UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 1 to
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
INNODATA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
13-3475943 (I.R.S. Employer identification number) |
Three University Plaza
Hackensack, New Jersey 07601
(201) 371-8000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive office)
Amy R. Agress
Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Innodata Inc.
Three University Plaza
Hackensack, New Jersey 07601
(201) 371-8000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copy to:
Oscar D. Folger
Folger & Folger
151 W. 46th Street, 4th floor
New York, NY 10036-8512
(212) 697-7300
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. o
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box þ
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ¨ | Accelerated filer þ |
| Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company ¨ |
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
| Title of Each Class of Securities To Be Registered (1);(2) | Amount
to be Registered/Proposed Price (1) | Amount of Registration Fee (3);(4) | ||||||
| Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | ||||||||
| Preferred Stock | ||||||||
| Debt Securities | ||||||||
| Warrants | ||||||||
| Units | ||||||||
| Total | $ | 70,000,000 | $ | 7,049 | ||||
| (1) | The proposed maximum offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities hereunder and is not specified as to each class of securities to be registered hereunder pursuant to General Instruction II (D) to Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| (2) | Includes an indeterminate number of securities that may be issued in primary offerings or upon exercise, conversion or exchange of any securities registered hereunder that provide for exercise, conversion or exchange, which together shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $70,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with the other securities registered hereunder. |
| (3) | The registration fee has been calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| (4) | Pursuant to Rule 457(p) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, unused filing fees of $8,022 have already been paid with respect to unsold securities that were previously registered pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-182114) filed by Innodata Inc. on June 14, 2012, and have been carried forward and offset against the registration fee of $7,049 due from the registrant for this registration statement. |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
Innodata Inc. (the “Company”) is filing this Amendment No. 1 to its Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-207524) to provide the disclosure required by Instruction 7 to General Instruction I.B.6. on the outside front cover of the prospectus and to include an updated Exhibit 23.1 consent of Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion, dated October 20, 2015
PROSPECTUS
INNODATA INC.
$70,000,000
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
We may from time to time offer and sell any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants described in this prospectus, either individually or in units, in one or more offerings. The aggregate initial offering price of all securities sold under this prospectus will not exceed $70,000,000. The preferred stock, debt securities and warrants may be convertible into or exercisable for our common or preferred stock.
This prospectus provides a general description of the securities we may offer. The specific terms of any securities to be offered will be described in a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the terms of the securities.
We may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, on a continued or delayed basis.
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “INOD.”
The aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates on October 19, 2015 was approximately $54,011,769, based on 25,484,271 shares of outstanding common stock, of which 24,220,524 shares are held by non-affiliates, and a price of $2.23 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock as quoted by the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 19, 2015. We have not offered any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 during the prior 12 calendar month period that ends on and includes the date of this prospectus.
Investing in the securities involves risks. See “Risk Factors” on page 4 of this prospectus as well as references to risk factors in any one or more prospectus supplements. Before buying the securities, you should read and consider the risk factors included in our periodic reports and in other information that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell any of our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is __________, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell from time to time shares of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, units, or any combination thereof, in one or more offerings in amounts, at prices and on terms that we determine at the time of the offering, with an aggregate initial offering price of up to $70,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities. Each time we offer the securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that describes the terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement also may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement.
Before making an investment decision, you should read carefully both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus as described below under the heading “Incorporation by Reference.” The registration statement that contains this prospectus, including the exhibits to the registration statement and the information incorporated by reference, provides additional information about us and our securities. The registration statement can be read at the SEC web site (www.sec.gov) or at the SEC public reference room as discussed below under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”
You should rely only on the information that we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement that we may authorize to be provided to you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information in addition to or different from that contained in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement that we may authorize to be provided to you. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representation. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We will not make an offer to sell our securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement, as well as information we have previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and incorporated herein by reference, is accurate as of the date on the front of those documents only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of our securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
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Unless otherwise mentioned or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this prospectus to “the Company,” “Innodata,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or similar references mean Innodata Inc., a Delaware corporation and its subsidiaries.
Innodata is a global digital services and solutions company. Our technology and services power leading information products and online retail destinations around the world. Our solutions help prestigious enterprises harness the power of digital data to re-imagine how they operate and drive performance. We serve publishers, media and information companies, digital retailers, banks, insurance companies, government agencies and many other industries. We take a “technology-first” approach, applying advanced technologies in innovative ways. Founded in 1988, we comprise a team of 5,000 diverse people in eight countries who are dedicated to delivering services and solutions that help the world make better decisions.
The Company operates in three reporting segments: Content Services (CS), Innodata Advanced Data Solutions (IADS) and Media Intelligence Solutions (MIS).
Our CS segment provides solutions to digital retailers, information services companies, publishers and enterprises that have one or more of the following broad business requirements: development of digital content (including e-books); development of new digital information products; and operational support of existing digital information products and systems. By blending consulting, technology and operations sourcing, along with deep domain expertise, we provide measurable outcomes for publishing companies, information services companies and enterprises through business transformation, accelerating innovation and efficient operations.
Our IADS segment operates through our Synodex and docGenix subsidiaries. The main focus of the Syndoex business is the extraction and classification of data from unstructured medical records in an innovative way to provide improved data service capabilities for insurance underwriting, insurance claims, medical records management and clinical trial support services. The main focus of the docGenix business is the extraction of data from unstructured legal documents in order to improve an organizations ability to analyze documentation and feed actionable data to downstream applications.
Our MIS segment operates through our MediaMiser and Bulldog Reporter subsidiaries. MediaMiser provides media monitoring and analysis software and professional services. Bulldog Reporter supplies media intelligence news and analysis to public relations and corporate communications professionals with the mission of helping these practitioners achieve competitive performance.
For a description of our business, financial condition, results of operations and other important information regarding Innodata, we refer you to our filings with the SEC that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. For instructions on how to find copies of these documents, see the section under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.” More information about us is also available through our website at www.innodata.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement.
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Our principal executive offices are located at Three University Plaza, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601. Our telephone number is (201) 371-8000.
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference contain “forward-looking statements” of Innodata within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties and other factors relate to, among other things:
| · | that contracts may be terminated by clients; |
| · | projected or committed volumes of work may not materialize; |
| · | our Innodata Advanced Data Solutions (“IADS”) segment is a venture formed in 2011 with minimal revenue to date, that has incurred losses since inception and has recorded impairment charges for all of its fixed assets; |
| · | we currently intend to continue to invest in IADS; |
| · | the primarily at-will nature of contracts with our Content Services clients and the ability of these clients to reduce, delay or cancel projects; |
| · | continuing Content Services segment revenue concentration in a limited number of clients; |
| · | continuing Content Services segment reliance on project-based work; |
| · | inability to replace projects that are completed, canceled or reduced; |
| · | difficulty in integrating and deriving synergies from acquisitions, joint venture and strategic investments; |
| · | potential undiscovered liabilities of companies that we may acquire; |
| · | depressed market conditions; |
| · | changes in external market factors; |
| · | the ability and willingness of our clients and prospective clients to execute business plans which give rise to requirements for our services; |
| · | changes in our business or growth strategy; |
| · | the emergence of new or growing competitors; and |
| · | various other competitive and technological factors; |
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Words such as “project,” “estimate”, “head start,” "believe," "expect," “should,” "anticipate," "indicate," "point to," “forecast,” “likely” and other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
Further, any forward-looking statement made by us herein and in the documents incorporated by reference herein, or elsewhere, speaks only as of the date on which we make it. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements herein or therein after the date hereof or thereof, except as required by federal securities laws.
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and all of the other information contained in this prospectus and incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including our financial statements and related notes, before investing in our securities. If any of the possible events described in those sections actually occur, our business, business prospects, cash flow, results of operations or financial condition could be harmed. In this case, the trading price of our common stock or the value of our securities could decrease, and you might lose all or part of your investment in our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our operations and results.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us for general corporate purposes, including, among other things, working capital, new product development initiatives and/or capital expenditures, which may include expansion of our facilities. We may also use such proceeds to fund acquisitions, technologies or product lines that complement our current business. However, we do not have agreements or commitments for any specific acquisitions at this time.
The amount and timing of our use of proceeds will depend on several factors, including the extent and timing of cash collections of revenue and the amount of net cash used by our operations. Pending their uses, we plan to invest the net proceeds of this offering in short- and intermediate-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
For the five fiscal years ended December 31, 2014, we had no fixed charges and no shares of preferred stock for which we are required to make dividend payments. Accordingly, we have no ratio of earnings to fixed charges, and no ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends, to illustrate for this period.
The following summary of the terms of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), and our Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”), copies of which are filed as exhibits to our SEC reports previously filed by us. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”
Certain provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, Stockholder Rights Plan and Bylaws may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in our control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. Therefore, these provisions could adversely affect the price of our common stock or the value of our securities.
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General
Our authorized capital stock consists of (i) 75,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share; (ii) 100,000 shares of Series C participating preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series C Preferred Stock”); and (ii) 4,900,000 shares of preferred stock. Our board of directors authorized our Series C Preferred Stock in connection with the adoption of the Stockholder Rights Plan described below. We redeemed all shares of our Series A preferred stock and Series B preferred stock in December 1996.
As of September 30, 2015, there were outstanding 25,484,271 shares of common stock and options to purchase 3,390,146 additional shares of common stock. No shares of preferred stock were outstanding on that date.
Description of our Common Stock
General
Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, and do not have cumulative voting rights. Pursuant to our Bylaws, a majority of the shares entitled to vote thereat constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders for the transaction of any business. The holders of common stock are entitled to receive equally on a per share basis such lawful dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our business, after payments to creditors and the holders of any senior securities, the holders of common stock will be entitled to receive pro rata all of our remaining assets available for distribution to our stockholders. The common stock has no preemptive, redemption, conversion or subscription rights. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. The shares of common stock to be issued by us in any offering, when issued in consideration of payment, will be fully paid and non-assessable.
Stockholder Rights Plan
On December 27, 2012, our Board of Directors declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (each, a “Right,” and collectively, the “Rights”) for each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock on January 14, 2013. The description and terms of the Rights are set forth in a Rights Agreement between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., as rights agent, dated as of December 27, 2012 (the “Rights Agreement”). Each Right entitles its holder to purchase, under certain conditions, one one-thousandth of a share of Series C Participating Preferred Stock (“Preferred Stock”). Each one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock has substantially the same rights as one share of the Company’s common stock. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Rights Agreement, Rights become exercisable ten days after the public announcement that a “Person” has become an “Acquiring Person” (as each such term is defined in the Rights Agreement) by obtaining beneficial ownership of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock, or, if earlier, ten business days (or a later date determined by the Board of Directors before any Person becomes an Acquiring Person) after a Person begins a tender or exchange offer which, if completed, would result in that Person becoming an Acquiring Person. Any Rights held by an Acquiring Person are void and may not be exercised.
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If a Person becomes an Acquiring Person, all holders of Rights, except the Acquiring Person, may purchase at the Right’s then-current exercise price, the Company’s common stock having a market value equal to twice the exercise price. Moreover, at any time after a Person becomes an Acquiring Person (unless such Person acquires 50 percent or more of the common stock of the Company then outstanding, as more fully described in the Rights Agreement), the Board of Directors may exchange one share of the Company’s common stock for each outstanding Right (other than rights owned by such Person, which would have become void). In addition, if the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction after a Person becomes an Acquiring Person, all holders of Rights, except the Acquiring Person, may purchase at the Right’s then-current exercise price, a number of the acquiring Company’s common stock having a market value of twice the exercise price. If the Company receives a “qualifying offer” (which includes certain all-cash fully financed tender offers or exchange offers for all of the Company’s outstanding common stock), under certain circumstances, holders of 10 percent of the Company’s outstanding common stock (excluding stock held by the offeror and its affiliates and associates) may direct the Board of Directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to consider a resolution exempting such “qualifying offer” from the Rights Agreement. The Rights themselves have no voting power. The Board of Directors may redeem the Rights at an initial redemption price of $0.001 per Right under certain circumstances set forth in the Rights Agreement.
The Rights Agreement was approved by the Company’s stockholders at the 2013 annual meeting. The Rights will expire on January 13, 2016 unless earlier redeemed or exchanged.
The Rights Agreement and related documents are attached as exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K that we filed with SEC on January 2, 2013. The foregoing brief description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement and related documents.
Delaware Anti-Takeover Law
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Section 203 generally prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:
| · | prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; |
| · | the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding (a) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (b) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or |
| · | on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. |
Section 203 generally defines a business combination to include:
| · | any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; |
| · | any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition involving the interested stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation; |
| · | subject to exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested stockholder; and |
| · | the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans, advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or through the corporation. |
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In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or controlled by the entity or person.
Special Meetings of Stockholders; Notice Requirements
Our Bylaws provide that the Chairman of our board of directors, a majority of our board of directors and our Chief Executive Officer each have the power able to call a special meeting of stockholders, and that stockholders do not have the power to call a special meeting of stockholders. Our Bylaws also provide that stockholders may propose nominees for election of directors, or propose other actions at annual or special meetings of stockholders, only if the stockholders give to us advance notice in the manner provided in the Bylaws. These notice procedures may prevent a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of stockholder proposals. This could deter a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposals, without regard to whether consideration of such nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to us and our stockholders.
Directors’ Liability; Indemnification of Directors and Officers
The Company is a Delaware corporation. Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any persons who are, or are threatened to be made, parties to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, other than an action by or in the right of such corporation, by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful. Section 145 of the DGCL further authorizes a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any indemnified person against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any indemnified capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, regardless of whether the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him or her under the DGCL.
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that we will indemnify our directors and officers, and the directors and officers of our subsidiaries, to the maximum extent permitted by law. Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides that a director, or former director, shall not be liable to us or to any of our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, it being provided that such indemnity provision does not eliminate or limit the liability of a director: (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to us or to our stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, pertaining to the liability of directors for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchase or redemption; or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Our Bylaws provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, or as otherwise set forth in an indemnification agreement entered into between us and an officer or director. Furthermore, we have entered into agreements with our directors in which we agreed to indemnify the director to the maximum extent permitted by law. We also maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.
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Stock Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
Description of Preferred Stock
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that our board of directors is authorized from time to time to issue up to an aggregate of 4,900,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Our board of directors is also authorized, subject to the limitations prescribed by Delaware law, to establish the number of shares to be included in each series and to fix the designations, preferences, rights and any qualifications, limitations or restrictions of the shares of any series, including the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, redemption terms and prices and liquidation preferences of shares constituting any series, as shall be determined by our board of directors in a resolution providing for the issuance of such preferred stock. As a result, the issuance of such preferred stock may adversely affect the voting or other rights of holders of common stock. No shares of preferred stock were outstanding as of October 20, 2015. The issuance of preferred stock or of rights to purchase preferred stock could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, a controlling interest in our Company.
We will describe the specific terms of a particular series of preferred stock in the prospectus supplement relating to that series. The description of preferred stock above and the description of the terms of a particular series of preferred stock in the prospectus supplement are not complete. You should refer to the applicable certificate of designation for complete information. The prospectus supplement will also contain a description of U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the preferred stock.
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
The following is a summary of the general terms of the debt securities. We will file a prospectus supplement or term sheet that will contain additional terms when we issue debt securities. The terms presented here, together with the terms in a related prospectus supplement or term sheet, will be a description of the material terms of the debt securities. You should also read the indenture under which the debt securities are to be issued and the form of debt securities. Such indenture may be supplemented from time to time. We have filed a form of indenture governing different types of debt securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. All capitalized terms have the meanings specified in the indenture.
We may issue, from time to time, debt securities, in one or more series. The debt securities we offer will be issued under an indenture between us and the trustee named in the indenture. These debt securities that we may issue include senior debt securities, senior subordinated debt securities, subordinated debt securities, convertible debt securities and exchangeable debt securities. The following is a summary of certain provisions of the form of the indenture filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. For each series of debt securities, the applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet for the series may change and supplement the summary below.
General Terms of the Indenture
The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us. For each series of debt securities, any restrictive covenants for those debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet for those debt securities.
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We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as “discount securities,” which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may, for United States federal income tax purposes, be treated as if they were issued with “original issue discount,” or OID, because of interest payment and other characteristics. Special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with original issue discount will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet.
You should refer to the prospectus supplement or term sheet relating to a particular series of debt securities for a description of the following terms of the debt securities offered by that prospectus supplement or term sheet and by this prospectus:
| · | the title and authorized denominations of those debt securities; |
| · | the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities and any limit on the aggregate principal amount of that series of debt securities; |
| · | the date or dates on which principal and premium, if any, of the debt securities of that series are payable; |
| · | the interest rate or rates, and the dates from which interest, if any, on the debt securities of that series will accrue, and the dates when interest is payable or the method by which such dates are to be determined; |
| · | the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of the extensions; |
| · | if the amount of payments of principal or interest is to be determined by reference to an index or formula, or based on a coin or currency other than that in which the debt securities are stated to be payable, the manner in which these amounts are determined and the calculation agent, if any, with respect thereto; |
| · | the place or places where and the manner in which principal of, premium, if any, and interest, if any, on the debt securities of that series will be payable and the place or places where those debt securities may be presented for transfer and, if applicable, conversion or exchange; |
| · | the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, the currency or currencies in which, and other terms and conditions upon which those debt securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at our option or the option of a holder of those securities, if we or a holder is to have that option; |
| · | our obligation or right, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase those debt securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of a holder of those securities, and the terms and conditions upon which the debt securities will be redeemed, repaid or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to that obligation; |
| · | the terms, if any, on which the debt securities of that series will be subordinate in right and priority of payment to our other debt; |
| · | if other than the entire principal amount of the debt securities when issued, the portion of the principal amount payable upon acceleration of maturity as a result of a default on our obligations or how this portion will be determined; |
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| · | whether those debt securities will be issued in fully registered form without coupons or in a form registered as to principal only with coupons or in bearer form with coupons; |
| · | whether any securities of that series are to be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities and the depositary for those global securities; |
| · | if other than United States dollars, the currency or currencies in which payment of principal of or any premium or interest on those debt securities will be payable; |
| · | if the principal of or any premium or interest on the debt securities of that series is to be payable, or is to be payable at our election or the election of a holder of those securities, in securities or other property, the type and amount of those securities or other property, or the manner of determining that amount, and the period or periods within which, and the terms and conditions upon which, any such election may be made; |
| · | any provisions granting special rights to the holders of debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events; |
| · | the events of default and covenants relating to the debt securities that are in addition to, modify or delete those described in this prospectus; |
| · | conversion or exchange provisions, if any, including conversion or exchange prices or rates and adjustments thereto; |
| · | whether and upon what terms the debt securities may be defeased, if different from the provisions set forth in the indenture; |
| · | the nature and terms of any security for any secured debt securities; |
| · | the terms applicable to any debt securities issued at a discount from their stated principal amount; and |
| · | any other specific terms of any debt securities. |
The applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet will present any material United States federal income tax considerations for holders of any debt securities and the securities exchange or quotation system on which any debt securities are to be listed or quoted.
Conversion or Exchange Rights
Debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our equity securities or other securities. The terms and conditions of conversion or exchange will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet. The terms will include, among others, the following:
| · | the conversion or exchange ratio (or the calculation method); |
| · | the conversion or exchange period (or how the period will be determined); |
| · | provisions regarding our ability or the ability of any holder to convert or exchange the debt securities; |
| · | events requiring adjustment to the conversion or exchange ratio; and |
| · | provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of our redemption of the debt securities. |
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These terms may also include provisions under which the number or amount of other securities to be received by the holders of the debt securities upon conversion or exchange would be calculated according to the market price of the other securities as of a time stated in the prospectus supplement or term sheet.
Reopening of Issue
We may, from time to time, reopen an issue of debt securities and issue additional debt securities with the same terms (including maturity date and interest rate) as debt securities issued on an earlier date. After such additional debt securities are issued, they will be fungible with the debt securities issued on the earlier date to the extent specified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale
We cannot consolidate with or merge with or into, convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of our properties and assets to, any person, unless we are the continuing or successor company or unless the successor entity or person to which our properties and assets are transferred or leased is organized under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia and expressly assumes by a supplemental indenture the due and punctual payment of the principal of, any premium on and any interest on, all the outstanding debt securities and the performance of every covenant and obligation in the indenture to be performed by us. In addition, we cannot complete such a transaction unless immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no event of default under the indenture, and no event that, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default under the indenture, has occurred and is continuing. When the successor entity or person to whom our assets are transferred or leased has assumed our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture, we will be discharged from all our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture except in limited circumstances.
This covenant would not apply to any recapitalization transaction, a change of control affecting us or a highly leveraged transaction, unless the transaction or change of control were structured to include a merger or consolidation or transfer or lease of all or substantially all of our properties and assets.
Events of Default
The indenture provides that the following will be “events of default” with respect to any series of debt securities:
| · | failure to pay interest for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable; provided, however, that a valid extension of the interest payment period in accordance with the indenture will not constitute a failure to pay interest; |
| · | failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on any debt security when due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise and, in the case of technical or administrative difficulties, only if such default persists for a period of more than three business days; |
| · | failure to perform other covenants contained in the indenture for the benefit of the debt securities for 75 days after notice is given by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series or by the trustee as specified in the indenture; |
| · | certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization relating to us; or |
| · | any other event of default provided in the applicable officer’s certificate, resolution of our board of directors or the supplemental indenture under which we issue a series of debt securities. |
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An event of default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an event of default for any other series of debt securities issued under the indenture. For each series of debt securities, any modifications to the above events of default will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet for those debt securities.
The indenture provides that if an event of default occurs and is continuing with respect to any series of debt securities, either the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may declare the principal amount of all those debt securities (or, in the case of discount securities or indexed securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) to be due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the fourth bullet above occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all those debt securities (or, in the case of discount securities or indexed securities, that portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series) will be due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act on the part of the trustee or any holder. In certain cases, holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may, on behalf of holders of all those debt securities, rescind and annul a declaration of acceleration.
The indenture imposes limitations on suits brought by holders of debt securities against us. Except for actions to receive payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, no holder of debt securities of any series may institute any action against us under the indenture unless:
| · | the holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of a default and continuance of such default; |
| · | the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series have requested that the trustee institute the action; |
| · | the requesting holders have offered the trustee indemnity for the reasonable costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by bringing the action; |
| · | the trustee has not instituted the action within 60 days of the request and offer of indemnity; and |
| · | the trustee has not received inconsistent direction during such 60-day period by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series. |
We will be required to file annually with the trustee a certificate, signed by one of our officers, stating whether or not the officer knows of any default by us in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any condition or covenant of the indenture.
Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance
We may discharge or decrease our obligations under the indenture as stated below.
We may discharge obligations to holders of any series of debt securities that have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and that have either become due and payable or are by their terms to become due and payable, or are scheduled for redemption, within one year. We may effect a discharge by irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or government obligations denominated in the currency of the debt securities, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of, and any premium and interest on, the debt securities and any mandatory sinking fund payments.
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Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet, we may also discharge any and all of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities at any time, which we refer to as defeasance. We may also be released from the obligations imposed by certain covenants of any outstanding series of debt securities and provisions of the indenture, and we may omit to comply with those covenants without creating an event of default under the trust declaration, which we refer to as covenant defeasance. We may effect defeasance and covenant defeasance on the 91st day after the date of the deposit with the trustee described below only if, among other things:
| · | we irrevocably deposit with the trustee cash or government obligations denominated in the currency of the debt securities, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay at maturity, or upon redemption, the principal (including any mandatory sinking fund payments) of, and any premium and interest on, all outstanding debt securities of the series; |
| · | no default under the indenture with respect to that series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit; and |
| · | we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of the series of debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance or covenant defeasance and that defeasance or covenant defeasance will not otherwise alter the holders’ U.S. federal income tax treatment of principal, and any premium and interest payments on, the series of debt securities. |
In the case of a defeasance by us, the opinion we deliver must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service issued, or a change in U.S. federal income tax law occurring, after the date of the indenture, since such a result would not occur under the U.S. federal income tax laws in effect on that date.
Although we may discharge or decrease our obligations under the indenture as described in the three preceding paragraphs, we may not avoid, among other things, our duty to register the transfer or exchange of any series of debt securities, to replace any temporary, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen series of debt securities or to maintain an office or agency in respect of any series of debt securities.
Modification of the Indenture
The indenture provides that we and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of debt securities to, among other things:
| · | evidence the assumption by a successor entity of our obligations; |
| · | add to our covenants for the benefit of the holders of debt securities, or to surrender any rights or power conferred upon us; |
| · | add any additional events of default; |
| · | cure any ambiguity or omission or correct any inconsistency or defect in the indenture; |
| · | add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of the indenture in a manner that will become effective only when there is no outstanding debt security which is entitled to the benefit of the provision as to which the modification would apply; |
| · | add guarantees of or secure any debt securities; |
| · | establish the forms or terms of debt securities of any series; |
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| · | evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee and add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture as is necessary for the administration of the trusts by more than one trustee; |
| · | add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture to the extent necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of debt securities in bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without interest coupons; |
| · | provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of all, or any series of, certificated debt securities; |
| · | change any place or places where (a) the principal of or premium, if any, or interest, if any, on all or any series of debt securities shall be payable, (b) all or any series of debt securities may be surrendered for registration or transfer, (c) all or any series of debt securities may be surrendered for exchange or conversion, and (d) notices and demands to or upon us in respect of all or any series of debt securities and the indenture may be served; |
| · | supplement any of the provisions of the indenture to such extent as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series of debt securities, provided that any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of debt securities of such series or any other series in any material respect; |
| · | conform the terms of any series of debt securities to the description thereof in the prospectus and prospectus supplement (or similar offering document) offering such series of debt securities; |
| · | modify, eliminate or add to the provisions of the indenture as shall be necessary to effect the qualification of the indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 or under any similar federal statute later enacted, and to add to the indenture such other provisions as may be expressly required by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939; or |
| · | make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the indenture as long as the new provisions do not adversely affect the interests of the holders of any outstanding debt securities of any series created prior to the modification in any material respect. |
The indenture also provides that we and the trustee may, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of each series of debt securities affected by such supplemental indenture then outstanding, add any provisions to, or change in any manner, eliminate or modify in any way the provisions of, the indenture or any supplemental indenture or modify in any manner the rights of the holders of the debt securities. We and the trustee may not, however, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected thereby:
| · | change the final maturity of any debt security; |
| · | change or reduce the principal amount or premium, if any; |
| · | change or reduce the interest rate; |
| · | change the method of calculating the interest rate; |
| · | reduce the amount of the principal of any debt security issued with an original issue discount that is payable upon acceleration; |
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| · | change the currency in which the principal, and any premium or interest, is payable; |
| · | impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on any debt security when due; |
| · | if applicable, adversely affect the right of a holder to convert or exchange a debt security; or |
| · | reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities of any series whose consent is required for any modification of the indenture or for waivers of compliance with or defaults under the indenture with respect to debt securities of that series. |
The indenture provides that the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of any series, by notice to the relevant trustee, may on behalf of the holders of the debt securities of that series waive any default and its consequences under the indenture except:
| · | a default in the payment of, any premium and any interest on, or principal of, any such debt security held by a nonconsenting holder; or |
| · | a default in respect of a covenant or provision of the indenture that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of each series affected. |
Registered Global Securities and Book Entry System
The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in book-entry form and will be represented by one or more fully registered global securities. We will deposit any registered global securities with a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet and registered in the name of such depositary or nominee. In such case, we will issue one or more registered global securities denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all of the debt securities of the series to be issued and represented by such registered global security or securities. This means that we will not issue certificates to each holder, except in the limited circumstances described below.
Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole:
| · | by the depositary for the registered global security to its nominee; |
| · | by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary; or |
| · | by the depositary or its nominee to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of the successor. |
The prospectus supplement or term sheet relating to a series of debt securities will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement involving any portion of the series represented by a registered global security. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements for debt securities:
| · | ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for such registered global security, these persons being referred to as “participants,” or persons that may hold interests through participants; |
| · | upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary for the registered global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants’ accounts with the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the registered global security beneficially owned by the participants; |
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| · | any dealers, underwriters, or agents participating in the distribution of the debt securities will designate the accounts to be credited; and |
| · | ownership of beneficial interest in the registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of the ownership interest will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for the registered global security for interests of participants, and on the records of participants for interests of persons holding through participants. |
The laws of some states may require that specified purchasers of securities take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those persons to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.
So long as the depositary for a registered global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of the registered global security, the depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as stated below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security:
| · | will not be entitled to have the debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in their names; |
| · | will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the debt securities in the definitive form; and |
| · | will not be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities under the relevant indenture. |
Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the registered global security and, if the person is not a participant, on the procedures of a participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.
We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take the action, and the participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through the participants to give or take the action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.
We will make payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owners of the registered global security. Neither we nor the trustee, or any other agent of ours or the trustee will be responsible or liable for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.
We expect that the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, in respect of the registered global security, will promptly credit participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that standing customer instructions and customary practices will govern payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the registered global security held through the participants, as is the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name.” We also expect that any of these payments will be the responsibility of the participants.
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If the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or stops being a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, we will appoint an eligible successor depositary. If we fail to appoint an eligible successor depositary within 90 days, we will issue the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion decide not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by one or more registered global securities. In that event, we will issue debt securities of the series in a definitive form in exchange for all of the registered global securities representing the debt securities. The trustee will register any debt securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security in the name or names as the depositary, based upon instructions from its participants, shall instruct the trustee.
We may also issue bearer debt securities of a series in the form of one or more global securities, referred to as “bearer global securities.” We will deposit these securities with a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement or term sheet relating to the series. The prospectus supplement or term sheet relating to a series of debt securities represented by a bearer global security will describe the applicable terms and procedures. These will include the specific terms of the depositary arrangement and any specific procedures for the issuance of debt securities in definitive form in exchange for a bearer global security, in proportion to the series represented by a bearer global security.
Concerning the Trustee
The indenture provides that there may be more than one trustee under the indenture, each for one or more series of debt securities. If there are different trustees for different series of debt securities, each trustee will be a trustee of a trust under the indenture separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee under that indenture. Except as otherwise indicated in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or term sheet, any action permitted to be taken by a trustee may be taken by such trustee only on the one or more series of debt securities for which it is the trustee under the indenture. Any trustee under the indenture may resign or be removed from one or more series of debt securities. All payments of principal of, and any premium and interest on, and all registration, transfer, exchange, authentication and delivery of, the debt securities of a series will be effected by the trustee for that series at an office designated by the trustee in New York, New York.
The indenture provides that, except during the continuance of an event of default, the trustee will perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in the indenture. During the existence of an event of default, the trustee will exercise those rights and powers vested in it under the indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise as a prudent person would exercise under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs.
If the trustee becomes a creditor of ours, the indenture places limitations on the right of the trustee to obtain payment of claims or to realize on property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee may engage in other transactions. If it acquires any conflicting interest relating to any duties concerning the debt securities, however, it must eliminate the conflict or resign as trustee.
No Individual Liability of Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers or Directors
The indenture provides that no past, present or future incorporator, director, officer, stockholder or employee of ours, any of our affiliates, or any successor corporation, in their capacity as such, shall have any individual liability for any of our obligations, covenants or agreements under the debt securities or the indenture.
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Governing Law
The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware.
We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, or any combination thereof. We may issue warrants independently or together with any other securities offered by any prospectus supplement and the warrants may be attached to or separate from the other offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into by us with a warrant agent, if any. The warrant agent, if any, will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants. Further terms of the warrants and the applicable warrant agreements will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
The applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet relating to any particular issue of warrants will describe the terms of the warrants, including, as applicable, the following:
| · | the title of the warrants; |
| · | the aggregate number of the warrants; |
| · | the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued; |
| · | the designation, terms and number of shares of common stock, preferred stock or principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants; |
| · | the designation and terms of the offered securities, if any, with which the warrants are issued and the number of the warrants issued with each offered security; |
| · | the date, if any, on and after which the warrants and the related common stock or preferred stock or debt securities will be separately transferable; |
| · | the price at which each share of common stock, preferred stock or underlying debt securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased or the manner of determining such price; |
| · | the date on which the right to exercise the warrants shall commence and the date on which that right shall expire; |
| · | the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants which may be exercised at any one time; |
| · | information with respect to book- entry procedures, if any; |
| · | a discussion of certain federal income tax considerations; and |
| · | any other material terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants. |
We and the warrant agent may amend or supplement the warrant agreement for a series of warrants without the consent of the holders of the warrants issued thereunder to effect changes that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the warrants and that do not materially and adversely affect the interests of the holders of the warrants.
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We may issue, in one or more series, units consisting of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and warrants or any combination of such securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any units that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of units in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any units offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below.
General
Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of units being offered, including:
| · | the material terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately; |
| · | any material provisions relating to the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and |
| · | if appropriate, any special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units. |
We may sell the securities from time to time pursuant to underwritten public offerings, negotiated transactions, block trades or a combination of these methods. We may sell the securities separately or together:
| · | through one or more underwriters or dealers; |
| · | through agents; |
| · | directly to one or more other purchasers; or |
| · | otherwise through a combination of any of the above methods of sale. |
We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions:
| · | at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed; |
| · | at market prices prevailing at the time of sale; |
| · | at prices related to such prevailing market prices; |
| · | at varying prices determined at the time of sale; or |
| · | at negotiated prices or in competitive bid transactions. |
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The accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of the offering and the method of distribution and will identify any firms acting as underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering, including:
| · | the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents; |
| · | the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds to us from the sale; |
| · | any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us; |
| · | any underwriting discounts and other items constituting compensation to underwriters, dealers or agents; |
| · | any other offering expenses; |
| · | any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; |
| · | any securities exchange or the market on which the securities offered in the prospectus may be listed; |
| · | the method of distribution of the securities; and |
| · | the terms of any agreement, arrangement or understanding entered into with the underwriters or dealers. |
If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the securities for their own account and may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement, other than securities covered by any over-allotment option. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may change from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe the nature of any such relationship in the prospectus supplement and will name the underwriter.
We may sell securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise, our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.
We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters may make with respect to these liabilities. Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business.
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All securities we may offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities.
Any underwriter may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act. Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum price. Syndicate-covering or other short-covering transactions involve purchases of the securities, either through exercise of the over-allotment option or in the open market after the distribution is completed, to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a stabilizing or covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
The anticipated date of delivery of the securities offered by this prospectus will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to the offering.
In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the aggregate maximum discount, commission, agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of the offering proceeds from any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.
No FINRA member may participate in any offering of securities made under this prospectus if such member has a conflict of interest under FINRA Rule 5121, including if 5% or more of the net proceeds, not including underwriting compensation, of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA members, unless a qualified independent underwriter has participated in the offering or the offering otherwise complies with FINRA Rule 5121.
We may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with any derivative transaction, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement or a post-effective amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.
The validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus will be passed upon by Folger & Folger, New York, New York.
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Our consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, have been audited by CohnReznick LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their reports thereon and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
As required by the Securities Act, we filed a registration statement relating to the securities offered by this prospectus with the SEC. This prospectus is a part of that registration statement, which includes additional information.
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC under the Exchange Act. These filings are available to the public on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. We maintain a website at www.innodata.com where our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports are available without charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after those reports are filed with or furnished to the SEC.
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update information in this prospectus. In all cases, you should rely on the later information over different information included in this prospectus or the prospectus supplement. We incorporate by reference the following documents which have been filed with the SEC:
| · | Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 filed on March 13, 2015; |
| · | Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 filed on May 8, 2015 and for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 filed on August 7, 2015; |
| · | Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2015, April 29, 2015, June 8, 2015 and July 30, 2015; |
| · | The description of our Company’s common stock contained in the Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to our Company’s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (Registration Statement No. 33-62012) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and effective as of June 21, 1994. |
All documents and reports that we file with the SEC (other than any portion of such filings that are furnished under applicable SEC rules rather than filed) pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (a) after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement and (b) after the date of this prospectus and before the later of (1) the completion of the offering of the securities described in this prospectus and (2) the date we stop offering securities pursuant to this prospectus, shall be incorporated by reference in this prospectus from the date of filing of such documents.
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These documents may also be accessed on our website at www.innodata.com. Except as otherwise specifically incorporated by reference in this prospectus, information contained in, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this prospectus. You may request, and we will provide you with, a copy of these filings, at no cost, by calling us at (201) 371-8000 or by writing to us at the following address: Three University Plaza, Suite 506, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.
You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, the prospectus supplement, any applicable pricing supplement or any documents incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provision, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.
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INNODATA INC.
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Warrants
Units
PROSPECTUS
____________, 2015
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the estimated costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us in connection with the offering of the securities being registered. All the amounts shows are estimates, except for the SEC registration fee:
| SEC registration fee | $ | 7,049 | ||
| Legal fees and expenses | * | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | * | |||
| Printing fees | * | |||
| Trustee fee and expenses | * | |||
| Miscellaneous | - | |||
| Total | $ | * |
* Fees payable will depend on the securities offered, the number of issuances and the nature of the offerings, and cannot be estimated at this time, and accordingly, will be supplied in a prospectus supplement.
| Item 15. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
The Company is a Delaware corporation. Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) provides that a Delaware corporation may indemnify any persons who are, or are threatened to be made, parties to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, other than an action by or in the right of such corporation, by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or enterprise, if such person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful. Section 145 of the DGCL further authorizes a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any indemnified person against any liability asserted against him or her and incurred by him or her in any indemnified capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, regardless of whether the corporation would otherwise have the power to indemnify him or her under the DGCL.
Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that we will indemnify our directors and officers, and the directors and officers of our subsidiaries, to the maximum extent permitted by law. Our Certificate of Incorporation also provides that a director, or former director, shall not be liable to us or to any of our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, it being provided that such indemnity provision does not eliminate or limit the liability of a director: (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to us or to our stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, pertaining to the liability of directors for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchase or redemption; or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Our Bylaws provide that we shall indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, or as otherwise set forth in an indemnification agreement entered into between us and an officer or director. Furthermore, we have entered into agreements with our directors in which we agreed to indemnify the director to the maximum extent permitted by law. We also maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.
| II-1 |
| Item 16. | Exhibits |
A list of exhibits filed with this registration statement is contained in the exhibits index, which is incorporated by reference.
| Item 17. | Undertakings |
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (i), (ii) and (iii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
(i) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
| II-2 |
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, in a primary offering of securities of the registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the registrant or used or referred to by the registrant;
(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the registrant; and
(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the registrant to the purchaser.
(6) That, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(7) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of1933, as amended, (i) the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective, and (ii) each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(8) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act (“Act”) in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305 (b) (2) of that Act.
(9) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X are not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
| II-3 |
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 15 or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
| II-4 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the city of Hackensack, State of New Jersey, on December 21, 2015.
| INNODATA INC. | ||
| By | /s/ Jack S. Abuhoff | |
| Jack S. Abuhoff | ||
| Chairman of the Board, | ||
| Chief Executive Officer and President | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Jack S. Abuhoff and Amy R. Agress and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement, and to sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this registration statement that is to be effective on filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all post-effective amendments thereto, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or his or her or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this pre-effective amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following person in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Jack S. Abuhoff | Chairman of the Board, | December 21, 2015 | ||
| Jack S. Abuhoff | Chief Executive Officer and President | |||
| /s/ O’Neil Nalavadi | Senior Vice President, | December 21, 2015 | ||
| O’Neil Nalavadi | Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer | |||
| * | Director | December 21, 2015 | ||
| Haig S. Bagerdjian | ||||
| * | Director | December 21, 2015 | ||
| Louise C. Forlenza | ||||
| * | Director | December 21, 2015 | ||
| Stewart R. Massey | ||||
| * | Director | December 21, 2015 | ||
| Anthea C. Stratigos | ||||
| * | Director | December 21, 2015 | ||
| Andargachew S. Zelleke | ||||
| * Pursuant to Power of Attorney |
| By: | /s/ Amy R. Agress | |
| Amy R. Agress, Attorney in Fact |
| II-5 |
EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit Number |
Description of Document |
| 1.1* | Form of Underwriting Agreement | |
| 4.1 | Specimen Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015) | |
| 4.2 | Form of Rights Agreement, by and between us and American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., as Rights Agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 27, 2012) | |
| 4.3* | Form of Preferred Stock Certificate | |
| 4.4** | Form of Indenture | |
| 4.5* | Form of Warrant Agreement | |
| 4.6* | Form of Unit Agreement | |
| 5.1** | Opinion of Folger & Folger | |
| 10.1 | Form of Indemnification Agreement between us and our directors and one of our officers (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002) | |
| 23.1** | Consent of CohnReznick LLP | |
| 23.2** | Consent of Folger & Folger (contained in Exhibit 5.1) | |
| 24.1 | Power of Attorney (included in the signature page hereto) | |
| 25.1* | Statement of Eligibility of Trustee | |
| * | To be filed, if necessary, by a post-effective amendment to the registration statement or as an exhibit to a document incorporated by reference herein. |
| ** | Filed herewith |