,885

 
—

 
57,442

Trade names, net
—

 
10,118

 
108,847

 
—

 
118,965

Patent and patent licenses, net
—

 
743

 
18,098

 
—

 
18,841

Customer relationships, net
—

 
1,193

 
196,126

 
—

 
197,319

Goodwill
—

 
56,296

 
751,365

 
—

 
807,661

Other purchased intangibles, net
—

 
4,218

 
13,298

 
—

 
17,516

Investment in subsidiaries
1,051,927

 
1,095,155

 
—

 
(2,147,082
)
 
—

Deferred income taxes
—

 
14,978

 
(14,978
)
 
—

 
—

Other assets
8,219

 
1,167

 
4,370

 
—

 
13,756

Total assets
$
1,397,707

 
$
1,397,022

 
$
1,440,973

 
$
(2,442,834
)
 
$
1,792,868

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
4,573

 
27,976

 
81,965

 
(130
)
 
114,384

Income taxes payable
—

 
9,573

 
—

 
(3,984
)
 
5,589

Deferred revenue, current
—

 
19,530

 
56,574

 
—

 
76,104

Deferred income taxes, current
511

 
—

 
363

 
(511
)
 
363

Capital lease, current
—

 
—

 
214

 
—

 
214

Intercompany payable
121,263

 
—

 
169,864

 
(291,127
)
 
—


-102-


Total current liabilities
126,347

 
57,079

 
308,980

 
(295,752
)
 
196,654

Long-term debt
354,437

 
246,749

 
—

 
—

 
601,186

Capital lease, non-current
—

 
—

 
148

 
—

 
148

Liability for uncertain tax positions
—

 
35,917

 
—

 
—

 
35,917

Deferred income taxes, non-current
24,936

 
—

 
19,053

 
—

 
43,989

Deferred revenue, non-current
—

 
4,667

 
1,871

 
—

 
6,538

Other long-term liabilities
1,779

 
683

 
15,766

 
—

 
18,228

Total liabilities
507,499

 
345,095

 
345,818

 
(295,752
)
 
902,660

Commitments and contingencies
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Preferred stock - Series A, $0.01 par value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Preferred stock - Series B, $0.01 par value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.01 par value
479

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
479

Additional paid-in capital
292,064

 
238,631

 
524,031

 
(762,662
)
 
292,064

Retained earnings
595,216

 
813,058

 
602,935

 
(1,384,420
)
 
626,789

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
2,449

 
238

 
(31,811
)
 
—

 
(29,124
)
Total stockholders’ equity
890,208

 
1,051,927

 
1,095,155

 
(2,147,082
)
 
890,208

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,397,707

 
$
1,397,022

 
$
1,440,973

 
$
(2,442,834
)
 
$
1,792,868


-103-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2014
(In thousands except share and per share data)

BALANCE SHEET
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
226,790

 
36,810

 
170,063

 
—

 
$
433,663

Short-term investments
47,880

 
48,261

 
65

 
—

 
96,206

Accounts receivable, net
—

 
11,167

 
80,532

 
—

 
91,699

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
776

 
12,689

 
9,137

 
—

 
22,602

Deferred income taxes, current
1,271

 
—

 
742

 
—

 
2,013

Intercompany receivable
110,000

 
74,938

 
1,428

 
(186,366
)
 
—

Total current assets
386,717

 
183,865

 
261,967

 
(186,366
)
 
646,183

Long-term investments
55,452

 
5,056

 
—

 
—

 
60,508

Property and equipment, net
—

 
8,011

 
30,206

 
—

 
38,217

Trade names, net
—

 
10,231

 
95,320

 
—

 
105,551

Patent and patent licenses, net
—

 
886

 
24,041

 
—

 
24,927

Customer relationships, net
—

 
2,206

 
161,560

 
—

 
163,766

Goodwill
—

 
52,131

 
583,544

 
—

 
635,675

Other purchased intangibles, net
—

 
4,276

 
13,280

 
—

 
17,556

Investment in subsidiaries
826,289

 
900,681

 
8,716

 
(1,735,686
)
 
—

Other assets
9,328

 
1,368

 
2,123

 
—

 
12,819

Total assets
$
1,277,786

 
$
1,168,711

 
$
1,180,757

 
$
(1,922,052
)
 
$
1,705,202

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
2,834

 
28,414

 
64,062

 
—

 
$
95,310

Deferred revenue, current
—

 
23,091

 
40,366

 
—

 
63,457

Deferred income taxes, current
—

 
—

 
342

 
—

 
342

Capital lease, current
—

 
—

 
258

 
—

 
258

Intercompany payable
76,366

 
—

 
110,000

 
(186,366
)
 
—

Total current liabilities
79,200

 
51,505

 
215,028

 
(186,366
)
 
159,367

Long-term debt
347,163

 
246,187

 
—

 
—

 
593,350


-104-


Capital lease, non-current
—

 
—

 
141

 
—

 
141

Liability for uncertain tax positions
—

 
37,551

 
—

 
—

 
37,551

Deferred income taxes, non-current
21,728

 
(1,837
)
 
42,069

 
—

 
61,960

Deferred revenue, non-current
—

 
8,187

 
1,995

 
—

 
10,182

Other long-term liabilities
744

 
829

 
20,843

 
—

 
22,416

Total liabilities
448,835

 
342,422

 
280,076

 
(186,366
)
 
884,967

Commitments and contingencies
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Preferred stock - Series A, $0.01 par value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Preferred stock - Series B, $0.01 par value
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.01 par value
474

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
474

Additional paid-in capital
273,304

 
232,340

 
421,676

 
(654,016
)
 
273,304

Retained earnings
555,158

 
584,591

 
495,505

 
(1,081,670
)
 
553,584

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
15

 
9,358

 
(16,500
)
 
—

 
(7,127
)
Total stockholders’ equity
828,951

 
826,289

 
900,681

 
(1,735,686
)
 
820,235

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,277,786

 
$
1,168,711

 
$
1,180,757

 
$
(1,922,052
)
 
$
1,705,202


-105-



j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
Year Ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
$
—

 
$
232,768

 
$
554,560

 
$
(66,513
)
 
$
720,815

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
—

 
77,798

 
111,476

 
(66,316
)
 
122,958

Gross profit
—

 
154,970

 
443,084

 
(197
)
 
597,857

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
—

 
39,240

 
119,966

 
(197
)
 
159,009

Research, development and engineering
—

 
14,844

 
19,485

 
—

 
34,329

General and administrative
15,849

 
26,842

 
162,446

 
—

 
205,137

Total operating expenses
15,849

 
80,926

 
301,897

 
(197
)
 
398,475

Income (loss) from operations
(15,849
)
 
74,044

 
141,187

 
—

 
199,382

Equity earnings in Subsidiaries
151,894

 
116,142

 
—

 
(268,036
)
 
—

Interest expense, net
12,227

 
21,276

 
8,955

 
—

 
42,458

Other expense (income), net
(271
)
 
395

 
(119
)
 
—

 
5

Income before income taxes
124,089

 
168,515

 
132,351

 
(268,036
)
 
156,919

Income tax expense (benefit)
(9,547
)
 
16,621

 
16,209

 
—

 
23,283

Net income
$
133,636

 
$
151,894

 
$
116,142

 
$
(268,036
)
 
$
133,636


-106-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
Year Ended December 31, 2014
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
$
—

 
$
227,860

 
$
412,217

 
$
(41,047
)
 
$
599,030

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
—

 
51,391

 
95,386

 
(40,788
)
 
105,989

Gross profit
—

 
176,469

 
316,831

 
(259
)
 
493,041

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and marketing
—

 
36,414

 
105,812

 
(259
)
 
141,967

Research, development and engineering
—

 
14,055

 
16,625

 
—

 
30,680

General and administrative
6,401

 
30,300

 
97,487

 
—

 
134,188

Total operating expenses
6,401

 
80,769

 
219,924

 
(259
)
 
306,835

Income (loss) from operations
(6,401
)
 
95,700

 
96,907

 
—

 
186,206

Equity earnings in Subsidiaries
135,838

 
77,051

 
—

 
(212,889
)
 
—

Interest expense, net
10,442

 
20,478

 
284

 
—

 
31,204

Other expense (income), net
(23
)
 
141

 
(283
)
 
—

 
(165
)
Income before income taxes
119,018

 
152,132

 
96,906

 
(212,889
)
 
155,167

Income tax expense (benefit)
(6,309
)
 
16,294

 
19,855

 
—

 
29,840

Net income
125,327

 
135,838

 
77,051

 
(212,889
)
 
125,327

Less extinguishment of Series A preferred stock
(991
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(991
)
Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
$
124,336

 
$
135,838

 
$
77,051

 
$
(212,889
)
 
$
124,336


-107-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
Year Ended December 31, 2013
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
$
—

 
$
255,413

 
$
369,079

 
$
(103,691
)
 
$
520,801

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
—

 
84,655

 
105,480

 
(103,242
)
 
86,893

Gross profit
—

 
170,758

 
263,599

 
(449
)
 
433,908

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Sales and marketing
—

 
41,555

 
90,211

 
(449
)
 
131,317

Research, development and engineering
—

 
12,977

 
12,508

 
—

 
25,485

General and administrative
—

 
37,634

 
64,049

 
—

 
101,683

Total operating expenses
—

 
92,166

 
166,768

 
(449
)
 
258,485

Income from operations
—

 
78,592

 
96,831

 
—

 
175,423

Equity earnings in Subsidiaries
—

 
61,551

 
—

 
(61,551
)
 
—

Interest expense, net
—

 
9,292

 
11,962

 
—

 
21,254

Other expense (income), net
—

 
(369
)
 
11,841

 
—

 
11,472

Income before income taxes
—

 
131,220

 
73,028

 
(61,551
)
 
142,697

Income tax expense
—

 
23,698

 
11,477

 
—

 
35,175

Net income
$
—

 
$
107,522

 
$
61,551

 
$
(61,551
)
 
$
107,522



-108-



j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Year Ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
133,636

 
$
151,894

 
$
116,142

 
$
(268,036
)
 
$
133,636

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax expense (benefit)
—

 
—

 
(15,058
)
 
—

 
(15,058
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax expense (benefit)
(6,939
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,939
)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(6,939
)
 
—

 
(15,058
)
 
—

 
(21,997
)
Comprehensive income
$
126,697

 
$
151,894

 
$
101,084

 
$
(268,036
)
 
$
111,639



-109-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Year Ended December 31, 2014
(In thousands)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
125,327

 
$
135,838

 
$
77,051

 
$
(212,889
)
 
$
125,327

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax expense (benefit)
—

 
(478
)
 
(14,216
)
 
—

 
(14,694
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax expense (benefit)
15

 
3,307

 
10

 
—

 
3,332

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
15

 
2,829

 
(14,206
)
 
—

 
(11,362
)
Comprehensive income
$
125,342

 
$
138,667

 
$
62,845

 
$
(212,889
)
 
$
113,965


-110-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Year Ended December 31, 2013
(In thousands)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
—

 
$
107,522

 
$
61,551

 
$
(61,551
)
 
$
107,522

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax expense (benefit)
—

 
(43
)
 
121

 
—

 
78

Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax expense (benefit)
—

 
4,249

 
(4
)
 
—

 
4,245

Other comprehensive income, net of tax
—

 
4,206

 
117

 
—

 
4,323

Comprehensive income
$
—

 
$
111,728

 
$
61,668

 
$
(61,551
)
 
$
111,845

Comprehensive income attributable to j2 Global, Inc.
$
—

 
$
111,728

 
$
61,668

 
$
(61,551
)
 
$
111,845



-111-



j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2015
(In thousands)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
$
(29,406
)
 
$
70,905

 
$
187,562

 
$
—

 
$
229,061

Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturity of certificates of deposit
65

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
65

Purchase of certificates of deposit
(62
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(62
)
Maturity of available-for-sale investments
121,687

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
121,687

Purchase of available-for-sale investments
(135,832
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(135,832
)
Purchases of property and equipment
—

 
(1,645
)
 
(15,652
)
 
—

 
(17,297
)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash received
—

 
—

 
(302,809
)
 
—

 
(302,809
)
Purchases of intangible assets
—

 
57

 
(1,512
)
 
—

 
(1,455
)
Investment in subsidiaries
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Intercompany
(53,317
)
 
53,317

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(67,459
)
 
51,729

 
(319,973
)
 
—

 
(335,703
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchases of common and restricted stock
(3,674
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,674
)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
260

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
260

Exercise of stock options
4,958

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,958

Dividends paid
(58,826
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(58,826
)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
4,486

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,486

Deferred payments for acquisitions
—

 
(2,000
)
 
(12,271
)
 
—

 
(14,271
)
Other
—

 
—

 
(296
)
 
—

 
(296
)
Intercompany
(29,835
)
 
(144,516
)
 
174,351

 
—

 
—


-112-


Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(82,631
)
 
(146,516
)
 
161,784

 
—

 
(67,363
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
8,222

 
(2,953
)
 
(9,397
)
 
—

 
(4,128
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
(171,274
)
 
(26,835
)
 
19,976

 
—

 
(178,133
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
226,790

 
36,810

 
170,063

 
—

 
433,663

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
55,516

 
$
9,975

 
$
190,039

 
$
—

 
$
255,530


-113-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2014
(In thousands)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
$
(65
)
 
$
59,544

 
$
117,752

 
$
—

 
$
177,231

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturity of certificates of deposit
—

 
8,210

 
6,310

 
—

 
14,520

Purchase of certificates of deposit
—

 
—

 
(65
)
 
—

 
(65
)
Maturity of available-for-sale investments
40,211

 
53,563

 
16,589

 
—

 
110,363

Purchase of available-for-sale investments
(81,061
)
 
(57,391
)
 
—

 
—

 
(138,452
)
Purchases of property and equipment
—

 
(2,866
)
 
(8,963
)
 
—

 
(11,829
)
Proceeds from sale of assets
—

 
608

 
—

 
—

 
608

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash received
—

 
(2,083
)
 
(243,195
)
 
—

 
(245,278
)
Purchases of intangible assets
—

 
(2,949
)
 
(2,387
)
 
—

 
(5,336
)
Investment in subsidiaries
—

 
(23,821
)
 
—

 
23,821

 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(40,850
)
 
(26,729
)
 
(231,711
)
 
23,821

 
(275,469
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of long-term debt
402,500

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
402,500

Debt issuance cost
(11,991
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(11,991
)
Repurchases of common and restricted stock
(930
)
 
(4,733
)
 
—

 
—

 
(5,663
)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
142

 
123

 
—

 
—

 
265

Exercise of stock options
1,374

 
5,193

 
54

 
—

 
6,621

Dividends paid
(26,967
)
 
(25,302
)
 
—

 
—

 
(52,269
)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
86

 
4,803

 
623

 
—

 
5,512

Deferred payments for acquisitions
—

 
—

 
(16,512
)
 
—

 
(16,512
)
Other
—

 
—

 
(933
)
 
—

 
(933
)
Intercompany
(96,509
)
 
(10,495
)
 
130,825

 
(23,821
)
 
—


-114-


Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
267,705

 
(30,411
)
 
114,057

 
(23,821
)
 
327,530

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
—

 
—

 
(3,430
)
 
—

 
(3,430
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
226,790

 
2,404

 
(3,332
)
 
—

 
225,862

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
—

 
34,406

 
$
173,395

 
$
—

 
207,801

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
226,790

 
$
36,810

 
$
170,063

 
$
—

 
$
433,663


-115-


j2 GLOBAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Year Ended December 31, 2013
(In thousands)

 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
j2 Cloud Services, Inc.
 
Non-guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
j2 Global Consolidated
Net cash provided by operating activities
$
—

 
$
82,291

 
$
111,033

 
$
—

 
$
193,324

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturity of certificates of deposit
—

 
30,270

 
12,345

 
—

 
42,615

Purchase of certificates of deposit
—

 
(16,375
)
 
(5,696
)
 
—

 
(22,071
)
Maturity of available-for-sale investments
—

 
124,745

 
15,381

 
—

 
140,126

Purchase of available-for-sale investments
—

 
(149,748
)
 
(19,153
)
 
—

 
(168,901
)
Purchases of property and equipment
—

 
(6,223
)
 
(12,404
)
 
—

 
(18,627
)
Proceeds from sale of assets
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash received
—

 
(4,043
)
 
(122,298
)
 
—

 
(126,341
)
Purchases of intangible assets
—

 
(3,034
)
 
(11,166
)
 
—

 
(14,200
)
Investment in subsidiaries
—

 
(14,920
)
 
—

 
14,920

 
—

Other
—

 
3,281

 
(3,281
)
 
—

 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
—

 
(36,046
)
 
(146,272
)
 
14,920

 
(167,398
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt issuance costs
—

 
(47
)
 
—

 
—

 
(47
)
Repurchases of common stock and restricted stock
—

 
(4,587
)
 
—

 
—

 
(4,587
)
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan
—

 
213

 
—

 
—

 
213

Exercise of stock options
—

 
13,604

 
—

 
—

 
13,604

Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Dividends paid
—

 
(45,134
)
 
—

 
—

 
(45,134
)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation
—

 
2,695

 
—

 
—

 
2,695

Other
—

 
—

 
(2,437
)
 
—

 
(2,437
)
Intercompany
—

 
(55,295
)
 
70,215

 
(14,920
)
 
—


-116-


Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
—

 
(88,551
)
 
67,778

 
(14,920
)
 
(35,693
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
—

 
—

 
(1,112
)
 
—

 
(1,112
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
—

 
(42,306
)
 
31,427

 
—

 
(10,879
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
—

 
76,712

 
141,968

 
—

 
$
218,680

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
—

 
$
34,406

 
$
173,395

 
$
—

 
$
207,801



-117-


18.
    Supplemental Cash Flows Information

Cash paid for interest during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $33.1 million, $26.6 million and $21.1 million, respectively, substantially all of which related to interest on outstanding debt, foreign taxes and interest on settled acquisition holdback.

Cash paid for income taxes net of refunds received was $42.0 million, $49.5 million and $28.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

The Company acquired property and equipment for $0.6 million, $0.6 million and $0.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, which had not been yet paid at the end of each such year.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, j2 Global recorded the tax benefit from the exercise of stock options and restricted stock as a reduction of its income tax liability of $7.5 million, $10.2 million and $7.1 million, respectively.

In connection with the December 31, 2013 reorganization of Ziff Davis, Inc. into Ziff Davis, LLC, the Company acquired, in a non-cash transaction, all of the minority holders' equity interests in ZD, Inc., which included shares of Ziff Davis, Inc. Series A Preferred Stock and Ziff Davis, Inc. common stock. In this transaction, the Company issued the minority holders an aggregate fair market value of j2 common stock, j2 Series A Preferred Stock and j2 Series B Preferred Stock equal to the fair market value of the minority holders' shares in ZD, Inc. (see Note 12 - Stockholders' Equity). As a result of this reorganization, on December 31, 2013, the Ziff Davis Series A Preferred Stock and Ziff Davis common stock was extinguished, resulting in loss on extinguishment of debt and related interest expense of $14.4 million within the consolidated statement of income, in accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.

19.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated balances of other comprehensive income, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):
 
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2014
$
6,056

 
$
(1,821
)
 
$
4,235

     Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
3,346

 
(14,694
)
 
(11,348
)
     Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
(14
)
 
—

 
(14
)
Net increase in other comprehensive income
3,332

 
(14,694
)
 
(11,362
)
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
9,388

 
$
(16,515
)
 
$
(7,127
)
     Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
(6,769
)
 
(15,058
)
 
(21,827
)
     Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
(170
)
 
—

 
(170
)
Net increase (decrease) in other comprehensive income
(6,939
)
 
(15,058
)
 
(21,997
)
Balance as of December 31, 2015
$
2,449

 
$
(31,573
)
 
$
(29,124
)

-118-



The following table provides details about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components
 
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Affected Line Item in the Statement of Income
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2015
 
Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments
 
$
(274
)
 
$
(23
)
 
Other expense (income), net
 
 
(274
)
 
(23
)
 
Total, before income taxes
 
 
104

 
9

 
Income tax expense (benefit)
 
 
(170
)
 
(14
)
 
Total, net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period
 
$
(170
)
 
$
(14
)
 
Total, net of tax


-119-


20.
    Quarterly Results (unaudited)

The following tables contain selected unaudited statement of income information for each quarter of 2015 and 2014 (in thousands, except share and per share data). j2 Global believes that the following information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2015
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
First
Quarter
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
$
204,823

 
$
178,701

 
$
176,038

 
$
161,253

Gross profit
 
170,215

 
 
148,032

 
 
146,544

 
 
133,067

Net income
 
35,467

 
 
37,375

 
 
38,916

 
 
21,877

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
 
35,467

 
 
37,375

 
 
38,916

 
 
21,877

Net income per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.73

 
$
0.77

 
$
0.81

 
$
0.45

Diluted
$
0.72

 
$
0.77

 
$
0.80

 
$
0.45

Weighted average shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
47,849,748

 
 
47,696,224

 
 
47,537,597

 
 
47,422,396

Diluted
 
48,772,061

 
 
47,953,871

 
 
47,853,574

 
 
47,766,088

 
 
 
Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
First
Quarter
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

Revenues
$
167,144

 
$
153,018

 
$
144,744

 
$
134,124

Gross profit
 
138,145

 
 
124,974

 
 
119,186

 
 
110,736

Net income
 
32,754

 
 
28,759

 
 
35,049

 
 
28,765

Net income attributable to j2 Global, Inc. common shareholders
 
31,763

 
 
28,759

 
 
35,049

 
 
28,765

Net income per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.66

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.73

 
$
0.61

Diluted
$
0.66

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.73

 
$
0.60

Weighted average shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
47,146,503

 
 
46,845,477

 
 
46,745,596

 
 
46,365,158

Diluted
 
47,468,841

 
 
47,163,912

 
 
47,067,767

 
 
46,765,732


21.
Unrestricted Subsidiaries (unaudited)

As of December 31, 2015, the Company's Board of Directors had designated the following entities as “Unrestricted Subsidiaries” under the indenture governing j2 Cloud Services' Senior Notes:

Ziff Davis, LLC and subsidiaries.
Advanced Messaging Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries

The financial position and results of operations of these Unrestricted Subsidiaries are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements.

-120-



As required by the indenture governing j2 Cloud Services' Senior Notes, information sufficient to ascertain the financial condition and results of operations excluding the Unrestricted Subsidiaries must be presented. Accordingly, the Company is presenting the following tables.

The consolidated financial position of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
16,482

 
$
27,944

Accounts receivable
79,283

 
57,005

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
5,437

 
2,986

Deferred income taxes, current
3,382

 
5,292

Total current assets
104,584

 
93,227

Property and equipment, net
25,353

 
12,834

Trade names, net
73,034

 
70,310

Patent and patent licenses, net
18,071

 
24,007

Customer relationships, net
68,317

 
55,925

Goodwill
304,943

 
245,613

Other purchased intangibles, net
7,810

 
8,901

Deferred income taxes, non-current
2,373

 
—

Other assets
—

 
1,706

Total assets
$
604,485

 
$
512,523

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 

 
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
$
88,580

 
$
40,296

Income taxes payable
—

 
316

Deferred revenue, current
6,554

 
5,277

Total current liabilities
95,134

 
45,889

Long-term debt
155,000

 
110,000

Deferred income taxes, non-current
11,270

 
17,397

Other long-term liabilities
13,546

 
16,243

Total liabilities
274,950

 
189,529

Additional paid-in capital
319,728

 
317,932

Retained earnings
11,552

 
6,051

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(1,745
)
 
(989
)
Total stockholders’ equity
329,535

 
322,994

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
604,485

 
$
512,523


-121-


The consolidated results of operations of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 are as follows (in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Revenues
$
217,778

 
$
169,065

 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
21,749

 
19,028

Gross profit
196,029

 
150,037

Operating expenses:
 

 
 
Sales and marketing
78,176

 
68,057

Research, development and engineering
8,134

 
5,485

General and administrative
87,161

 
52,768

Total operating expenses
173,471

 
126,310

Income from operations
22,558

 
23,727

Other income (expenses):
 
 
 
      Interest expense, net
11,179

 
821

      Other expense (income), net
290

 
347

Income before income taxes
11,089

 
22,559

Income tax expense
5,588

 
4,883

Net income
5,501

 
17,676

Less net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

Net income attributable to common stockholders
$
5,501

 
$
17,676


22.
    Subsequent Events
 
On January 22, 2016, in a cash transaction, the Company acquired certain assets of Yotta280, Inc., a Florida based provider of backup and disaster recovery services.

On January 27, 2016, in a cash transaction, the Company acquired certain assets of Mailout Interactive Inc., a Canada based provider of email services.

On February 10, 2016, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.3250 per share of common stock payable on March 10, 2016 to all stockholders of record as of the close of business on February 23, 2016. In addition, the Company's Board of Directors extended the Company's share repurchase program set to expire February 20, 2016 to February 20, 2017.

On February 17, 2016, in a cash transaction, the Company acquired certain assets of VaultLogix LLC., a Maine based provider of cloud data backup services.





-122-


Item 9. Changes In And Disagreements With Accountants On Accounting And Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company's reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, j2 Global’s management, with the participation of Nehemia Zucker, our principal executive officer, and R. Scott Turicchi, our principal financial officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, Mr. Zucker and Mr. Turicchi concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

j2 Global’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) for j2 Global. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, management has conducted an assessment, including testing, using the criteria in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) using the 2013 framework. Our system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Based on its assessment, management has concluded that j2 Global’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015. Management did not assess the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of all the 2015 acquisitions (see Note 3 - Business Acquisitions) because of the timing of these acquisitions. These acquisitions combined constituted approximately 17% of total assets as of December 31, 2015 and approximately 7% of revenues for the year then ended. Our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 have been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in the attestation report which is included herein.

(c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) which occurred during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


-123-


(d) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


Board of Directors and Stockholders
j2 Global, Inc.
Los Angeles, California

We have audited j2 Global, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). J2 Global, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

As indicated in the accompanying Item 9A, Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of the 2015 acquisitions, which are included in the consolidated balance sheet of j2 Global, Inc. as of December 31, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. These acquisitions combined constituted approximately 17% of total assets as of December 31, 2015, and approximately 7% of revenues for the year then ended. Management did not assess the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of 2015 acquisitions because of the timing of these acquisitions. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of j2 Global, Inc. also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of the 2015 acquisitions.

In our opinion, j2 Global, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of j2 Global, Inc. as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended and our report dated February 29, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.


/s/ BDO USA, LLP
Los Angeles, California
February 29, 2016

-124-


Item 9B. Other Information

None.

PART III

Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information to be set forth in our proxy statement (“2015 Proxy Statement”) for the 2015 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information to be set forth in our 2015 Proxy Statement.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information to be set forth in our 2015 Proxy Statement.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information to be set forth in our 2015 Proxy Statement.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information to be set forth in our 2015 Proxy Statement.

PART IV

Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) 1. Financial Statements.

The following financial statements are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Statements of Income
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

2.   Financial Statement Schedule
 
The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
 
Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

3.   Exhibits

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The following exhibits are filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K or are incorporated herein by reference as indicated below (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K). We shall furnish copies of exhibits for a reasonable fee (covering the expense of furnishing copies) upon request.


Exhibit No. Exhibit Title
2.1
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 10, 2014, by and among j2 Global, Inc., j2 Global Holdings, Inc. and j2 Cloud Services, Inc. (10)
3.1    Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of j2 Global, Inc., dated as of June 10, 2014 (10)
3.2 Second Amended and Restated By-Laws (14)
4.1 Specimen of Common Stock Certificate (8)
4.2.1 Indenture, dated as of July 26, 2012 (9)
4.2.2    First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 10, 2014 (10)
4.2.3    Indenture, dated as of June 10, 2014 (11)
4.2.4     First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 17, 2014 (12)
4.3     Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2012, by and between j2 Global, Inc. and Merrill Lynch,
Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (9)
10.1 j2 Global, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan (3)
10.1.1 Amendment No. 1 to j2 Global, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan (6)
10.2 j2 Global, Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (7)
10.3    j2 Global, Inc. 2015 Stock Plan (13)
10.4 Amended and Restated j2 Global, Inc. 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (5)
10.5 Letter Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2001, between j2 Global, Inc. and Orchard Capital Corporation (2)
10.5.1 Amendment to Letter Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2001, between j2 Global, Inc.
and Orchard Capital Corporation (4)
10.6 Employment Agreement, dated as of March 21, 1997, between j2 Global Inc. and Nehemia Zucker (1)
10.7
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 30, 1998, by and among JFAX Communications, Inc., the Delaware State Employees' Retirement Fund, the Declaration of Trust for Defined Benefit Plan of ICI American Holdings Inc., the Declaration of Trust for Defined Benefit Plan of Zeneca Holdings Inc., the J.W. McConnell Family Foundation, DCJ Fund Investment Partners II, L.P., DLJ Capital Corporation, GMT Partners, LLC, Orchard/JFAX Investors, L.L.C. and DLJ Private Equity Employees Fund, L.P. (1)
21.1          List of subsidiaries of j2 Global, Inc.
23.1          Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – BDO USA, LLP
23.2          Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – SingerLewak, LLP
31.1          Certification by Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2          Certification by Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1          Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section
1350
101.INS      XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
_______________________

(1)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed with the Commission on April 16, 1999,
Registration No. 333-76477.
(2)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the Commission on April 30, 2001.
(3)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Amended Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July
17, 2001, Registration No. 333-55402.
(4)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission on April 1, 2002.
(5)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on May 3, 2006.
(6)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the Commission on March 12, 2007.
(7)    Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to j2 Global’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission
on September 18, 2007.
(8)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 7, 2011.
(9)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on July 27, 2012.

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(10)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 10, 2014.
(11)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Registration Statement on Form S-3ASR filed with the Commission on June 10,
2014, Registration No. 333-196640.
(12)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on June 17, 2014.
(13)    Incorporated by reference to Annex A to j2 Global’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission
on March 26, 2015.
(14)    Incorporated by reference to j2 Global’s Current Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on May
6, 2015.

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SIGNATURE


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 29, 2016.
 
 
j2 Global, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ NEHEMIA ZUCKER
 
 
 
Nehemia Zucker
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer 
 
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated, in each case on February 29, 2016.
Signature
 
Title
 
 
 
   /s/    NEHEMIA ZUCKER
 
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Nehemia Zucker
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    R. SCOTT TURICCHI
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
R. Scott Turicchi
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    STEVE P. DUNN
 
Chief Accounting Officer
Steve P. Dunn
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    RICHARD S. RESSLER
 
Chairman of the Board and a Director
Richard S. Ressler
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    DOUGLAS Y. BECH
 
Director
Douglas Y. Bech
 
 
 
 
 
   /s/    ROBERT J. CRESCI
 
Director
Robert J. Cresci
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    WILLIAM B. KRETZMER
 
Director
William B. Kretzmer
 
 
 
 
 
   /s/    STEPHEN ROSS
 
Director
Stephen Ross
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    JON MILLER
 
Director
Jon Miller
 
 

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SCHEDULE II - VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In thousands)

Description
 
Balance at
Beginning
of Period
 
Additions:
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
 
Deductions:
Write-offs (1)
and recoveries
 
Balance
at End
of Period
Year Ended December 31, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
$
3,685

 
$
6,873

 
$
(6,297
)
 
$
4,261

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
 
$
11,358

 
$
6,959

 
$
(4,075
)
 
$
14,242

Year Ended December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
$
4,105

 
$
4,702

 
$
(5,122
)
 
$
3,685

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
 
$
8,493

 
$
4,381

 
$
(1,516
)
 
$
11,358

Year Ended December 31, 2013:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
$
3,213

 
$
3,134

 
$
(2,242
)
 
$
4,105

Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
 
$
5,918

 
$
3,661

 
$
(1,086
)
 
$
8,493



______________________

(1)     Represents specific amounts written off that were considered to be uncollectible.





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