Edgar Filing: MORGAN STANLEY

Three Months Ended
August 31, 2007

Nine Months Ended
August 31, 2007

(dollars in millions)

Pre-tax gain on discontinued operations

Form 10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended August 31, 2008

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-11758

LOGO

(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

1585 Broadway

New York, NY 10036

(Address of principal executive

offices, including zip code)

36-3145972

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

(212) 761-4000

(Registrant’s telephone number,

including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large Accelerated Filer x		Accelerated Filer ¨
Non-Accelerated Filer ¨		Smaller reporting company ¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of September 30, 2008, there were 1,061,983,111 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

LOGO

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the quarter ended August 31, 2008


Table of Contents						Page



Part I—Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition—August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income—Three and Nine Months Ended August 31, 2008 and 2007	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income—Three and Nine Months Ended August 31, 2008 and 2007	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—Nine Months Ended August 31, 2008 and 2007	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6
	Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	6
	Note 2. Fair Value Disclosures	21
	Note 3. Collateralized Transactions	29
	Note 4. Securitization Activities and Variable Interest Entities	31
	Note 5. Derivative and Other Contracts	35
	Note 6. Goodwill and Net Intangible Assets	36
	Note 7. Long-Term Borrowings	37
	Note 8. Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies	38
	Note 9. Regulatory Requirements	44
	Note 10. Shareholders’ Equity	45
	Note 11. Earnings per Common Share	47
	Note 12. Employee Benefit Plans	48
	Note 13. Income Taxes	48
	Note 14. Segment and Geographic Information	49
	Note 15. Discontinued Operations	52
	Note 16. Business Dispositions	53
	Note 17. Subsequent Events	54
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	55
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	56
	Introduction	56
	Results of Operations	57
	Impact of Credit Market Events	74
	Financial Holding Company Status	83
	Other Matters	84
	Critical Accounting Policies	85
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	88
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	101
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	112


		i


		Page

Part II—Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	113
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	114
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	116
Item 6.	Exhibits	116


		ii

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Morgan Stanley files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information on the public reference room. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy and information statements and other information that issuers (including Morgan Stanley) file electronically with the SEC. Morgan Stanley’s electronic SEC filings are available to the public at the SEC’s internet site, www.sec.gov.

Morgan Stanley’s internet site is www.morganstanley.com. You can access Morgan Stanley’s Investor Relations webpage at www.morganstanley.com/about/ir. Morgan Stanley makes available free of charge, on or through our Investor Relations webpage, its proxy statements, Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Morgan Stanley also makes available, through its Investor Relations webpage, via a link to the SEC’s internet site, statements of beneficial ownership of Morgan Stanley’s equity securities filed by its directors, officers, 10% or greater shareholders and others under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

Morgan Stanley has a Corporate Governance webpage. You can access information about Morgan Stanley’s corporate governance at www.morganstanley.com/about/company/governance. Morgan Stanley posts the following on its Corporate Governance webpage:

•

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation;

•

Bylaws;

•

Charters for our Audit Committee, Compensation, Management Development and Succession Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee;

•

Corporate Governance Policies;

•

Policy Regarding Communication with the Board of Directors;

•

Policy Regarding Director Candidates Recommended by Shareholders;

•

Policy Regarding Corporate Political Contributions;

•

Policy Regarding Shareholder Rights Plan;

•

Code of Ethics and Business Conduct;

•

Code of Conduct; and

•

Integrity Hotline.

Morgan Stanley’s Code of Ethics and Business Conduct applies to all directors, officers and employees, including its Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer and its Controller and Principal Accounting Officer. Morgan Stanley will post any amendments to the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and any waivers that are required to be disclosed by the rules of either the SEC or the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. on its internet site. You can request a copy of these documents, excluding exhibits, at no cost, by contacting Investor Relations, 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036 (212-761-4000). The information on Morgan Stanley’s internet site is not incorporated by reference into this report.


		iii

Part I—Financial Information.

Item 1. Financial

Statements.

MORGAN STANLEY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(dollars in millions, except share data)


	August 31, 2008		November 30, 2007
	(unaudited)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,702	$	25,598
Cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements (including securities at fair value of $21,775 at August 31, 2008 and $31,354 at November 30, 2007)		58,798		61,608
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (approximately $141 billion and $131 billion were pledged to various parties at August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, respectively):
U.S. government and agency securities		28,955		23,887
Other sovereign government obligations		36,036		21,606
Corporate and other debt		118,886		147,724
Corporate equities		81,311		87,377
Derivative and other contracts		87,580		77,003
Investments		14,799		14,270
Physical commodities		3,988		3,096

Total financial instruments owned, at fair value		371,555		374,963
Securities received as collateral, at fair value		19,235		82,229
Collateralized agreements:
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		179,540		126,887
Securities borrowed		241,051		239,994
Receivables:
Customers		48,052		76,352
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		7,308		16,011
Other loans		3,050		11,629
Fees, interest and other		7,479		8,320
Other investments		3,864		4,524
Premises, equipment and software costs, at cost (net of accumulated depreciation of $3,434 at August 31, 2008 and $3,449 at November 30, 2007)		5,004		4,372
Goodwill		2,961		3,024
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $275 at August 31, 2008 and $175 at November 30, 2007) (includes $278 at fair value at August 31, 2008 and $428 at fair value at November 30, 2007)		1,035		1,047
Other assets		14,769		8,851

Total assets	$	987,403	$	1,045,409


		1

MORGAN STANLEY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION—(Continued)

(dollars in millions, except share data)


	August 31, 2008			November 30, 2007
	(unaudited)
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings (includes $3,858 at fair value at August 31, 2008 and $3,068 at fair value at November 30, 2007)	$	14,159		$	34,495
Deposits (includes $3,769 at fair value at November 30, 2007)		36,774			31,179
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value:
U.S. government and agency securities		10,219			8,221
Other sovereign government obligations		17,767			15,627
Corporate and other debt		11,394			7,592
Corporate equities		42,180			30,899
Derivative and other contracts		68,401			71,604
Physical commodities		464			398

Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value		150,425			134,341
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value		19,235			82,229
Collateralized financings:
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		122,801			162,840
Securities loaned		33,979			110,423
Other secured financings, at fair value		22,720			27,772
Payables:
Customers		315,289			203,453
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations		6,477			10,454
Interest and dividends		3,193			1,724
Other liabilities and accrued expenses		24,259			24,606
Long-term borrowings (includes $43,114 at fair value at August 31, 2008 and $38,392 at fair value at November 30, 2007)		202,327			190,624

		951,638			1,014,140

Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock		1,100			1,100
Common stock, $0.01 par value;
Shares authorized: 3,500,000,000 at August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007;
Shares issued: 1,211,701,552 at August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007; Shares outstanding: 1,109,155,431 at August 31, 2008 and 1,056,289,659 at November 30, 2007		12			12
Paid-in capital		615			1,902
Retained earnings		40,698			38,045
Employee stock trust		7,354			5,569
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(380	)		(199	)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost, $0.01 par value;
102,546,121 shares at August 31, 2008 and 155,411,893 shares at November 30, 2007		(6,280	)		(9,591	)
Common stock issued to employee trust		(7,354	)		(5,569	)

Total shareholders’ equity		35,765			31,269

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	987,403		$	1,045,409

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


		2

MORGAN STANLEY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(dollars in millions, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended August 31,						Nine Months Ended August 31,
	2008			2007			2008			2007
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Revenues:
Investment banking	$	1,146		$	1,659		$	3,304		$	4,799
Principal transactions:
Trading		2,604			1,381			7,397			10,377
Investments		(453	)		558			(1,263	)		2,442
Commissions		1,070			1,264			3,424			3,392
Asset management, distribution and administration fees		1,423			1,701			4,437			4,776
Interest and dividends		9,792			14,405			33,874			43,976
Other		1,117			262			3,233			855

Total revenues		16,699			21,230			54,406			70,617
Interest expense		8,650			13,272			31,525			42,141

Net revenues		8,049			7,958			22,881			28,476

Non-interest expenses:
Compensation and benefits		3,695			3,596			10,726			13,365
Occupancy and equipment		309			279			924			818
Brokerage, clearing and exchange fees		378			459			1,270			1,186
Information processing and communications		302			302			919			865
Marketing and business development		168			190			558			542
Professional services		457			507			1,308			1,436
Other		792			360			1,568			1,019

Total non-interest expenses		6,101			5,693			17,273			19,231

Income from continuing operations before gains (losses) from unconsolidated investees and income taxes		1,948			2,265			5,608			9,245
Gains (losses) from unconsolidated investees		8			(19	)		29			(65	)
Provision for income taxes		531			772			1,635			3,029

Income from continuing operations		1,425			1,474			4,002			6,151
Discontinued operations:
Net gain from discontinued operations		—			111			—			1,024
Provision for income taxes		—			42			—			378

Net gain on discontinued operations		—			69			—			646

Net income	$	1,425		$	1,543		$	4,002		$	6,797

Preferred stock dividend requirements	$	11		$	17		$	42		$	50

Earnings applicable to common shareholders	$	1,414		$	1,526		$	3,960		$	6,747

Earnings per basic common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	1.36		$	1.45		$	3.83		$	6.08
Gain on discontinued operations		—			0.07			—			0.65

Earnings per basic common share	$	1.36		$	1.52		$	3.83		$	6.73

Earnings per diluted common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	1.32		$	1.38		$	3.72		$	5.79
Gain on discontinued operations		—			0.06			—			0.61

Earnings per diluted common share	$	1.32		$	1.44		$	3.72		$	6.40

Average common shares outstanding:
Basic		1,042,541,501			1,002,330,181			1,033,829,591			1,002,687,312

Diluted		1,072,015,729			1,057,495,875			1,065,689,131			1,053,683,836

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


		3

MORGAN STANLEY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(dollars in millions)


	Three Months Ended August 31,						Nine Months Ended August 31,
	2008			2007			2008			2007
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Net income	$	1,425		$	1,543		$	4,002		$	6,797
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments(1)		(169	)		97			(206	)		—
Net change in cash flow hedges(2)		3			4			12			15
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale(3)		—			(77	)		—			(77	)
Minimum pension liability adjustment(4)		—			—			—			2
Net amortization of actuarial loss(5)		5			—			14			—
Net amortization of prior-service credit(6)		(2	)		—			(4	)		—

Comprehensive income	$	1,262		$	1,567		$	3,818		$	6,737

(1)

Amounts are net of provision for (benefit from) income taxes of $219 million and $(25) million for the quarters ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Amounts are net of provision for (benefit from) income taxes of $150 million and $(12) million for the nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

(2)	Amounts are net of provision for income taxes of $5 million and $7 million for the quarters ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Amounts are net of provision for income taxes of $9 million and $14 million for the nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

(3)	Amount is net of (benefit from) income taxes of $(51) million for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007.

(4)	Amount is net of provision for income taxes of $2 million for the nine month period ended August 31, 2007.

(5)	Amount is net of provision for income taxes of $4 million for the quarter ended August 31, 2008.

Amount is net of provision for income taxes of $10 million for the nine month period ended August 31, 2008.

(6)	Amount is net of (benefit from) income taxes of $(1) million for the quarter ended August 31, 2008.

Amount is net of (benefit from) income taxes of $(3) million for the nine month period ended August 31, 2008.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


		4

MORGAN STANLEY

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in millions)


	Nine Months Ended August 31,
	2008			2007
	(unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	4,002		$	6,797
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used for operating activities:
(Gains) losses from unconsolidated investees		(29	)		65
Compensation payable in common stock and options		1,672			2,132
Depreciation and amortization		309			478
Provision for consumer loan losses		—			472
Gains on business dispositions		(2,232	)		(168	)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements		3,003			(13,661	)
Financial instruments owned, net of financial instruments sold, not yet purchased		23,870			(41,680	)
Securities borrowed		(1,057	)		42,599
Securities loaned		(76,444	)		(5,112	)
Receivables and other assets		41,018			(24,532	)
Payables and other liabilities		103,832			45,146
Securities purchased under agreements to resell		(52,653	)		(1,123	)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase		(40,039	)		(14,212	)

Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities		5,252			(2,799	)


CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net (payments for) proceeds from:
Premises, equipment and software costs		(1,123	)		(1,228	)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(174	)		(1,169	)
Business dispositions		2,303			476
Net principal disbursed on consumer loans		—			(4,776	)
Sales of consumer loans		—			5,301
Purchases of securities available for sale		—			(13,194	)
Sales of securities available for sale		—			4,216

Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities		1,006			(10,374	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net (payments for) proceeds from:
Short-term borrowings		(20,336	)		4,624
Derivatives financing activities		436			298
Other secured financings		(5,052	)		(14,663	)
Deposits		5,595			15,188
Tax benefits associated with stock-based awards		47			242
Net proceeds from:
Issuance of common stock		383			784
Issuance of long-term borrowings		37,554			54,426
Issuance of junior subordinated debentures related to China Investment Corporation		5,579			—
Payments for:
Repayments of long-term borrowings		(31,258	)		(21,970	)
Redemption of Capital Units		—			(66	)
Repurchases of common stock through capital management share repurchase program		—			(3,237	)
Repurchases of common stock for employee tax withholding		(86	)		(282	)
Cash distribution in connection with the Discover Spin-off		—			(5,615	)
Cash dividends		(935	)		(913	)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(8,073	)		28,816

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(81	)		339

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(1,896	)		15,982
Cash and cash equivalents, at beginning of period		25,598			20,606

Cash and cash equivalents, at end of period	$	23,702		$	36,588

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash payments for interest were $30,217 million and $41,434 million for the nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

Cash payments for income taxes were $671 million and $2,764 million for the nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


		5

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1.	Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

The Company. Morgan Stanley (the “Company”) is a global financial services firm that maintains significant market positions in each of its business segments—Institutional Securities, Global Wealth Management Group and Asset Management.

A summary of the activities of each of the Company’s business segments is as follows:

Institutional Securities includes capital raising; financial advisory services, including advice on mergers and acquisitions, restructurings, real estate and project finance; corporate lending; sales, trading, financing and market-making activities in equity and fixed income securities and related products, including foreign exchange and commodities; benchmark indices and risk management analytics; research; and investment activities.

Global Wealth Management Group provides brokerage and investment advisory services covering various investment alternatives; financial and wealth planning services; annuity and other insurance products; credit and other lending products; cash management services; retirement services; and trust and fiduciary services.

Asset Management provides global asset management products and services in equity, fixed income, alternative investments, which includes hedge funds and funds of funds, and merchant banking, which includes real estate, private equity and infrastructure, to institutional and retail clients through proprietary and third-party distribution channels. Asset Management also engages in investment activities.

Discontinued Operations.

Discover. On June 30, 2007, the Company completed the spin-off (the “Discover Spin-off”) of its business segment Discover Financial Services (“DFS”). The results of DFS through the date of the Discover Spin-off are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

Quilter Holdings Ltd. The results of Quilter Holdings Ltd. (“Quilter”) are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented through its sale on February 28, 2007. The results of Quilter were formerly included in the Global Wealth Management Group business segment.

See Note 15 for additional information on discontinued operations.

Basis of Financial Information. The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S., which require the Company to make estimates and assumptions regarding the valuations of certain financial instruments, the outcome of litigation and tax matters, incentive-based compensation accruals and other matters that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company believes that the estimates utilized in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements are prudent and reasonable. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 (the “Form 10-K”). The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair statement of the results for the interim period. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year.


		6

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest and certain variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

For entities where (1) the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance its activities independently and (2) the equity holders bear the economic residual risks of the entity and have the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities, the Company consolidates those entities it controls through a majority voting interest or otherwise. For entities that do not meet these criteria, commonly known as VIEs, the Company consolidates those entities where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary when it absorbs a majority of the expected losses or a majority of the expected residual returns, or both, of such entities.

Notwithstanding the above, certain securitization vehicles, commonly known as qualifying special purpose entities (“QSPEs”), are not consolidated by the Company if they meet certain criteria regarding the types of assets and derivatives they may hold, the types of sales they may engage in and the range of discretion they may exercise in connection with the assets they hold (see Note 4).

For investments in entities in which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest but has significant influence over operating and financial decisions, the Company generally applies the equity method of accounting, except in instances where the Company has elected to measure certain eligible investments at fair value as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 159”) (see Note 2).

Equity and partnership interests held by entities qualifying for accounting purposes as investment companies are carried at fair value.

The Company’s U.S. and international subsidiaries include Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated (“MS&Co.”), Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc (“MSIP”), Morgan Stanley Japan Securities Co., Ltd. (“MSJS”) and Morgan Stanley Investment Advisors Inc.

Income Statement Presentation. The Company, through its subsidiaries and affiliates, provides a wide variety of products and services to a large and diversified group of clients and customers, including corporations, governments, financial institutions and individuals. In connection with the delivery of the various products and services to clients, the Company manages its revenues and related expenses in the aggregate. As such, when assessing the performance of its businesses, the Company considers its principal trading, investment banking, commissions, and interest and dividend income, along with the associated interest expense, as one integrated activity for each of the Company’s separate businesses.

The Company’s cost infrastructure supporting its businesses varies by activity. In some cases, these costs are directly attributable to one line of business, and, in other cases, such costs relate to multiple businesses. As such, when assessing the performance of its businesses, the Company does not consider these costs separately but rather assesses performance in the aggregate along with the related revenues.

Therefore, the Company’s pricing structure considers various items, including the level of expenses incurred directly and indirectly to support the cost infrastructure, the risk it incurs in connection with a transaction, the overall client relationship and the availability in the market for the particular product and/or service. Accordingly, the Company does not manage or capture the costs associated with the products or services sold or its general and administrative costs by revenue line, in total or by product.


		7

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Revenue Recognition.

Investment Banking. Underwriting revenues and advisory fees from mergers, acquisitions and restructuring transactions are recorded when services for the transactions are determined to be completed, generally as set forth under the terms of the engagement. Transaction-related expenses, primarily consisting of legal, travel and other costs directly associated with the transaction, are deferred and recognized in the same period as the related investment banking transaction revenue. Underwriting revenues are presented net of related expenses. Non-reimbursed expenses associated with advisory transactions are recorded within Non-interest expenses.

Commissions. The Company generates commissions from executing and clearing customer transactions on stock, options and futures markets. Commission revenues are recognized in the accounts on trade date.

Asset Management, Distribution and Administration Fees. Asset management, distribution and administration fees are recognized over the relevant contract period. In certain management fee arrangements, the Company is entitled to receive performance-based fees (also referred to as incentive fees) when the return on assets under management exceeds certain benchmark returns or other performance targets. In such arrangements, performance fee revenue is accrued (or reversed) quarterly based on measuring account/fund performance to date versus the performance benchmark stated in the investment management agreement. Performance-based fees are recorded within Principal transactions—investments revenues or Asset management, distribution and administration fees depending on the nature of the arrangement.

Financial Instruments and Fair Value.

A significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments is carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings each period. A description of the Company’s policies regarding fair value measurement and its application to these financial instruments follows.

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value. All of the instruments within Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, are measured at fair value, either through the fair value option election (discussed below) or as required by other accounting pronouncements. These instruments primarily represent the Company’s trading and investment activities and include both cash and derivative products. In addition, Securities received as collateral and Obligation to return securities received as collateral are measured at fair value as required by other accounting pronouncements. Additionally, certain Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings (primarily structured notes), certain Deposits, certain Other secured financings and certain Long-term borrowings (primarily structured notes and certain junior subordinated debentures) are measured at fair value through the fair value option election. Gains and losses on all of these instruments carried at fair value are reflected in Principal transactions—trading revenues or Principal transactions—investments revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Interest income and expense and dividend income are recorded within the condensed consolidated statements of income depending on the nature of the instrument and related market conventions. When interest and dividends are included as a component of the instruments’ fair value, interest and dividends are included within Principal transactions—trading revenues or Principal transactions—investments revenues. Otherwise, they are included within Interest and dividend income or Interest expense.

Fair Value Option. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 159 effective December 1, 2006. SFAS No. 159 provides entities the option to measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings each period. SFAS No. 159 permits the fair value option election on an instrument-by-instrument basis at initial recognition of an asset or liability or upon an event that gives rise to a


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new basis of accounting for that instrument. The Company applies the fair value option for certain eligible instruments, including certain loans and loan commitments, certain equity method investments, certain structured notes and certain junior subordinated debentures, certain commercial paper and other short-term borrowings, certain certificates of deposits and certain Other secured financings.

Fair Value Measurement—Definition and Hierarchy. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”), effective December 1, 2006. Under this standard, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches. SFAS No. 157 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

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Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Examples of assets and liabilities currently utilizing Level 1 inputs are: most U.S. Government securities; certain U.S. agency securities; certain other sovereign government obligations; and exchange-traded equity securities and listed derivatives that are actively traded.

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Level 2—Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Examples of assets and liabilities currently utilizing Level 2 inputs are: certain U.S. agency securities; municipal bonds; corporate bonds; certain corporate loans and loan commitments; certain residential and commercial mortgage-related instruments (including loans, securities and derivatives); most over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives; physical commodities; deposits; and most structured notes.

•

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Examples of assets and liabilities currently utilizing Level 3 inputs are: certain corporate loans and loan commitments; certain residential and commercial mortgage-related instruments (including loans, securities and derivatives); real estate and private equity investments; mortgage servicing rights; and long-dated or complex OTC derivatives.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from product to product and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of product, whether the product is new and not yet established in the marketplace, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In certain cases, the inputs used to


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measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for disclosure purposes the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls in its entirety is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Fair value is a market-based measure considered from the perspective of a market participant rather than an entity-specific measure. Therefore, even when market assumptions are not readily available, the Company’s own assumptions are set to reflect those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market dislocation. In periods of market dislocation, the observability of prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments. This condition could cause an instrument to be reclassified from Level 1 to Level 2 or Level 2 to Level 3 (see Note 2).

Valuation Techniques. Many cash and OTC contracts have bid and ask prices that can be observed in the marketplace. Bid prices reflect the highest price that the Company and others are willing to pay for an asset. Ask prices represent the lowest price that the Company and others are willing to accept for an asset. For financial instruments whose inputs are based on bid-ask prices, the Company does not require that the fair value estimate always be a predetermined point in the bid-ask range. The Company’s policy is to allow for mid-market pricing and adjusting to the point within the bid-ask range that meets the Company’s best estimate of fair value. For offsetting positions in the same financial instrument, the same price within the bid-ask spread is used to measure both the long and short positions.

Fair value for many cash and OTC contracts is derived using pricing models. Pricing models take into account the contract terms (including maturity) as well as multiple inputs, including, where applicable, commodity prices, equity prices, interest rate yield curves, credit curves, creditworthiness of the counterparty, option volatility and currency rates. In accordance with SFAS No. 157, the impact of the Company’s own credit spreads is also considered when measuring the fair value of liabilities, including OTC derivative contracts. Where appropriate, valuation adjustments are made to account for various factors such as liquidity risk (bid-ask adjustments), credit quality, concentration risk and model risk. These adjustments are subject to judgment, are applied on a consistent basis and are based upon observable inputs where available. The Company subjects all valuations and models to a review process on a periodic basis.

Financial Instruments Owned/Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased—U.S. Government and Agency Securities

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U.S. Government Securities. U.S. government securities are valued using quoted market prices. Valuation adjustments are not applied. Accordingly, U.S. government securities are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

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U.S. Agency Securities. U.S. agency securities are comprised of two main categories consisting of agency issued debt and mortgage pass-throughs. Non-callable agency issued debt securities are generally valued using quoted market prices. Callable agency issued debt securities are valued through benchmarking model derived prices to quoted market prices and trade data for identical or comparable securities. Mortgage pass-throughs include To-be-announced (“TBA”) securities and mortgage pass-through certificates. TBA securities are generally valued using quoted market prices or are benchmarked thereto. Fair value of mortgage pass-through certificates are model driven with respect to the comparable TBA security. Actively traded non-callable agency issued debt securities and TBA securities are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Callable agency issued debt securities and mortgage pass-through certificates are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.


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Financial Instruments Owned/Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased—Other Sovereign Government Obligations. The fair value of foreign sovereign government obligations is generally based on quoted prices in active markets. When quoted prices are not available, fair value is determined based on a valuation model that has as inputs interest rate yield curves, cross-currency basis index spreads, and country credit spreads for structures similar to the bond in terms of issuer, maturity and seniority. These bonds are generally categorized in Levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Owned/Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased—Corporate and Other Debt

•

Corporate Bonds. The fair value of corporate bonds is estimated using recently executed transactions, market price quotations (where observable), bond spreads or credit default swap spreads. The spread data used are for the same maturity as the bond. If the spread data does not reference the issuer, then data that reference a comparable issuer is used. When observable price quotations are not available, fair value is determined based on cash flow models with yield curves, bond or single name credit default swap spreads and recovery rates based on collateral values as key inputs. Corporate bonds are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; in instances where significant inputs are unobservable, they are categorized in Level 3 of the hierarchy.

•

Corporate Loans and Loan Commitments. The fair value of corporate loans is estimated using recently executed transactions, market price quotations (where observable) and market observable credit default swap spread levels along with proprietary valuation models and default recovery analysis where such transactions and quotations are unobservable. The fair value of contingent corporate loan commitments is estimated by using executed transactions on comparable loans and the anticipated market price based on pricing indications from syndicate banks and customers. The valuation of these commitments also takes into account certain fee income. Corporate loans and loan commitments are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; in instances where significant inputs are unobservable, they are categorized in Level 3 of the hierarchy.

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Municipal Bonds. The fair value of municipal bonds is estimated using recently executed transactions, market price quotations and pricing models that factor in, where applicable, interest rates, bond or credit default swap spreads and volatility. These bonds are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Mortgage Loans. Mortgage loans are valued using prices based on trade data for identical or comparable instruments. Where this data does not exist, such loans are valued based on origination price and collateral performance (credit events) since origination. Due to the subjectivity involved in the price derivation, the majority of loans are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”) and Asset-Backed Securities (“ABS”). CMBS and ABS may be valued based on external price/spread data. When position-specific external price data are not observable, the valuation is based on prices of comparable bonds. Valuation levels of ABS and CMBS indices are used as an additional data point for benchmarking purposes or to price outright index positions. CMBS and ABS are categorized in Level 3 if external prices or inputs are unobservable; otherwise they are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Auction Rate Securities (“ARS”). The Company primarily holds investments in Student Loan Auction Rate Securities (“SLARS”) and Municipal Auction Rate Securities (“MARS”) with interest rates that are reset through periodic auctions. SLARS are ABS backed by pools of student loans. MARS are municipal bonds often backed by municipal bond insurance. Due to the auction mechanism and generally liquid markets, ARS have historically traded and were valued at par. Beginning in fiscal year 2008, uncertainties


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(UNAUDITED)

in the credit markets have resulted in auctions failing for certain types of ARS. Once the auctions failed, ARS could no longer be valued using observations of auction market prices. Accordingly, the fair value of ARS is determined using independent external market data where available and an internally developed methodology to discount for the lack of liquidity and non-performance risk in the current market environment.

The key drivers that impact the valuation of SLARS are the amount of leverage in each structure, credit rating and liquidity considerations.

The key drivers that impact the valuation of MARS are independent external market data, quality of underlying issuers and evidence of issuer calls. To the extent the valuation technique relies exclusively on observable external data, ARS are classified in Level 2; otherwise they are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

•

Retained Interests in Securitization Transactions. Fair value for retained interests in securitized financial assets (in the form of one or more tranches of the securitization ) are determined using observable prices or, in cases where observable prices are not available for certain retained interests, the Company estimates fair value based on the present value of expected future cash flows using its best estimates of the key assumptions, including forecasted credit losses, prepayment rates, forward yield curves and discount rates commensurate with the risks involved. When observable prices are available, retained interests are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When unobservable inputs are significant to the fair value measurement, albeit generally supportable by historical and actual benchmark data, retained interests are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Owned/Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased—Corporate Equities

•

Exchange-Traded Equity Securities. Exchange-traded equity securities are generally valued based on quoted prices from the exchange. To the extent these securities are actively traded, valuation adjustments are not applied and they are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Owned/Financial Instrument Sold, Not Yet Purchased—Derivative and Other Contracts

•

Listed Derivative Contracts. Listed derivatives that are actively traded are valued based on quoted prices from the exchange and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Listed derivatives that are not actively traded are valued using the same approaches as those applied to OTC derivatives; they are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

•

OTC Derivative Contracts. OTC derivative contracts include forward, swap and option contracts related to interest rates, foreign currencies, credit standing of reference entities, equity prices or commodity prices.

Depending on the product and the terms of the transaction, the fair value of OTC derivative products can be modeled using a series of techniques, including closed-form analytic formulae, such as the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and simulation models or a combination thereof. Many pricing models do not entail material subjectivity because the methodologies employed do not necessitate significant judgment, and the pricing inputs are observed from actively quoted markets, as is the case for generic interest rate swap and option contracts. In the case of more established derivative products, the pricing models used by the Company are widely accepted by the financial services industry. A substantial majority of OTC derivative products valued by the Company using pricing models fall into this category and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.


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Other derivative products, typically the newest and most complex products, require more judgment in the implementation of the valuation technique applied due to the complexity of the valuation assumptions and the reduced observability of inputs. This includes derivative interests in certain mortgage-related collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) securities, mortgage-related credit default swaps, basket credit default swaps and CDO-squared positions where direct trading activity or quotes are unobservable. These instruments involve significant unobservable inputs and are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative interests in mortgage-related CDOs, for which observability of external price data is extremely limited, are valued based on an evaluation of the market for similar positions as indicated by primary and secondary market activity in the cash CDO and synthetic CDO markets. Each position is evaluated independently taking into consideration the underlying collateral performance and pricing, behavior of the tranche under various cumulative loss and prepayment scenarios, deal structures (e.g., non-amortizing reference obligations, call features) and liquidity. While these factors may be supported by historical and actual external observations, the determination of their value as it relates to specific positions nevertheless requires significant judgment.

Mortgage-related credit default swaps are valued based on data from comparable credit instruments in the cash market and trades in comparable swaps as benchmarks, as prices and spreads for the specific credits subject to valuation tend to be of limited observability.

For basket credit default swaps and CDO-squared positions, the correlation between reference credits is often a significant input into the pricing model, in addition to several other more observable inputs such as credit spread, interest and recovery rates. As the correlation input is unobservable for each specific swap, it is benchmarked to standardized proxy baskets for which external data are available.

The Company trades various derivative structures with commodity underlyings. Depending on the type of structure, the model inputs generally include interest rate yield curves, commodity underlier spread curves, volatility of the underlying commodities and, in some cases, the correlation between these inputs. The fair value of these products is estimated using executed trades and broker and consensus data to provide values for the aforementioned inputs. Where these inputs are unobservable, relationships to observable commodities and data points, based on historic and/or implied observations, are employed as a technique to estimate the model input values. Commodity derivatives are generally categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; in instances where significant inputs are unobservable, they are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instruments Owned—Investments

•

Investments in Private Equity and Real Estate. The Company’s investments in private equity and real estate take the form of direct private equity investments and investments in private equity and real estate funds. Initially, the transaction price is generally considered by the Company as the exit price and is the Company’s best estimate of fair value. Thereafter, valuation is based on an assessment of each underlying investment, incorporating valuations that consider the evaluation of financing and sale transactions with third parties, expected cash flows and market-based information, including comparable company transactions, performance multiples and changes in market outlook, among other factors. These nonpublic investments are included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because they trade infrequently, and, therefore, the fair value is unobservable.

Financial Instruments Owned/Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased—Physical Commodities. The Company trades various physical commodities, including crude oil and refined products, metals and agricultural


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(UNAUDITED)

products. Fair value for physical commodities is determined using observable inputs, including broker quotations and published indices. Physical commodities are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deposits. The fair value of certificates of deposit is estimated using third-party quotations. These deposits are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Commercial Paper and Other Short-term Borrowings/Long-Term Borrowings

•

Structured Notes. The Company issues structured notes that have coupons or repayment terms linked to the performance of debt or equity securities, indices, currencies or commodities. Fair value of structured notes is estimated using valuation models described in this section for the derivative and debt features of the notes. These models incorporate observable inputs referencing identical or comparable securities, including prices that the notes are linked to, interest rate yield curves, option volatility and currency rates. The impact of the Company’s own credit spreads is also included based on the Company’s observed secondary bond market spreads. Most structured notes are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Measurement—Other.

The fair value of OTC financial instruments, including derivative contracts related to financial instruments and commodities, is presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition on a net-by-counterparty basis, when appropriate. Additionally, the Company nets fair value of cash collateral paid or received against fair value amounts recognized for net derivative positions executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement.

Hedge Accounting.

The Company applies hedge accounting for hedges involving various derivative financial instruments and non-U.S. dollar-denominated debt used to hedge interest rate, foreign exchange and credit risk arising from assets and liabilities not held at fair value. These derivative financial instruments are included within Financial instruments owned—Derivative and other contracts or Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivative and other contracts in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

The Company’s hedges are designated and qualify for accounting purposes as one of the following types of hedges: hedges of changes in fair value of assets and liabilities due to the risk being hedged (fair value hedges), hedges of the variability of future cash flows from floating rate assets and liabilities due to the risk being hedged (cash flow hedges) and hedges of net investments in foreign operations whose functional currency is different from the reporting currency of the parent company (net investment hedges).

For all hedges where hedge accounting is being applied, effectiveness testing and other procedures to ensure the ongoing validity of the hedges are performed at least monthly. The impact of hedge ineffectiveness on the condensed consolidated statements of income, primarily related to fair value hedges, was a gain of $119 million and $233 million for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2008, respectively, and a gain of $67 million and $133 million for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007, respectively. The amount excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness was immaterial. If a derivative is de-designated as a hedge, it is thereafter accounted for as a financial instrument used for trading.

Fair Value Hedges—Interest Rate Risk. In the first quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company began using regression analysis to perform an ongoing prospective and retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of these hedging


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relationships (i.e., the Company applied the “long-haul” method of hedge accounting). A hedging relationship is deemed effective if the fair values of the hedging instrument (derivative) and the hedged item (debt liability) change inversely within a range of 80% to 125%. The Company considered the impact of valuation adjustments related to the Company’s own credit spreads and counterparty credit spreads to determine whether they are material to the fair value of the individual derivatives designated in hedging relationships and whether they would cause the hedging relationship to be ineffective.

Previously, the Company’s designated fair value hedges consisted primarily of interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges of changes in the benchmark interest rate of fixed rate borrowings, including both certificates of deposit and senior long-term borrowings. For these hedges, the Company ensured that the terms of the hedging instruments and hedged items matched and that other accounting criteria were met so that the hedges were assumed to have no ineffectiveness (i.e., the Company applied the “shortcut” method of hedge accounting). The Company also used interest rate swaps as fair value hedges of the benchmark interest rate risk of host contracts of equity-linked notes that contained embedded derivatives. For these hedging relationships, regression analysis was used for the prospective and retrospective assessments of hedge effectiveness.

For qualifying fair value hedges of benchmark interest rates, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and the changes in the fair value of the hedged liability provide offset of one another and, together with any resulting ineffectiveness, are recorded in Interest expense. When a derivative is de-designated as a hedge, any basis adjustment remaining on the hedged liability is amortized to Interest expense over the remaining life of the liability using the effective interest method.

Fair Value Hedges—Credit Risk. Until the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company had designated a portion of a credit derivative embedded in a non-recourse structured note liability as a fair value hedge of the credit risk arising from a loan receivable to which the structured note liability was specifically linked. Regression analysis was used to perform prospective and retrospective assessments of hedge effectiveness for this hedge relationship. The changes in the fair value of the derivative and the changes in the fair value of the hedged item provided offset of one another and, together with any resulting ineffectiveness, were recorded in Principal transactions—trading revenues. This hedge was terminated in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 upon derecognition of both the hedging instrument and the hedged item.

Cash Flow Hedges. The Company applies cash flow hedge accounting to interest rate swaps designated as hedges of the variability of future cash flows from floating rate liabilities due to the benchmark interest rate. The Company uses regression analysis to perform an ongoing prospective and retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of these hedging relationships. Changes in fair value of these interest rate swaps are recorded to “Net change in cash flow hedges” as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in Shareholders’ equity, net of tax effects, to the extent they are effective. Amounts recorded to Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are then reclassified to Interest expense as interest on the hedged borrowings is recognized. Any ineffective portion of the change in fair value of these instruments is recorded to Interest expense.

Before the sale of the aircraft leasing business in 2006, the Company applied hedge accounting to interest rate swaps used to hedge variable rate long-term borrowings associated with this business. Changes in the fair value of the swaps were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in Shareholders’ equity, net of tax effects, and then reclassified to Interest expense as interest on the hedged borrowings was recognized.

In connection with the sale of the aircraft leasing business, the Company de-designated the interest rate swaps associated with this business effective August 31, 2005 and no longer accounts for them as cash flow hedges.


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Amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to those interest rate swaps continue to be reclassified to Interest expense since the related borrowings remain outstanding.

Net Investment Hedges. The Company utilizes forward foreign exchange contracts and non-U.S. dollar-denominated debt to manage the currency exposure relating to its net investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency operations. No hedge ineffectiveness is recognized in earnings since the notional amounts of the hedging instruments equal the portion of the investments being hedged, and, where forward contracts are used, the currencies being exchanged are the functional currencies of the parent and investee; where debt instruments are used as hedges, they are denominated in the functional currency of the investee. The gain or loss from revaluing hedges of net investments in foreign operations at the spot rate is deferred and reported within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in Shareholders’ equity, net of tax effects. The forward points on the hedging instruments are recorded in Interest and dividend revenues.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

For purposes of these statements, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and highly liquid investments not held for resale with maturities, when purchased, of three months or less. In connection with business acquisitions, the Company assumed liabilities of $77 million and $7,704 million in the nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. At May 31, 2008, the Company consolidated Crescent Real Estate Equities Limited Partnership (“Crescent”) assets and liabilities of approximately $4.7 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively.

Securitization Activities.

The Company engages in securitization activities related to commercial and residential mortgage loans, corporate bonds and loans, U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations and other types of financial assets (see Note 4). Generally, such transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when the Company has relinquished control over the transferred assets. The gain or loss on sale of such financial assets depends, in part, on the previous carrying amount of the assets involved in the transfer allocated between the assets sold and the retained interests based upon their respective fair values at the date of sale. Transfers that are not accounted for as sales are accounted for as secured borrowings.

Gains (losses) from Unconsolidated Investees.

The Company invests in unconsolidated investees that provide funds to develop low income communities, renewable energy sources and other structured transactions. These structures provide the Company with tax benefits and are not integral to the operations of the Company. The Company accounts for these investments under the equity method with net gains and losses from these investments recorded within Gains (losses) from unconsolidated investees and the applicable tax credits, expenses and benefits recorded within Provision for income taxes.

Deferred Compensation Arrangements.

The Company also maintains various deferred compensation plans for the benefit of certain employees that provide a return to the participating employees based upon the performance of various referenced investments. The Company often invests directly, as a principal, in such referenced investments related to its obligations to perform under the deferred compensation plans. Changes in value of such investments made by the Company are recorded primarily in Principal transactions—Investments. Expenses associated with the related deferred compensation plans are recorded in Compensation and benefits.


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Accounting Developments.

Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a company’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in an income tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. As a result of the adoption of FIN 48 on December 1, 2007, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $92 million as a decrease to the opening balance of Retained earnings as of December 1, 2007 (see Note 13).

Employee Benefit Plans. In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)” (“SFAS No. 158”). In fiscal 2007, the Company adopted SFAS No. 158’s requirement to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of its defined benefit and postretirement plans as an asset or liability. In the first quarter of fiscal 2008, the Company recorded an after-tax charge of approximately $13 million ($21 million pre-tax) to Shareholders’ equity upon early adoption of SFAS No. 158’s other requirement to use the fiscal year-end date as the measurement date.

Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts. In April 2007, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. FIN 39-1, “Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39”, (“FSP FIN 39-1”). FSP FIN 39-1 amends certain provisions of FIN 39, “Offsetting of Amounts Related to Certain Contracts,” and permits companies to offset fair value amounts recognized for cash collateral receivables or payables against fair value amounts recognized for net derivative positions executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. In accordance with the provisions of FSP FIN 39-1, the Company offset cash collateral receivables and payables against net derivative positions as of August 31, 2008. The adoption of FSP FIN 39-1 on December 1, 2007 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards. In June 2007, the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) reached consensus on Issue No. 06-11, “Accounting for Income Tax Benefits of Dividends on Share-Based Payment Awards” (“EITF No. 06-11”). EITF No. 06-11 requires that the tax benefit related to dividend equivalents paid on restricted stock units that are expected to vest be recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital. The Company currently accounts for this tax benefit as a reduction to its income tax provision. EITF Issue No. 06-11 is to be applied prospectively for tax benefits on dividends declared in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007 and interim periods within those years. The Company does not expect the adoption of EITF No. 06-11 to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations. In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141(R)”). SFAS 141(R) requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize the full fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction (whether a full or partial acquisition); establishes the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; requires expensing of most transaction and restructuring costs; and requires the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users all of the information needed to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. SFAS No. 141(R) applies to all transactions or other events in which the Company obtains control of one or more businesses, including those sometimes referred to as “true mergers” or “mergers


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of equals” and combinations achieved without the transfer of consideration, for example, by contract alone or through the lapse of minority veto rights. SFAS No. 141(R) applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008.

Noncontrolling Interests. In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51” (“SFAS No. 160”). SFAS No. 160 requires reporting entities to present noncontrolling (minority) interests as equity (as opposed to as a liability or mezzanine equity) and provides guidance on the accounting for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests. SFAS No. 160 applies prospectively for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. However, the presentation and disclosure requirements are to be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting SFAS No. 160.

ASF Framework. In December 2007, the American Securitization Forum (“ASF”) issued the “Streamlined Foreclosure and Loss Avoidance Framework for Securitized Subprime Adjustable Rate Mortgage Loans” (the “ASF Framework”). The overall purpose of the ASF Framework is to provide recommended guidance for servicers to streamline borrower evaluation procedures and to facilitate the effective use of all forms of foreclosure and loss prevention efforts, including refinancings, forbearances, workout plans, loan modifications, deeds-in-lieu and short sales or short payoffs. The ASF Framework is focused on certain subprime first-lien adjustable rate residential mortgage loans (“subprime ARM loans”).

The Company adopted the ASF Framework during the first quarter of fiscal 2008, but has not yet modified a significant volume of loans using the ASF Framework. As of August 31, 2008, the Company modified approximately 1,060 subprime ARM loans eligible for fast track loan modification pursuant to the ASF Framework (“eligible subprime ARM loans”) with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of approximately $224 million.

The Company estimates that the aggregate unpaid principal balance of eligible subprime ARM loans in Company-sponsored QSPEs at August 31, 2008 (including loans that are not serviced by the Company) was approximately $3.5 billion. The classification of a subprime ARM loan depends on several factors, including the delinquency status of the loan, the credit strength of the borrower, the value of the real estate securing the loan and the level of interest rates.

The Company does not expect that its application of the ASF Framework will impact the off-balance sheet status of Company-sponsored QSPEs that hold eligible subprime ARM loans and currently expects the potential impact on its condensed consolidated statements of income to be immaterial. The total amount of assets owned by Company-sponsored QSPEs that hold subprime ARM loans (including those loans that are not serviced by the Company) as of August 31, 2008, was approximately $36.6 billion. Of this amount, approximately $14.5 billion relates to subprime ARM loans serviced by the Company. The Company’s retained interests in Company sponsored QSPEs that hold subprime ARM loans totaled approximately $33 million as of August 31, 2008.

Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions. In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 140-3, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase Financing Transactions” (“FSP FAS No. 140-3”). The objective of FSP FAS 140-3 is to provide implementation guidance on accounting for a transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing. Under the guidance in FSP FAS 140-3, there is a presumption that an initial transfer of a financial asset and a repurchase financing are considered part of the same arrangement (i.e., a linked transaction) for purposes of evaluation under SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 140”). If certain


		18		3

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

criteria are met, however, the initial transfer and repurchase financing shall not be evaluated as a linked transaction and shall be evaluated separately under SFAS No. 140. FSP FAS 140-3 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the adoption of FSP FAS 140-3 to have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (“SFAS No. 161”). SFAS No. 161 amends and expands the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and requires entities to provide enhanced qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair values and amounts of gains and losses on derivative contracts, and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. SFAS No. 161 will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008.

Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets. In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FSP FAS 142-3”). FSP FAS 142-3 removes the requirement of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS No. 142”) for an entity to consider, when determining the useful life of an acquired intangible asset, whether the intangible asset can be renewed without substantial cost or material modifications to the existing terms and conditions associated with the intangible asset. FSP FAS 142-3 replaces the previous useful-life assessment criteria with a requirement that an entity considers its own experience in renewing similar arrangements. If the entity has no relevant experience, it would consider market participant assumptions regarding renewal. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting FSP FAS 142-3.

Earnings Per Share. In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, “Determining Whether Instruments Granted in Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities” (“FSP EITF 03-6-1”). FSP EITF 03-6-1 addresses whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities prior to vesting and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in computing earnings per share under the two-class method as described in SFAS No. 128, “Earnings per Share.” Under the guidance in FSP EITF 03-6-1, unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. All prior-period earnings per share data presented shall be adjusted retrospectively. Early application is not permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting FSP EITF 03-6-1.

Instruments Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock. In June 2008, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the EITF on Issue No. 07-5, “Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) Is Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock” (“EITF No. 07-5”). EITF No. 07-5 provides guidance for determining whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to an entity’s own stock. EITF No. 07-5 applies to any freestanding financial instrument or embedded feature that has all of the characteristics of a derivative or freestanding instrument that is potentially settled in an entity’s own stock (with the exception of share-based payment awards within the scope of SFAS 123(R)). To meet the definition of “indexed to own stock,” an instrument’s contingent exercise provisions must not be based on (a) an observable market, other than the market for the issuer’s stock (if applicable), or (b) an observable index, other than an index calculated or measured solely by reference to the issuer’s own operations, and the variables that could affect the settlement amount must be inputs to the fair value of a “fixed-for-fixed” forward or option on equity shares. EITF No. 07-5 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting EITF No. 07-5.


		19

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Disclosures about Credit Derivatives. In September 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4, “Disclosures about Credit Derivatives and Certain Guarantees: An Amendment of FASB Statement 133 and FASB Interpretation No. 45; and Clarification of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 161” (“FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4”). FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4 is intended to improve disclosures about credit derivatives by requiring more information about the potential adverse effects of changes in credit risk on the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of the sellers of credit derivatives. FSP FAS 133-1 and FIN 45-4 will be effective for the Company’s fiscal 2008 annual consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements. On October 3, 2008, the FASB issued the proposed FSP FAS 157-d, “Determining Fair Value in a Market That Is Not Active” (“FSP FAS 157-d”), on an expedited basis to help constituents measure fair value in markets that are not active. FSP FAS 157-d is expected to be consistent with the joint press release the FASB issued with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on September 30, 2008, which provides general clarification guidance on determining fair value under SFAS No. 157 when markets are inactive. The FASB is expected to meet on October 10, 2008, to review comments received and vote on a final FSP which would be effective upon issuance. The Company will evaluate the impact of adopting the final FSP once issued.

Transfers of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities and Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. In September 2008, the FASB issued for comment revisions to SFAS No. 140 and FASB Interpretation No. 46, as revised (“FIN 46R”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” The changes proposed include a removal of the scope exemption from FIN 46R for QSPEs, a revision of the current risks and rewards-based FIN 46R consolidation model to a qualitative model based on control and a requirement that consolidation of VIEs be reevaluated on an ongoing basis. Although the revised standards have not yet been finalized, these changes may have a significant impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as the Company may be required to consolidate QSPEs to which the Company has previously sold assets. In addition, the Company may also be required to consolidate other VIEs that are not currently consolidated based an analysis under the current FIN 46R consolidation model. The proposed revisions would be effective for fiscal years that begin after November 15, 2009.


		20

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

2.	Fair Value Disclosures.

Fair Value Measurements.

The Company’s assets and liabilities recorded at fair value have been categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy in accordance with SFAS No. 157. See Note 1 for a discussion of the Company’s policies regarding this hierarchy.

The following fair value hierarchy tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007:

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of August 31, 2008


	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting			Balance as of August 31, 2008
	(dollars in millions)
Assets
Cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements	$	21,775	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	21,775
Financial instruments owned:
U.S. government and agency securities		10,785		17,816		354		—			28,955
Other sovereign government obligations		28,629		7,382		25		—			36,036
Corporate and other debt		133		85,774		32,979		—			118,886
Corporate equities		75,928		4,403		980		—			81,311
Derivative and other contracts(1)		3,112		128,011		31,454		(74,997	)		87,580
Investments		654		1,840		12,305		—			14,799
Physical commodities		—		3,988		—		—			3,988

Total financial instruments owned		119,241		249,214		78,097		(74,997	)		371,555
Securities received as collateral		15,737		3,496		2		—			19,235
Intangible assets(2)		—		—		278		—			278

Liabilities
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings	$	—	$	3,858	$	—	$	—		$	3,858
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
U.S. government and agency securities		8,805		1,414		—		—			10,219
Other sovereign government obligations		13,058		4,709		—		—			17,767
Corporate and other debt		67		10,125		1,202		—			11,394
Corporate equities		40,548		1,619		13		—			42,180
Derivative and other contracts(1)		5,022		103,280		16,302		(56,203	)		68,401
Physical commodities		—		464		—		—			464

Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased		67,500		121,611		17,517		(56,203	)		150,425
Obligation to return securities received as collateral		15,737		3,496		2		—			19,235
Other secured financings		—		19,695		3,025		—			22,720
Long-term borrowings		—		37,472		5,642		—			43,114

(1)

For positions with the same counterparty that cross over the levels of the fair value hierarchy, both counterparty netting and cash collateral netting are included in the column titled “Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting.” For contracts with the same counterparty, counterparty netting among positions classified within the same level is included within that level.

(2)	Amount represents mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) accounted for at fair value (see Note 4).


		21

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of November 30, 2007


	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting			Balance as of November 30, 2007
	(dollars in millions)
Assets
Cash and securities deposited with clearing organizations or segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements	$	31,354	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	31,354
Financial instruments owned:
U.S. government and agency securities		11,038		12,189		660		—			23,887
Other sovereign government obligations		15,834		5,743		29		—			21,606
Corporate and other debt		223		110,443		37,058		—			147,724
Corporate equities		82,592		3,549		1,236		—			87,377
Derivative and other contracts(1)		4,526		90,654		21,601		(39,778	)		77,003
Investments		953		249		13,068		—			14,270
Physical commodities		—		3,096		—		—			3,096

Total financial instruments owned		115,166		225,923		73,652		(39,778	)		374,963
Securities received as collateral		68,031		14,191		7		—			82,229
Intangible assets(2)		—		428		—		—			428

Liabilities
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings	$	—	$	3,068	$	—	$	—		$	3,068
Deposits		—		3,769		—		—			3,769
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
U.S. government and agency securities		8,208		13		—		—			8,221
Other sovereign government obligations		9,633		5,994		—		—			15,627
Corporate and other debt		16		6,454		1,122		—			7,592
Corporate equities		29,948		935		16		—			30,899
Derivative and other contracts(1)		7,031		86,968		15,663		(38,058	)		71,604
Physical commodities		—		398		—		—			398

Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased		54,836		100,762		16,801		(38,058	)		134,341
Obligation to return securities received as collateral		68,031		14,191		7		—			82,229
Other secured financings		—		25,451		2,321		—			27,772
Long-term borrowings		—		37,994		398		—			38,392

(1)

(2)	Amount represents MSRs accounted for at fair value (see Note 4).


		22

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the quarters and nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and August 31, 2007. Level 3 instruments may be hedged with instruments classified in Level 1 and Level 2. As a result, the realized and unrealized gains or (losses) for assets and liabilities within the Level 3 category presented in the tables below do not reflect the related realized and unrealized gains or (losses) on hedging instruments that have been classified by the Company within the Level 1 and/or Level 2 categories. Additionally, both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. As a result, the unrealized gains or (losses) during the period for assets and liabilities within the Level 3 category presented in the tables below may include changes in fair value during the period that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long-dated volatilities) inputs.

The following tables reflect gains and losses, including gains and losses on assets and liabilities that were transferred to Level 3 during the period, for the quarters and nine month periods for all assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 as of August 31, 2008 and August 31, 2007, respectively. The tables do not include gains or losses that were reported in Level 3 in prior periods for instruments that were transferred out of Level 3 prior to the end of the period presented.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2008


	Beginning Balance		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains or (Losses)(1)			Purchases, Sales, Other Settlements and Issuances, net			Net Transfers In and/or (Out) of Level 3			Ending Balance		Unrealized Gains or (Losses) for Level 3 Assets/ Liabilities Outstanding at August 31, 2008
	(dollars in millions)
Assets
Financial instruments owned:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	274	$	4		$	24		$	52		$	354	$	4
Other sovereign government obligations		28		(1	)		6			(8	)		25		—
Corporate and other debt		29,675		(1,217	)		1,614			2,907			32,979		(1,318	)
Corporate equities		1,221		(134	)		(191	)		84			980		(105	)
Net derivative and other contracts(2)		14,149		2,638			(1,351	)		(284	)		15,152		3,831
Investments		12,720		(373	)		(42	)		—			12,305		(400	)
Securities received as collateral		4		—			(2	)		—			2		—
Intangible assets		—		(71	)		8			341			278		(69	)

Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate and other debt	$	876	$	159		$	486		$	(1	)	$	1,202	$	80
Corporate equities		120		30			(77	)		—			13		—
Obligation to return securities received as collateral		4		—			(2	)		—			2		—
Other secured financings		3,331		—			(306	)		—			3,025		—
Long-term borrowings		5,815		133			(30	)		(10	)		5,642		118

(1)	Total realized and unrealized gains or (losses) are primarily included in Principal transactions—trading in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

(2)	Net derivative and other contracts represent Financial instruments owned—derivative and other contracts net of Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—derivative and other contracts.


		23

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Corporate and other debt. The net losses from Corporate and other debt were primarily due to writedowns on certain corporate loans, asset-backed securities and collateralized debt obligation cash positions.

Amounts included in the Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances, net column primarily relate to net purchases of mortgage proprietary products and corporate loans.

The Company reclassified certain Corporate and other debt from Level 2 to Level 3. These transfers primarily related to certain corporate loans, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations. The reclassifications were due to a reduction in the volume of recently executed transactions and market price quotations for these instruments such that the inputs for these instruments became unobservable. Partially offsetting the reclassifications to Level 3 were reclassifications from Level 3 to Level 2 of certain corporate loans and loan commitments as some liquidity re-entered the market for these specific positions and inputs for these instruments became observable.

Financial instruments owned—Net derivative and other contracts. The net gains from Net derivative and other contracts were primarily driven by bespoke basket default swaps and single name credit default swaps.

Amounts included in the Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances, net column primarily relate to net sales of mortgage proprietary and securitized credit products.

Intangible assets. The Company reclassified MSRs from Level 2 to Level 3 as significant inputs to the valuation model became unobservable during the period.


		24

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2007


	Beginning Balance		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains or (Losses)(1)			Purchases, Sales, Other Settlements and Issuances, net			Net Transfers In and/or (Out) of Level 3			Ending Balance		Unrealized Gains or (Losses) for Level 3 Assets/ Liabilities Outstanding at August 31, 2007
	(dollars in millions)
Assets
Financial instruments owned:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	63	$	15		$	2,098		$	—		$	2,176	$	1
Other sovereign government obligations		24		1			48			—			73		—
Corporate and other debt		35,264		(1,798	)		6,383			3,496			43,345		(1,705	)
Corporate equities		1,504		(50	)		(30	)		262			1,686		39
Net derivative and other contracts(2)		1,918		5,347			(482	)		1,121			7,904		5,386
Investments		8,528		555			2,163			143			11,389		433
Securities received as collateral		—		—			240			—			240		—
Other investments		—		(22	)		1,603			54			1,635		(22	)
Other assets(3)		2,446		—			(2,446	)		—			—		—

Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate and other debt	$	89	$	(613	)	$	586		$	136		$	1,424	$	(615	)
Corporate equities		63		1			(25	)		(1	)		36		(3	)
Obligation to return securities received as collateral		—		—			240			—			240		—
Other secured financings		8,348		—			(913	)		—			7,435		—
Long-term borrowings		446		28			(1	)		—			417		27

(1)

Total realized and unrealized gains or (losses) are included in Principal transactions—trading in the condensed consolidated statements of income except for $555 million related to Financial instruments owned—investments, which is included in Principal transactions—investments. In addition, $(22) million related to Other investments, which is included in Other comprehensive income.

(2)	Net derivative and other contracts represent Financial instruments owned—derivative and other contracts net of Financial instrument sold, not yet purchased— derivative and other contracts.

(3)	Other assets were disposed of in connection with the Discover Spin-off.

Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Corporate and other debt. The net losses were primarily driven by certain asset backed securities, including residential and commercial mortgage loans, and by corporate loans and loan commitments.

Financial instruments owned—Net derivative and other contracts. The net gains in Level 3 Net derivative and other contracts were primarily driven by certain credit default swaps and other instruments associated with the Company’s credit products and securitized products activities. The Company recorded offsetting net losses in Level 2 Net derivative and other contracts, which were primarily associated with the Company’s credit products and securitized products activities.


		25

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Financial instruments owned—Investments. The net gains from Financial instruments owned—investments were primarily related to investments associated with the Company’s real estate products and private equity portfolio.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis for the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2008


	Beginning Balance		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains or (Losses)(1)			Purchases, Sales, Other Settlements and Issuances, net			Net Transfers In and/or (Out) of Level 3			Ending Balance		Unrealized Gains or (Losses) for Level 3 Assets/ Liabilities Outstanding at August 31, 2008
	(dollars in millions)
Assets
Financial instruments owned:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	660	$	47		$	(239	)	$	(114	)	$	354	$	16
Other sovereign government obligations		29		(4	)		1			(1	)		25		—
Corporate and other debt		37,058		(5,328	)		791			458			32,979		(3,734	)
Corporate equities		1,236		(142	)		(94	)		(20	)		980		(78	)
Net derivative and other contracts(2)		5,938		8,578			1,226			(590	)		15,152		7,943
Investments		13,068		(626	)		1,665			(1,802	)		12,305		(514	)
Securities received as collateral		7		—			(5	)		—			2		—
Intangible assets		—		(162	)		19			421			278		(160	)

Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate and other debt	$	1,122	$	57		$	109		$	28		$	1,202	$	(111	)
Corporate equities		16		(300	)		(364	)		61			13		4
Obligation to return securities received as collateral		7		—			(5	)		—			2		—
Other secured financings		2,321		—			704			—			3,025		—
Long-term borrowings		398		100			5,636			(292	)		5,642		116

(1)	Total realized and unrealized gains or (losses) are primarily included in Principal transactions—trading in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

(2)	Net derivative and other contracts represent Financial instruments owned—derivative and other contracts net of Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—derivative and other contracts.

Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Corporate and other debt. The net losses in Level 3 Corporate and other debt were primarily driven by certain asset-backed securities, including residential and commercial mortgage loans, certain collateralized debt obligations (including collateralized bond obligations and collateralized loan obligations) and by corporate loans and loan commitments.

Financial instruments owned—Net derivative and other contracts. The net gains in Level 3 Net derivative and other contracts were primarily driven by certain basket default swaps and single name default swaps.


		26

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Financial instruments owned—Investments. The Company reclassified investments from Level 3 to Level 2 because certain significant inputs for the fair value measurement were identified and, therefore, became observable.

Long-term borrowings. Amounts included in the Purchases, sales, other settlements and issuances, net column primarily relates to the issuance of junior subordinated debentures related to China Investment Corporation investment (see Note 10).

Intangible assets. The Company reclassified MSRs from Level 2 to Level 3 as significant inputs to the valuation model became unobservable during the period.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis for the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2007


	Beginning Balance		Total Realized and Unrealized Gains or (Losses)(1)			Purchases, Sales, Other Settlements and Issuances, net			Net Transfers In and/or (Out) of Level 3		Ending Balance		Unrealized Gains or (Losses) for Level 3 Assets/ Liabilities Outstanding at August 31, 2007
	(dollars in millions)
Assets
Financial instruments owned:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	2	$	5		$	2,169		$	—	$	2,176	$	—
Other sovereign government obligations		162		11			(100	)		—		73		3
Corporate and other debt		33,941		(3,015	)		8,929			3,490		43,345		(1,337	)
Corporate equities		1,040		75			328			243		1,686		362
Net derivative and other contracts(2)		30		7,155			(701	)		1,420		7,904		8,503
Investments		3,879		1,989			5,504			17		11,389		1,560
Securities received as collateral		40		—			200			—		240		—
Other investments		—		(22	)		1,603			54		1,635		(22	)
Other assets(3)		2,154		32			(2,186	)		—		—		—

Liabilities
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased:
Corporate and other debt	$	185	$	(716	)	$	200		$	323	$	1,424	$	(770	)
Corporate equities		9		(9	)		14			4		36		(2	)
Obligation to return securities received as collateral		40		—			200			—		240		—
Other secured financings		4,724		—			2,711			—		7,435		—
Long-term borrowings		464		(76	)		(123	)		—		417		(76	)

(1)

Total realized and unrealized gains or (losses) are included in Principal transactions—trading in the condensed consolidated statements of income except for amounts of $1,978 million and $11 million related to Financial instruments owned—investments, which are included in Principal transactions—investments and Other revenues, respectively. In addition, $(22) million related to Other investments, which is included in Other comprehensive income and the $32 million related to Other assets is associated with DFS and included in discontinued operations.

(2)	Net derivative and other contracts represent Financial instruments owned—derivative and other contracts net of Financial instrument sold, not yet purchased— derivative and other contracts.

(3)	Other assets were disposed of in connection with the Discover Spin-off.


		27

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Corporate and other debt. The net losses in Level 3 Corporate and other debt were primarily driven by certain asset backed securities, including residential and commercial mortgage loans, and by corporate loans and loan commitments.

Financial instruments owned—Net derivative and other contracts. The net gains from Net derivative and other contracts were primarily driven by certain credit default swaps and other instruments associated with the Company’s credit products and securitized products activities. The Company recorded offsetting net losses in Level 2 Net derivative and other contracts, which were primarily associated with the Company’s credit products and securitized products activities.

Financial instruments owned—Investments. The net gains from Financial instruments owned—investments were primarily related to investments associated with the Company’s real estate products and private equity portfolio.

Fair Value Option.

The following tables present gains and (losses) due to changes in fair value for items measured at fair value pursuant to the fair value option election for the quarters and nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007. In addition to the amounts below, as discussed in Note 1, all of the instruments within Financial instruments owned or Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased are measured at fair value, either through the election of SFAS No. 159 or as required by other accounting pronouncements.


	Principal Transactions: Trading			Net Interest Revenue			Gains (Losses) Included in Net Revenues
	(dollars in millions)
Three Months Ended August 31, 2008
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings	$	277		$	—		$	277
Deposits		5			—			5
Long-term borrowings		3,528			(27	)		3,501

Three Months Ended August 31, 2007
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings	$	(44	)	$	(6	)	$	(50	)
Deposits		(2	)		—			(2	)
Long-term borrowings		107			(90	)		17

Nine Months Ended August 31, 2008
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings	$	428		$	(2	)	$	426
Deposits		(5	)		—			(5	)
Long-term borrowings		3,912			(555	)		3,357

Nine Months Ended August 31, 2007
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings	$	(144	)	$	(11	)	$	(155	)
Deposits		(1	)		—			(1	)
Long-term borrowings		83			(268	)		(185	)

For the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2008, the estimated changes in the fair value of the Company’s short-term and long-term borrowings, including structured notes and junior subordinated debentures, for


		28

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

which the fair value option was elected that were attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads were gains of approximately $1,595 million and $2,571 million, respectively. The gains were attributable to the widening of the Company’s credit spreads and were determined based upon observations of the Company’s secondary bond market spreads. For the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007, the estimated changes in the fair value of the Company’s short-term and long-term borrowings, including structured notes and junior subordinated debentures, for which the fair value option was elected that were attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads were gains of approximately $390 million. As of August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, the aggregate contractual principal amount of long-term debt instruments for which the fair value option was elected exceeded the fair value of such instruments by approximately $5,027 million and $1,572 million, respectively.

The estimated changes in the fair value of certain financial instruments included in Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, for which the fair value option was elected that was attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads were gains of approximately $309 million and $260 million, respectively, in the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2008. The gains were related to contingent loan commitments. These contingent loan commitments closed and, accordingly, the contracts were reclassified from Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased–Corporate and other debt to Financial instruments owned–Corporate and other debt as the contracts became funded loan assets. The gains on contingent loan commitments discussed above were partially offset by losses on loan assets for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2008. See discussion below regarding changes in instrument-specific credit spreads related to loan assets. For the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007, the estimated changes in the fair value of certain financial instruments included in Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased for which the fair value option was elected that were attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads were losses of approximately $750 million. This loss was related to contingent loan commitments and was attributable to the illiquid market conditions that existed late in the third quarter of fiscal 2007. It was generally determined based on the differential between estimated expected client yields at August 31, 2007 and contractual yields.

As of August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, the aggregate contractual principal amount of loans for which the fair value option was elected exceeded the fair value of such loans by approximately $24,525 million and $28,880 million, respectively. The aggregate fair value of loans that were 90 or more days past due as of August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007 was $2,081 million and $6,588 million, respectively. The aggregate contractual principal amount of such loans 90 or more days past due exceeded their fair value by approximately $19,914 million and $23,501 million at August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, respectively. This difference in amount primarily emanates from the Company’s distressed debt trading business, which purchases distressed debt at amounts well below par.

For the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2008, changes in the fair value of loans for which the fair value option was elected that were attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads were losses of $687 million and $1,606 million, respectively. Instrument-specific credit losses were determined by excluding the non-credit components of gains and losses, such as those due to changes in interest rates. For the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007, changes in the fair value of loans for which the fair value option was elected that were attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit spreads were losses of $1,309 million and $1,093 million, respectively.

3.	Collateralized Transactions.

Securities purchased under agreements to resell (“reverse repurchase agreements”) and Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), principally government and agency securities, are carried at the amounts at which the securities subsequently will be resold or reacquired as specified in the respective agreements; such amounts include accrued interest. Reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis, when appropriate. The Company’s policy is to take possession of securities purchased under agreements to resell. Securities borrowed and Securities loaned are carried at the amounts of cash collateral advanced and received in connection with the transactions. Other secured financings


		29

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

include the liabilities related to transfers of financial assets that are accounted for as financings rather than sales, consolidated variable interest entities where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and certain equity-referenced securities and loans where in all instances these liabilities are payable solely from the cash flows of the related assets accounted for as Financial instruments owned.

The Company pledges its financial instruments owned to collateralize repurchase agreements and other securities financings. Pledged securities that can be sold or repledged by the secured party are identified as Financial instruments owned (pledged to various parties) in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The carrying value and classification of securities owned by the Company that have been loaned or pledged to counterparties where those counterparties do not have the right to sell or repledge the collateral were as follows:


	At August 31, 2008		At November 30, 2007
	(dollars in millions)
Financial instruments owned:
U.S. government and agency securities	$	5,274	$	7,134
Other sovereign government obligations		6,068		333
Corporate and other debt		30,683		32,530
Corporate equities		3,788		1,133

Total	$	45,813	$	41,130

The Company enters into reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions to, among other things, acquire securities to cover short positions and settle other securities obligations, to accommodate customers’ needs and to finance the Company’s inventory positions. The Company also engages in securities financing transactions for customers through margin lending. Under these agreements and transactions, the Company either receives or provides collateral, including U.S. government and agency securities, other sovereign government obligations, corporate and other debt, and corporate equities. The Company receives collateral in the form of securities in connection with reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowed and derivative transactions, and customer margin loans. In many cases, the Company is permitted to sell or repledge these securities held as collateral and use the securities to secure repurchase agreements, to enter into securities lending and derivative transactions or for delivery to counterparties to cover short positions. At August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, the fair value of securities received as collateral where the Company is permitted to sell or repledge the securities was $877 billion and $948 billion, respectively, and the fair value of the portion that had been sold or repledged was $680 billion and $708 billion, respectively.

The Company additionally receives securities as collateral in connection with certain securities for securities transactions in which the Company is the lender. In instances where the Company is permitted to sell or repledge these securities, the Company reports the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. At August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, $19 billion and $82 billion, respectively, were reported as Securities received as collateral and an Obligation to return securities received as collateral in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Collateral received in connection with these transactions that was subsequently repledged was approximately $18 billion and $72 billion at August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, respectively.

The Company manages credit exposure arising from reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, securities borrowed and securities loaned transactions by, in appropriate circumstances, entering into master netting agreements and collateral arrangements with counterparties that provide the Company, in the event of a


		30

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

customer default, the right to liquidate collateral and the right to offset a counterparty’s rights and obligations. The Company also monitors the fair value of the underlying securities as compared with the related receivable or payable, including accrued interest, and, as necessary, requests additional collateral to ensure such transactions are adequately collateralized. Where deemed appropriate, the Company’s agreements with third parties specify its rights to request additional collateral. Customer receivables generated from margin lending activity are collateralized by customer-owned securities held by the Company. For these transactions, adherence to the Company’s collateral policies significantly limits the Company’s credit exposure in the event of customer default. The Company may request additional margin collateral from customers, if appropriate, and, if necessary, may sell securities that have not been paid for or purchase securities sold but not delivered from customers.

4.	Securitization Activities and Variable Interest Entities.

Securitization Activities. The Company engages in securitization activities related to commercial and residential mortgage loans, U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations, corporate bonds and loans, municipal bonds and other types of financial assets. Special purpose entities (“SPEs”), also known as VIEs, are typically used in such securitization transactions. The Company does not consolidate certain securitization vehicles, commonly known as QSPEs, if they meet certain criteria regarding the types of assets and derivatives they may hold, the types of sales they may engage in and the range of discretion they may exercise in connection with the assets they hold. The determination of whether an SPE meets the criteria to be a QSPE requires considerable judgment, particularly in evaluating whether the permitted activities of the SPE are significantly limited and in determining whether derivatives held by the SPE are passive and nonexcessive. See Note 1 for further information on QSPEs.

The following table presents the total assets (unpaid principal amount) of, and retained interests in, QSPEs to which the Company acting as principal, has transferred assets and received sales treatment:


	At August 31, 2008
	QSPE Assets		Retained Interests
	(dollars in millions)
Residential mortgage loans	$	70,710	$	874
Commercial mortgage loans		113,888		556
U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations		29,623		674
Other		3,751		—

Total	$	217,972	$	2,104

Transferred assets are carried at fair value prior to securitization, and any changes in fair value are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company may act as underwriter of the beneficial interests issued by securitization vehicles. Underwriting net revenues are recognized in connection with these transactions. The Company may retain interests in the securitized financial assets as one or more tranches of the securitization. These retained interests are included in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition at fair value. Any changes in the fair value of such retained interests are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Net gains at the time of securitization were not material in the nine month period ended August 31, 2008.


		31

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

The following tables present information on the Company’s residential mortgage loan, commercial mortgage loan and U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligation securitization transactions. Key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current fair value of the retained interests to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in those assumptions as of August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007 were as follows (dollars in millions):


At August 31, 2008:	Residential Mortgage Loans			Commercial Mortgage Loans			U.S. Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Investment grade retained interests	$	780		$	435		$	674
Non-investment grade retained interests		94			121			—

Total retained interests (carrying amount/fair value)	$	874		$	556		$	674

Weighted average life (in months)		58			31			65
Range		4.0 - 230			3.0 - 111			4.0 - 270
Weighted average discount rate (per annum)		14.54	%		13.24	%		6.58	%
Range		5.84 - 107.32	%		3.00 - 37.17	%		0.25 - 51.85	%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$	(27	)	$	(12	)	$	(16	)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	$	(52	)	$	(24	)	$	(31	)
Weighted average credit losses(1)(2)		4.33	%		10.77	%		0.00	%
Range		0.00 - 33.61	%		0.00 - 33.90	%		0.00 - 0.00	%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$	(10	)	$	(7	)	$	—
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	$	(17	)	$	(14	)	$	—
Weighted average prepayment speed assumption (“PSA”)(3)		796			—			267
Range		0 - 1,038	PSA		—			139 - 529	PSA
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change(4)	$	(12	)	$	—		$	(4	)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change(4)	$	(23	)	$	—		$	(8	)

(1)	Residential mortgage loans credit loss rate stated in terms of cumulative loss rate. Commercial mortgage loans credit loss rate stated in terms of annualized loss rate.

(2)	Credit losses are computed only on positions for which expected credit loss is either a key assumption in the determination of fair value or is not reflected in the discount rate.

(3)	Commercial mortgage loans typically contain provisions that either prohibit or economically penalize the borrower from prepaying the loan for a specified period of time.

(4)	Amounts for residential mortgage loans exclude positive valuation effects from immediate 10% and 20% changes.


		32

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)


At November 30, 2007:	Residential Mortgage Loans			Commercial Mortgage Loans			U.S. Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Investment grade retained interests	$	2,048		$	678		$	826
Non-investment grade retained interests		1,167			406			—

Total retained interests (carrying amount/fair value)	$	3,215		$	1,084		$	826

Weighted average life (in months)		49			57			51
Range		1 - 322			0.5 - 139			1 - 271
Weighted average discount rate (per annum)		12.55	%		8.48	%		6.04	%
Range		1.12 - 74.10	%		3.00 - 16.83	%		0.75 - 18.12	%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$	(114	)	$	(14	)	$	(16	)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	$	(218	)	$	(28	)	$	(31	)
Weighted average credit losses(1)(2)		4.52	%		3.24	%		0.00	%
Range		0.00 - 12.00	%		0.00 - 13.69	%		0.00 -0.00	%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$	(215	)	$	(5	)	$	—
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	$	(371	)	$	(10	)	$	—
Weighted average prepayment speed assumption(“PSA”)(3)		1,173			—			301
Range		188 - 2,250	PSA		—			167 - 718	PSA
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change(4)	$	(118	)	$	—		$	(7	)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change(4)	$	(194	)	$	—		$	(19	)

(1)	Residential mortgage loans credit loss rate stated in terms of cumulative loss rate. Commercial mortgage loans credit loss rate stated in terms of annualized loss rate.

(2)	Credit losses are computed only on positions for which expected credit loss is either a key assumption in the determination of fair value or is not reflected in the discount rate.

(3)	Commercial mortgage loans typically contain provisions that either prohibit or economically penalize the borrower from prepaying the loan for a specified period of time.

(4)	Amounts for residential mortgage loans exclude positive valuation effects from immediate 10% and 20% changes.

The weighted average assumptions and parameters used initially to value retained interests in relation to securitizations that were still held by the Company as of August 31, 2008 were as follows:


	Residential Mortgage Loans		Commercial Mortgage Loans		U.S. Agency Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
Weighted average life (in months)	73		44		62
Weighted average discount rate (rate per annum)	9.04	%	7.04	%	6.4	6%
Weighted average credit losses(1)(2)	4.57	%	1.67	%	—
Weighted average prepayment speed assumptions	1,511	PSA	—		28	3PSA

(1)	Residential mortgage loans credit loss rate stated in terms of cumulative loss rate. Commercial mortgage loans credit loss rate stated in terms of annualized loss rate.

(2)	Credit losses are computed only on positions for which expected credit loss is either a key assumption in the determination of fair value or is not reflected in the discount rate.

The tables above do not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments that the Company may utilize to hedge risks inherent in its retained interests. In addition, the sensitivity analysis is hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on a 10% or 20% variation in an assumption generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in the assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of the retained interests is


		33

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

calculated independently of changes in any other assumption; in practice, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. In addition, the sensitivity analysis does not consider any corrective action that the Company may take to mitigate the impact of any adverse changes in the key assumptions.

During the nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company received proceeds from new securitization transactions of $7.0 billion and $55.9 billion, respectively, and cash flows from retained interests in securitization transactions of $2.2 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively.

Variable Interest Entities. FIN 46R applies to certain entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the party that absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, receives a majority of its expected residual returns or both, as a result of holding variable interests. The Company consolidates entities of which it is the primary beneficiary. For those entities deemed to be QSPEs (as defined in SFAS No. 140), the Company does not consolidate the entity. See Note 1 regarding the characteristics of QSPEs.

The Company is involved with various entities in the normal course of business that may be deemed to be VIEs. The Company’s variable interests in VIEs include debt and equity interests, commitments, guarantees and derivative instruments. The Company’s involvement with VIEs arises primarily from:

•

Purchased, sold and retained interests in connection with market making and securitization activities.

•

Guarantees issued and residual interests retained in connection with municipal bond securitizations.

•

Loans and investments made to VIEs that hold debt, equity, real estate or other assets.

•

Derivatives entered into with variable interest entities.

•

Structuring of credit linked notes or other asset-repackaged notes designed to meet the investment objectives of clients.

•

Other structured transactions designed to provide enhanced, tax-efficient yields to the Company or its clients.

The following table presents information about the Company’s total assets and maximum exposure to loss associated with VIEs as of August 31, 2008 which the Company consolidates. The Company generally accounts for the assets held by the entities as Financial instruments owned and the liabilities of the entities as Other secured financings in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition (dollars in millions):


	VIE Assets That the Company Consolidates		At August 31, 2008 Maximum Exposure to Loss in Consolidated VIEs
	VIE Assets That the Company Consolidates		Debt and Equity Interests		Derivatives		Commitments and Guarantees		Total
Mortgage and asset-backed securitizations	$	5,218	$	1,517	$	6	$	—	$	1,523
Municipal bond trusts		997		14		—		983		997
Credit and real estate		4,713		2,927		2,167		—		5,094
Commodities financing		1,075		—		157		—		157
Other structured transactions		16,023		13,629		—		9		13,638

	$	28,026	$	18,087	$	2,330	$	992	$	21,409


		34

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

The following table presents information about the Company’s total assets and maximum exposure to loss associated with non-consolidated VIEs as of August 31, 2008 in which the Company had significant variable interests (dollars in millions):


	VIE Assets That the Company Does not Consolidate		At August 31, 2008 Maximum Exposure to Loss in Non-consolidated VIEs
	VIE Assets That the Company Does not Consolidate		Debt and Equity Interests		Derivatives		Commitments and Guarantees		Total
Mortgage and asset-backed securitizations	$	5,335	$	73	$	53	$	—	$	126
Municipal bond trusts		407		262		—		89		351
Credit and real estate		8,255		4,284		711		—		4,995
Other structured transactions		13,741		2,269		—		495		2,764

	$	27,738	$	6,888	$	764	$	584	$	8,236

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss often differs from the carrying value of the VIE’s assets. The maximum exposure to loss is dependent on the nature of the Company’s variable interest in the VIEs and is limited to the notional amounts of certain liquidity facilities, other credit support, total return swaps, written put options, and the fair value of certain other derivatives and investments the Company has made in the VIEs. Where notional amounts are utilized in quantifying maximum exposure related to derivatives, such amounts do not reflect writedowns already recorded by the Company. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss does not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments that the Company may utilize to hedge these risks associated with the Company’s variable interests.

In addition, the Company serves as an advisor to numerous money market and liquidity funds. The Company does not consolidate these funds because the Company does not have a controlling financial interest in the funds nor is it the primary beneficiary of such funds. The Company also does not have a significant variable interest in such funds.

Mortgage Servicing Rights. The Company may retain servicing rights to certain mortgage loans that are sold through its securitization activities. These transactions create an asset referred to as MSRs, which totaled approximately $278 million as of August 31, 2008 and are included within Intangible assets in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.

The valuation of MSRs include projecting servicing cash flows and discounting such cash flows using an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate. These valuations require estimation of various assumptions, including future servicing fees, credit losses and other related costs, discount rates and mortgage prepayment speeds. The Company also compares the estimated fair values of the MSRs from the valuations with observable trades of similar instruments or portfolios. Due to subsequent changes in economic and market conditions, the actual rates of prepayments, credit losses and the value of collateral may differ significantly from the Company’s original estimates. Such differences could be material. If actual prepayment rates and credit losses were higher than those assumed, the value of the Company’s MSRs could be adversely affected. The Company may hedge a portion of its MSRs through the use of financial instruments, including certain derivative contracts.

5.	Derivative and Other Contracts.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into a variety of derivative contracts related to financial instruments and commodities. The Company uses these instruments for trading and investment purposes, as well as for asset and liability management. These instruments generally represent future commitments to swap interest payment streams, exchange currencies, or purchase or sell commodities and other financial instruments on specific terms at specified future dates. Many of these products have maturities that do not extend beyond one year, although swaps, options and equity warrants typically have longer maturities. For further discussion of these matters, refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 included in the Form 10-K.


		35

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Future changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or the fair values of the financial instruments, commodities or indices underlying these contracts ultimately may result in cash settlements exceeding fair value amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. The amounts in the following table represent the fair value of exchange traded and OTC options and other derivative contracts (including interest rate, foreign exchange, and other forward contracts and swaps) for trading and investment and for asset and liability management, net of offsetting positions in situations where netting is appropriate. The asset amounts are not reported net of non-cash collateral, which the Company obtains with respect to certain of these transactions to reduce its exposure to credit losses. In accordance with the provisions of FSP FIN 39-1, the Company offset cash collateral receivables and payables of $33 billion and $52 billion, respectively, against net derivative positions as of August 31, 2008.

Credit risk with respect to derivative instruments arises from the failure of a counterparty to perform according to the terms of the contract. The Company’s exposure to credit risk at any point in time is represented by the net fair value of the contracts reported as assets. The Company monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to these transactions on an ongoing basis and requests additional collateral when deemed necessary.

The Company’s derivatives (both listed and OTC), on a net of counterparty and cash collateral basis, as of August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007 are summarized in the table below, showing the fair value of the related assets and liabilities by product category:


	At August 31, 2008				At November 30, 2007
Product Type	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
	(dollars in millions)
Interest rate and currency swaps, interest rate options, credit derivatives and other fixed income securities contracts	$	40,970	$	23,465	$	33,804	$	19,515
Foreign exchange forward contracts and options		9,303		8,297		7,755		9,372
Equity securities contracts (including equity swaps, warrants and options)		16,649		19,722		19,913		27,887
Commodity forwards, options and swaps		20,658		16,917		15,531		14,830

Total	$	87,580	$	68,401	$	77,003	$	71,604

6.	Goodwill and Net Intangible Assets.

During the quarter ended August 31, 2008, the Company completed the annual goodwill impairment test (as of June 1 in each fiscal year). The Company’s testing did not indicate any goodwill impairment. Changes in the carrying amount of the Company’s goodwill and intangible assets for the nine month period ended August 31, 2008 were as follows:


	Institutional Securities			Global Wealth Management Group			Asset Management			Total
	(dollars in millions)
*Goodwill:*
Balance at November 30, 2007	$	1,555		$	297		$	1,172		$	3,024
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other		(58	)		11			(3	)		(50	)
Goodwill acquired during the period		31			—			—			31
Goodwill disposed of during the period(1)		(5	)		(39	)		—			(44	)

Balance at August 31, 2008	$	1,523		$	269		$	1,169		$	2,961

(1)	Global Wealth Management Group activity primarily represents goodwill disposed of in connection with the Company’s sale of Morgan Stanley Wealth Management S.V., S.A.U. (see Note 16).


		36

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Due to the deterioration in the broader credit markets, the Company performed an interim impairment test of goodwill at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2008, which did not result in impairment.


	Institutional Securities			Asset Management			Total
	(dollars in millions)
*Intangible Assets:*
Amortizable intangible assets at November 30, 2007	$	386		$	233		$	619
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other		(11	)		—			(11	)
Intangible assets acquired during the period(1)		36			230			266
Intangible assets disposed of during the period(2)		(54	)		(6	)		(60	)
Amortization expense		(37	)		(20	)		(57	)

Amortizable intangible assets at August 31, 2008		320			437			757
Mortgage servicing rights (see Note 4)		278			—			278

Balance at August 31, 2008	$	598		$	437		$	1,035

(1)	Asset Management activity primarily represents intangible assets acquired in connection with the Company’s consolidation of Crescent.

(2)	Institutional Securities activity primarily represents intangible assets disposed of in connection with the Company’s sale of a controlling interest in a previously consolidated commodities subsidiary.

7.	Long-Term Borrowings.

Long-term borrowings as of August 31, 2008 consisted of the following (dollars in millions):


	U.S. Dollar		Non-U.S. Dollar		At August 31, 2008
Due in 1 year	$	29,420	$	6,084	$	35,504
Due in 2 years		20,700		8,123		28,823
Due in 3 years		9,940		9,120		19,060
Due in 4 years		9,678		13,326		23,004
Due in 5 years		5,293		14,148		19,441
Due in 6 years		6,573		13,775		20,348
Due in 7 years		3,871		446		4,317
Due in 8 years		5,199		6,684		11,883
Due in 9 years		10,388		7,654		18,042
Due in 10 years		7,566		2,546		10,112
Thereafter		8,241		3,552		11,793

Total	$	116,869	$	85,458	$	202,327


		37

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

The Company’s long-term borrowings included the following components:


	At August 31, 2008		At November 30, 2007
	(dollars in millions)
Senior debt	$	187,880	$	181,733
Subordinated debt		4,083		4,015
Junior subordinated debentures		10,364		4,876

Total	$	202,327	$	190,624

During the nine month period ended August 31, 2008, the Company issued notes with a carrying value at quarter-end aggregating $42.8 billion, including non-U.S. dollar currency notes aggregating $14.4 billion. During the nine month period ended August 31, 2008, $31.3 billion of notes were repaid.

The weighted average maturity of the Company’s long-term borrowings, based upon stated maturity dates, was approximately 6.2 years as of August 31, 2008.

8.	Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies.

Commitments.

The Company’s commitments associated with letters of credit and other financial guarantees obtained to satisfy collateral requirements, investment activities, corporate lending and financing arrangements, mortgage lending and margin-lending as of August 31, 2008 are summarized below by period of expiration. Since commitments associated with these instruments may expire unused, the amounts shown do not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirements:


	Years to Maturity								Total at August 31, 2008
	Less than 1		1-3		3-5		Over 5		Total at August 31, 2008
	(dollars in millions)
Letters of credit and other financial guarantees obtained to satisfy collateral requirements	$	9,741	$	153	$	—	$	1	$	9,895
Investment activities		1,571		1,121		195		710		3,597
Primary lending commitments(1)(2)		11,256		9,637		25,051		4,496		50,440
Secondary lending commitments(1)		105		81		356		96		638
Commitments for secured lending transactions		913		1,619		2,140		8		4,680
Commitments to enter into reverse repurchase agreements		49,534		—		—		—		49,534
Commercial and residential mortgage-related commitments(1)		4,188		—		—		—		4,188
Other commitments(3)		3,154		12		—		—		3,166

Total	$	80,462	$	12,623	$	27,742	$	5,311	$	126,138

(1)	These commitments are recorded at fair value within Financial instruments owned and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition (see Note 2).

(2)	This amount includes commitments to asset-backed commercial paper conduits of $590 million as of August 31, 2008 of which $582 million have maturities of less than one year and $8 million have maturities of three to five years.

(3)	This amount includes binding commitments to enter into margin-lending transactions of $2.3 billion as of August 31, 2008 in connection with the Company’s Institutional Securities business segment.


		38

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Letters of Credit and Other Financial Guarantees Obtained to Satisfy Collateral Requirements. The Company has outstanding letters of credit and other financial guarantees issued by third-party banks to certain of the Company’s counterparties. The Company is contingently liable for these letters of credit and other financial guarantees, which are primarily used to provide collateral for securities and commodities borrowed and to satisfy various margin requirements in lieu of depositing cash or securities with these counterparties.

Investment Activities. The Company enters into commitments associated with its real estate, private equity and principal investment activities, which include alternative products.

Lending Commitments. Primary lending commitments are those which are originated by the Company whereas secondary lending commitments are purchased from third parties in the market. The commitments include lending commitments that are made to investment grade and non-investment grade companies in connection with corporate lending and other business activities.

Commitments for Secured Lending Transactions. Secured lending commitments are extended by the Company to companies and are secured by real estate or other physical assets of the borrower. Loans made under these arrangements typically are at variable rates and generally provide for over-collateralization based upon the creditworthiness of the borrower.

Commitments to Enter into Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Company enters into forward starting securities purchased under agreements to resell (agreements that have a trade date as of or prior to August 31, 2008 and settle subsequent to quarter end) that are primarily secured by collateral from U.S. government agency securities and other sovereign government obligations.

Commercial and Residential Mortgage-Related Commitments. The Company enters into forward purchase contracts involving residential mortgage loans, residential mortgage loan commitments to individuals and residential home equity lines of credit. In addition, the Company enters into commitments to originate commercial and residential mortgage loans.

Other Commitments. Other commitments generally include binding commitments to enter into margin-lending transactions and commitments to issue letters of credit on behalf of clients in connection with the Company’s Institutional Securities business segment. Other commitments also include commercial loan commitments to small businesses and commitments related to securities-based lending activities in connection with the Company’s Global Wealth Management Group business segment.


		39

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Guarantees.

The table below summarizes certain information regarding the Company’s obligations under guarantee arrangements as of August 31, 2008:


	Maximum Potential Payout/Notional										Carrying Amount (Asset)/ Liability			Collateral/ Recourse
	Years to Maturity
Type of Guarantee	Less than 1		1-3		3-5		Over 5		Total
	(dollars in millions)
Notional amount of derivative contracts	$	1,107,325	$	1,313,909	$	2,315,324	$	1,679,765	$	6,416,323	$	315,040		$	49
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees issued(1)		1,407		1,691		1,674		4,282		9,054		(73	)		4,919
Market value guarantees		1		—		—		662		663		59			144
Liquidity facilities(2)		17,597		564		549		451		19,161		25			20,118
General partner guarantees		56		233		46		167		502		18			—
Auction rate security guarantees		5,617		—		—		—		5,617		250			—

(1)	Approximately $2.1 billion of standby letters of credit are also reflected in the “Commitments” table above in primary and secondary lending commitments.

(2)	The maximum potential payout amount includes liquidity facilities to asset-backed commercial paper conduits of $659 million.

The Company has certain obligations under certain guarantee arrangements, including contracts and indemnification agreements that contingently require a guarantor to make payments to the guaranteed party based on changes in an underlying measure (such as an interest or foreign exchange rate, security or commodity price, an index or the occurrence or non-occurrence of a specified event) related to an asset, liability or equity security of a guaranteed party. Also included as guarantees are contracts that contingently require the guarantor to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another entity’s failure to perform under an agreement, as well as indirect guarantees of the indebtedness of others. The Company’s use of guarantees is described below by type of guarantee:

Derivative Contracts. Certain derivative contracts meet the accounting definition of a guarantee, including certain written options, contingent forward contracts and credit default swaps. Although the Company’s derivative arrangements do not specifically identify whether the derivative counterparty retains the underlying asset, liability or equity security, the Company has disclosed information regarding all derivative contracts that could meet the accounting definition of a guarantee. The maximum potential payout for certain derivative contracts, such as written interest rate caps and written foreign currency options, cannot be estimated, as increases in interest or foreign exchange rates in the future could possibly be unlimited. Therefore, in order to provide information regarding the maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under certain derivative contracts, the notional amount of the contracts has been disclosed. In certain situations, collateral may be held by the Company for those contracts that meet the definition of a guarantee. Generally, the Company sets collateral requirements by counterparty so that the collateral covers various transactions and products and is not allocated specifically to individual contracts. Therefore, the collateral amount disclosed in the table above only includes contracts where the specific collateral can be identified.


		40

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

The Company records all derivative contracts at fair value. Aggregate market risk limits have been established, and market risk measures are routinely monitored against these limits. The Company also manages its exposure to these derivative contracts through a variety of risk mitigation strategies, including, but not limited to, entering into offsetting economic hedge positions. The Company believes that the notional amounts of the derivative contracts generally overstate its exposure.

Standby Letters of Credit and other Financial Guarantees Issued. In connection with its corporate lending business and other corporate activities, the Company provides standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees to counterparties. Such arrangements represent obligations to make payments to third parties if the counterparty fails to fulfill its obligation under a borrowing arrangement or other contractual obligation.

Market Value Guarantees. Market value guarantees are issued to guarantee timely payment of a specified return to investors in certain affordable housing tax credit funds. The guarantees provided to investors in certain affordable housing tax credit funds are designed to return an investor’s contribution to a fund and the investor’s share of tax losses and tax credits expected to be generated by a fund. From time to time, the Company may also guarantee return of principal invested, potentially including a specified rate of return, to fund investors.

Liquidity Facilities. The Company has entered into liquidity facilities with SPEs and other counterparties, whereby the Company is required to make certain payments if losses or defaults occur. Primarily, the Company acts as liquidity provider to municipal bond securitization SPEs and for standalone municipal bonds in which the holders of beneficial interests issued by these SPEs or the holders of the individual bonds, respectively, have the right to tender their interests for purchase by the Company on specified dates at a specified price. The Company often may have recourse to the underlying assets held by the SPEs in the event payments are required under such liquidity facilities as well as make-whole or recourse provisions with the trust sponsors.

General Partner Guarantees. As a general partner in certain private equity and real estate partnerships, the Company receives distributions from the partnerships according to the provisions of the partnership agreements. The Company may, from time to time, be required to return all or a portion of such distributions to the limited partners in the event the limited partners do not achieve a certain return as specified in various partnership agreements, subject to certain limitations.

Auction Rate Security Guarantees. Under the terms of various agreements entered into with government agencies and the terms of the Company’s announced offer to repurchase, the Company has agreed to repurchase at par certain ARS held by retail clients that were purchased through the Company. In addition, the Company has agreed to reimburse retail clients who have sold certain ARS purchased through the Company at a loss. The Company’s maximum exposure as it relates to these repurchase obligations is based on the Company’s best estimate of the outstanding ARS eligible under the buy back program, which may change as and when more information about retail client auction rate security holdings becomes available. The Company has recorded a liability at fair value related to these auction rate security purchase obligations.

Other Guarantees and Indemnities.

In the normal course of business, the Company provides a variety of other guarantees and indemnifications, which are described below.

•

Trust Preferred Securities. The Company has established Morgan Stanley Trusts for the limited purpose of issuing trust preferred securities to third parties and lending the proceeds to the Company in exchange for junior subordinated debentures. The Company has directly guaranteed the repayment of the trust


		41

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

preferred securities to the holders thereof to the extent that the Company has made payments to a Morgan Stanley Trust on the junior subordinated debentures. In the event that the Company does not make payments to a Morgan Stanley Trust, holders of such series of trust preferred securities would not be able to rely upon the guarantee for payment of those amounts. The Company has not recorded any liability in the condensed consolidated financial statements for these guarantees and believes that the occurrence of any events (i.e., nonperformance on the part of the paying agent) that would trigger payments under these contracts is remote. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 included in the Form 10-K for details on the Company’s junior subordinated debentures.

•

Indemnities. The Company provides standard indemnities to counterparties for certain contingent exposures and taxes, including U.S. and foreign withholding taxes, on interest and other payments made on derivatives, securities and stock lending transactions, certain annuity products and other financial arrangements. These indemnity payments could be required based on a change in the tax laws or change in interpretation of applicable tax rulings or a change in factual circumstances. Certain contracts contain provisions that enable the Company to terminate the agreement upon the occurrence of such events. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these indemnifications cannot be estimated. The Company has not recorded any contingent liability in the condensed consolidated financial statements for these indemnifications and believes that the occurrence of any events that would trigger payments under these contracts is remote.

•

Exchange/Clearinghouse Member Guarantees. The Company is a member of various U.S. and non-U.S. exchanges and clearinghouses that trade and clear securities and/or futures contracts. Associated with its membership, the Company may be required to pay a proportionate share of the financial obligations of another member who may default on its obligations to the exchange or the clearinghouse. While the rules governing different exchange or clearinghouse memberships vary, in general the Company’s guarantee obligations would arise only if the exchange or clearinghouse had previously exhausted its resources. Any potential contingent liability under these membership agreements cannot be estimated. The Company has not recorded any contingent liability in the condensed consolidated financial statements for these agreements and believes that any potential requirement to make payments under these agreements is remote.

•

Securitized Asset Guarantees. As part of the Company’s Institutional Securities securitization activities, the Company provides representations and warranties that certain securitized assets conform to specified guidelines. The Company may be required to repurchase such assets or indemnify the purchaser against losses if the assets do not meet certain conforming guidelines. Due diligence is performed by the Company to ensure that asset guideline qualifications are met, and, to the extent the Company has acquired such assets to be securitized from other parties, the Company seeks to obtain its own representations and warranties regarding the assets. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make would be equal to the current outstanding balances of all assets subject to such securitization activities. Also, in connection with originations of residential mortgage loans under the Company’s FlexSource^® program, the Company may permit borrowers to pledge marketable securities as collateral instead of requiring cash down payments for the purchase of the underlying residential property. Upon sale of the residential mortgage loans, the Company may provide a surety bond that reimburses the purchasers for shortfalls in the borrowers’ securities accounts up to certain limits if the collateral maintained in the securities accounts (along with the associated real estate collateral) is insufficient to cover losses that purchasers experience as a result of defaults by borrowers on the underlying residential mortgage loans. The Company requires the borrowers to meet daily collateral calls to ensure the marketable securities pledged in lieu of a cash down payment are sufficient. At


		42

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

August 31, 2008 and November 30, 2007, the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company may be required to make under its surety bond was $119 million and $122 million, respectively. The Company has not recorded any contingent liability in the condensed consolidated financial statements for these representations and warranties and reimbursement agreements and believes that the probability of any payments under these arrangements is remote.

•

Merger and Acquisition Guarantees. The Company may, from time to time, in its role as investment banking advisor be required to provide guarantees in connection with certain European merger and acquisition transactions. If required by the regulating authorities, the Company provides a guarantee that the acquirer in the merger and acquisition transaction has or will have sufficient funds to complete the transaction and would then be required to make the acquisition payments in the event the acquirer’s funds are insufficient at the completion date of the transaction. These arrangements generally cover the time frame from the transaction offer date to its closing date and, therefore, are generally short term in nature. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make cannot be estimated. The Company believes the likelihood of any payment by the Company under these arrangements is remote given the level of the Company’s due diligence associated with its role as investment banking advisor.

Contingencies.

Legal. In the normal course of business, the Company has been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with its activities as a global diversified financial services institution. Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. In some cases, the issuers that would otherwise be the primary defendants in such cases are bankrupt or in financial distress.

The Company is also involved, from time to time, in other reviews, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal) by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding the Company’s business, including, among other matters, accounting and operational matters, certain of which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief.

The Company contests liability and/or the amount of damages as appropriate in each pending matter. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly in cases where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages or where investigations and proceedings are in the early stages, the Company cannot predict with certainty the loss or range of loss, if any, related to such matters, how or if such matters will be resolved, when they will ultimately be resolved, or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief, if any, might be. Subject to the foregoing, the Company believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on the condensed consolidated financial condition of the Company, although the outcome of such matters could be material to the Company’s operating results and cash flows for a particular future period, depending on, among other things, the level of the Company’s revenues or income for such period. Legal reserves have been established in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies” (“SFAS No. 5”). Once established, reserves are adjusted when there is more information available or when an event occurs requiring a change.

Auction Rate Securities Matters. On August 13, 2008, the Company reached an agreement in principle with the Office of the New York State Attorney General and the Office of the Illinois Secretary of State, Securities Department (on behalf of a task force of other states under the auspices of the North American Securities Administrators Association) in connection with the proposed settlement of their investigations relating to the sale


		43

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

of ARS. The Company agreed, among other things to: (1) repurchase at par illiquid ARS that were purchased by certain retail clients prior to February 13, 2008; (2) pay certain retail clients that sold ARS below par the difference between par and the price at which the clients sold the securities; (3) arbitrate, under special procedures, claims for consequential damages by certain retail clients; (4) refund refinancing fees to certain municipal issuers of ARS; and (5) pay a total penalty of $35 million. A separate investigation of these matters by the SEC remains ongoing.

9.	Regulatory Requirements.

At August 31, 2008, the Company is a consolidated supervised entity (“CSE”) as defined by the SEC. As such, the Company is subject to group-wide supervision and examination by the SEC and to minimum capital requirements on a consolidated basis and in accordance with the Basel II Accord (see Note 17).

MS&Co. is a registered broker-dealer and registered futures commission merchant and, accordingly, is subject to the minimum net capital requirements of the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. MS&Co. has consistently operated in excess of these requirements. MS&Co.’s net capital totaled $10,387 million at August 31, 2008, which exceeded the amount required by $7,049 million. MSIP, a London-based broker-dealer subsidiary, is subject to the capital requirements of the Financial Services Authority, and MSJS, a Tokyo-based broker-dealer subsidiary, is subject to the capital requirements of the Financial Services Agency. MSIP and MSJS consistently operated in excess of their respective regulatory capital requirements.

Under regulatory capital requirements adopted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and other bank regulatory agencies, FDIC-insured financial institutions must maintain (a) 3% to 4% of Tier 1 capital, as defined, to average assets (“leverage ratio”), (b) 4% of Tier 1 capital, as defined, to risk-weighted assets (“Tier 1 risk-weighted capital ratio”) and (c) 8% of total capital, as defined, to risk-weighted assets (“total risk-weighted capital ratio”). At August 31, 2008, the leverage ratio, Tier 1 risk-weighted capital ratio and total risk-weighted capital ratio of each of the Company’s FDIC-insured financial institutions exceeded these regulatory minimums.

Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries are subject to various securities, commodities and banking regulations, and capital adequacy requirements promulgated by the regulatory and exchange authorities of the countries in which they operate. These subsidiaries have consistently operated in excess of their local capital adequacy requirements.

Morgan Stanley Derivative Products Inc. (“MSDP”) and Cournot Financial Products LLC (“Cournot”), which are triple-A rated derivative products subsidiaries, maintain certain operating restrictions that have been reviewed by various rating agencies. Both entities are operated such that creditors of the Company should not expect to have any claims on either the assets of MSDP or the assets of Cournot, unless and until the obligations of such entity to its own creditors are satisfied in full. Creditors of MSDP or Cournot, respectively, should not expect to have any claims on the assets of the Company or any of its affiliates, other than the respective assets of MSDP or Cournot.

MS&Co. is required to hold tentative net capital in excess of $1 billion and net capital in excess of $500 million in accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of Rule 15c3-1. MS&Co. is also required to notify the SEC in the event that its tentative net capital is less than $5 billion. As of August 31, 2008, MS&Co. had tentative net capital in excess of the minimum and the notification requirements.


		44

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

During the second quarter of fiscal 2008, Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. (“MSSF”), which provides loans or lending commitments (including bridge financing) to selected corporate clients, transferred certain loans to Ascension Loan Vehicle, LLC (“Ascension”). MSSF and Ascension are both wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company. MSSF transferred such loans so that they could be securitized and, in turn, made eligible to be pledged with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Fed”). Certain of the securitized interests in Ascension were transferred to Morgan Stanley Darica Funding, LLC (“MSDF”), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, during the third quarter of fiscal 2008. Ascension and MSDF, which are special purpose vehicle subsidiaries of the Company, maintain certain operating restrictions that have been reviewed by various rating agencies. Ascension and MSDF are structured as separate legal entities and operated such that creditors of the Company or any affiliate of the Company, including MSSF, but excluding Ascension and MSDF, should not reasonably expect to have any claims on the assets of Ascension and MSDF, respectively. Such assets include loans that have been sold, and participation interests that have been granted, by MSSF to Ascension in an aggregate approximate amount of $2.0 billion as of August 31, 2008. Such amounts may increase or decrease. Securitized interests in Ascension were transferred to MSDF in the aggregate approximate amount of $460 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2008. Creditors of Ascension and MSDF should not reasonably expect to have any claims on the assets of the Company or any of its affiliates, including MSSF, other than the assets of Ascension and MSDF, respectively.

10.

Shareholders’ Equity.

Treasury Shares. During the nine month period ended August 31, 2008, the Company did not purchase any of its common stock through the capital management share repurchase program. During the nine month period ended August 31, 2007, the Company purchased approximately $3.2 billion of its common stock (approximately 42 million shares) through publicly announced plans or programs at an average cost of $76.23 per share, which includes the actual price of shares purchased prior to the Discover Spin-off.

China Investment Corporation Investment. In December 2007, the Company sold Equity Units which included contracts to purchase Company common stock to a wholly owned subsidiary of China Investment Corporation (“CIC”), for approximately $5,579 million. CIC’s ownership in the Company’s common stock, including the maximum number of shares of common stock to be received by CIC upon settlement of the stock purchase contracts, will be 9.9% or less of the Company’s total shares outstanding based on the total shares that were outstanding on November 30, 2007. CIC is a passive financial investor and has no special rights of ownership nor a role in the management of the Company. A substantial portion of the investment proceeds were treated as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes.

The present value of the future contract adjustment payments due under the stock purchase contracts was approximately $400 million and was recorded in Other liabilities and accrued expenses with a corresponding decrease recorded in Paid-in capital, a component of Shareholders’ equity in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of financial condition in the first quarter of fiscal 2008. The other liability balance related to the stock purchase contracts will accrete over the term of the stock purchase contract using the effective yield method with a corresponding charge to Interest expense. When the contract adjustment payments are made under the stock purchase contracts, they will reduce the other liability balance.

For a more detailed summary of the Equity Units, including the junior subordinated debentures issued to support trust common and trust preferred securities and the stock purchase contracts, refer to Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 included in the Form 10-K.


		45

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Prior to the issuance of common stock upon settlement of the stock purchase contract, the impact of the Equity Units is reflected in the Company’s earnings per diluted common share using the treasury stock method, as defined by SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share” (“SFAS No. 128”). Under the treasury stock method, the number of shares of common stock included in the calculation of earnings per diluted common share are calculated as the excess, if any, of the number of shares expected to be issued upon settlement of the stock purchase contract based on the average market price for the last 20 days of the reporting period, less the number of shares that could be purchased by the Company with the proceeds to be received upon settlement of the contract at the average closing price for the reporting period.

Dilution of net income per share occurs (i) in reporting periods when the average closing price of common shares is over $57.6840 (the “maximum conversion price”) per share or (ii) in reporting periods when the average closing price of common shares for a reporting period is between $48.0700 and the maximum conversion price and is greater than the average market price for the last 20 days ending three days prior to the end of such reporting period.

There was no dilutive impact for the quarter ended August 31, 2008. The dilutive impact for the nine month period ended August 31, 2008 was approximately 85,000 shares.

On September 29, 2008, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. (“MUFG”) to sell $9 billion in equity securities of the Company (see Note 17). As a result of this agreement, and as contractually required by the terms of the securities purchase agreement for the sale of Equity Units to CIC, the maximum conversion price of the Equity Units will be reduced to $48.07 upon closing of the transaction with MUFG. All other features of the Equity Units will remain the same.

The Company will issue 116,062,911 shares of common stock upon settlement of the stock purchase contracts.


		46

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

11.

Earnings per Common Share.

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the assumed conversion of all dilutive securities. The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS (in millions, except for per share data):


	Three Months Ended August 31,						Nine Months Ended August 31,
	2008			2007			2008			2007
Basic EPS:
Income from continuing operations	$	1,425		$	1,474		$	4,002		$	6,151
Net gain on discontinued operations		—			69			—			646
Preferred stock dividend requirements		(11	)		(17	)		(42	)		(50	)

Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	1,414		$	1,526		$	3,960		$	6,747

Weighted average common shares outstanding		1,043			1,002			1,034			1,003

Earnings per basic common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	1.36		$	1.45		$	3.83		$	6.08
Gain on discontinued operations		—			0.07			—			0.65

Earnings per basic common share	$	1.36		$	1.52		$	3.83		$	6.73

Diluted EPS:
Net income applicable to common shareholders	$	1,414		$	1,526		$	3,960		$	6,747

Weighted average common shares outstanding		1,043			1,002			1,034			1,003
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted stock units		29			55			32			51

Weighted average common shares outstanding and common stock equivalents		1,072			1,057			1,066			1,054

Earnings per diluted common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	1.32		$	1.38		$	3.72		$	5.79
Gain on discontinued operations		—			0.06			—			0.61

Earnings per diluted common share	$	1.32		$	1.44		$	3.72		$	6.40

The following securities were considered antidilutive and, therefore, were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended August 31,		Nine Months Ended August 31,
	2008	2007	2008	2007
	(shares in millions)
Number of antidilutive securities (including stock options and restricted stock units) outstanding at end of period	84	19	80	19

In addition, for information on the dilutive impact related to CIC, see Note 10.

Cash dividends declared per common share were $0.27 and $0.81 for the quarter and nine month periods ended August 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.


		47

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

12.

Employee Benefit Plans.

The Company maintains various pension and benefit plans for eligible employees.

The components of the Company’s net periodic benefit expense for its pension and postretirement plans were as follows:


	Three Months Ended August 31,						Nine Months Ended August 31,
	2008			2007			2008			2007
	(dollars in millions)
Service cost, benefits earned during the period	$	28		$	29		$	84		$	87
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation		37			33			110			100
Expected return on plan assets		(33	)		(31	)		(98	)		(93	)
Net amortization of prior service costs		(2	)		(2	)		(7	)		(7	)
Net amortization of actuarial loss		8			10			24			31
Special termination benefits		—			2			—			2

Net periodic benefit expense	$	38		$	41		$	113		$	120

13.

Income Taxes.

The Company adopted FIN 48 on December 1, 2007 and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of approximately $92 million as a decrease to the opening balance of Retained earnings as of December 1, 2007.

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption of FIN 48 was approximately $2.7 billion. Of this total, approximately $1.7 billion (net of federal benefit of state issues, competent authority and foreign tax credit offsets) represents the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective tax rate in future periods.

The Company recognizes the accrual of interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in Provision for income taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company recognizes the accrual of penalties (if any) related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income before income taxes. Interest expense included in provision for income taxes as of December 1, 2007 was approximately $223 million, net of federal and state income tax benefits. The amount of penalties accrued was immaterial.

It is reasonably possible that significant changes in the gross balance of unrecognized tax benefits may occur within the next twelve months. It is difficult to estimate the range of such changes; however, the Company does not expect that any change in the gross balance of unrecognized tax benefits would have a material impact on its effective tax rate over the next twelve months.

The Company is under continuous examination by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) and other tax authorities in certain countries, such as Japan and the United Kingdom, and states in which the Company has significant business operations, such as New York. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional assessments in each of the taxing jurisdictions resulting from these and subsequent years’ examinations. The Company has established unrecognized tax benefits that the Company believes are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments. Once established, the Company adjusts unrecognized tax benefits only when more information is available or when an event occurs necessitating a change. The Company believes that the


		48

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

resolution of tax matters will not have a material effect on the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition of the Company, although a resolution could have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for a particular future period and on the Company’s effective income tax rate for any period in which such resolution occurs.

The following are the major tax jurisdictions in which the Company and its affiliates operate and the earliest tax year subject to examination:


Jurisdiction		Tax Year
United States		1999
New York State and City		2002
Hong Kong		2002
United Kingdom		2004
Japan		2004

14.

Segment and Geographic Information.

The Company structures its segments primarily based upon the nature of the financial products and services provided to customers and the Company’s management organization. The Company provides a wide range of financial products and services to its customers in each of its business segments: Institutional Securities, Global Wealth Management Group and Asset Management. For further discussion of the Company’s business segments, see Note 1.

Revenues and expenses directly associated with each respective segment are included in determining their operating results. Other revenues and expenses that are not directly attributable to a particular segment are allocated based upon the Company’s allocation methodologies, generally based on each segment’s respective net revenues, non-interest expenses or other relevant measures.

As a result of treating certain intersegment transactions as transactions with external parties, the Company includes an Intersegment Eliminations category to reconcile the business segment results to the Company’s consolidated results. Income before taxes in Intersegment Eliminations primarily represents the effect of timing differences associated with the revenue and expense recognition of commissions paid by Asset Management to the Global Wealth Management Group associated with sales of certain products and the related compensation costs paid to the Global Wealth Management Group’s global representatives.


		49

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Selected financial information for the Company’s segments is presented below:


Three Months Ended August 31, 2008	Institutional Securities			Global Wealth Management Group			Asset Management			Intersegment Eliminations			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Net revenues excluding net interest	$	4,955		$	1,293		$	739		$	(80	)	$	6,907
Net interest		956			262			(92	)		16			1,142

Net revenues	$	5,911		$	1,555		$	647		$	(64	)	$	8,049

Income from continuing operations before gains from unconsolidated investees and income taxes	$	2,183		$	(34	)	$	(204	)	$	3		$	1,948
Gains from unconsolidated investees		8			—			—			—			8
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		618			(25	)		(63	)		1			531

Income from continuing operations	$	1,573		$	(9	)	$	(141	)	$	2		$	1,425


Three Months Ended August 31, 2007	Institutional Securities			Global Wealth Management Group			Asset Management			Intersegment Eliminations(1)			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Net revenues excluding net interest	$	4,049		$	1,488		$	1,372		$	(84	)	$	6,825
Net interest		934			195			(8	)		12			1,133

Net revenues	$	4,983		$	1,683		$	1,364		$	(72	)	$	7,958

Income from continuing operations before losses from unconsolidated investees and income taxes	$	1,501		$	287		$	491		$	(14	)	$	2,265
Losses from unconsolidated investees		(19	)		—			—			—			(19	)
Provision for income taxes		483			119			174			(4	)		772

Income from continuing operations(2)	$	999		$	168		$	317		$	(10	)	$	1,474


Nine Months Ended August 31, 2008	Institutional Securities			Global Wealth Management Group			Asset Management			Intersegment Eliminations			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Net revenues excluding net interest	$	14,017		$	4,888		$	1,817		$	(190	)	$	20,532
Net interest		1,732			709			(139	)		47			2,349

Net revenues	$	15,749		$	5,597		$	1,678		$	(143	)	$	22,881

Income from continuing operations before gains from unconsolidated investees and income taxes	$	4,979		$	1,209		$	(592	)	$	12		$	5,608
Gains from unconsolidated investees		29			—			—			—			29
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		1,405			440			(215	)		5			1,635

Income from continuing operations(3)	$	3,603		$	769		$	(377	)	$	7		$	4,002


		50

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)


Nine Months Ended August 31, 2007	Institutional Securities			Global Wealth Management Group		Asset Management			Intersegment Eliminations(1)			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Net revenues excluding net interest	$	18,243		$	4,346	$	4,260		$	(208	)	$	26,641
Net interest		1,331			490		(19	)		33			1,835

Net revenues	$	19,574		$	4,836	$	4,241		$	(175	)	$	28,476

Income from continuing operations before losses from unconsolidated investees and income taxes	$	7,296		$	777	$	1,173		$	(1	)	$	9,245
Losses from unconsolidated investees		(65	)		—		—			—			(65	)
Provision for income taxes		2,293			308		428			—			3,029

Income from continuing operations(2)	$	4,938		$	469	$	745		$	(1	)	$	6,151


Net Interest	Institutional Securities			Global Wealth Management Group		Asset Management			Intersegment Eliminations			Total
	(dollars in millions)
Three Months Ended August 31, 2008
Interest and dividends	$	9,461		$	327	$	16		$	(12	)	$	9,792
Interest expense		8,505			65		108			(28	)		8,650

Net interest	$	956		$	262	$	(92	)	$	16		$	1,142

Three Months Ended August 31, 2007
Interest and dividends	$	14,141		$	321	$	14		$	(71	)	$	14,405
Interest expense		13,207			126		22			(83	)		13,272

Net interest	$	934		$	195	$	(8	)	$	12		$	1,133

Nine Months Ended August 31, 2008
Interest and dividends	$	32,914		$	948	$	47		$	(35	)	$	33,874
Interest expense		31,182			239		186			(82	)		31,525

Net interest	$	1,732		$	709	$	(139	)	$	47		$	2,349

Nine Months Ended August 31, 2007
Interest and dividends	$	43,355		$	893	$	57		$	(329	)	$	43,976
Interest expense		42,024			403		76			(362	)		42,141

Net interest	$	1,331		$	490	$	(19	)	$	33		$	1,835


Total Assets(4)	Institutional Securities		Global Wealth Management Group		Asset Management		Total
	(dollars in millions)
At August 31, 2008	$	949,293	$	22,645	$	15,465	$	987,403

At November 30, 2007	$	1,005,452	$	27,518	$	12,439	$	1,045,409

(1)	Included in the results for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007 is a $25 million advisory fee related to the Discover Spin-off that was eliminated in consolidation.

(2)	See Note 15 for a discussion of discontinued operations.


		51

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

(3)

Income from continuing operations includes $120 million ($171 million pre-tax), $0.11 per diluted share, due to the reversal of valuation adjustments related to interest rate derivatives, and a cumulative negative adjustment of $84 million ($120 million pre-tax), $0.08 per diluted share, resulting from incorrect valuations of a London-based trader’s positions related to prior quarters. These amounts are included in the Institutional Securities business segment.

(4)	Corporate assets have been fully allocated to the Company’s business segments.

The Company operates in both U.S. and non-U.S. markets. The Company’s non-U.S. business activities are principally conducted through European and Asian locations. The following table presents selected income statement information of the Company’s operations by geographic area. The net revenues disclosed in the following table reflect the regional view of the Company’s consolidated net revenues, on a managed basis, based on the following methodology:

•

Institutional Securities: investment banking—client location, equity capital markets—client location, debt capital markets—revenue recording location, sales & trading—trading desk location.

•

Global Wealth Management Group: global representative coverage location.

•

Asset Management: client location, except for the merchant banking business, which is based on asset location.


	Three Months Ended August 31,				Nine Months Ended August 31,
Net revenues	2008		2007		2008		2007
	(dollars in millions)

Americas	$	4,637	$	4,121	$	11,977	$	16,242
Europe, Middle East, and Africa		2,593		2,405		7,931		8,077
Asia		819		1,432		2,973		4,157

Total	$	8,049	$	7,958	$	22,881	$	28,476

15.

Discontinued Operations.

Discover. On June 30, 2007, the Company completed the Discover Spin-off. The Company distributed all of the outstanding shares of DFS common stock, par value $0.01 per share, to the Company’s stockholders of record as of June 18, 2007. The results of DFS through the date of the Discover Spin-off are included within discontinued operations for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007.

Net revenues included in discontinued operations related to DFS were $332 million and $2,392 million for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007, respectively.

The results of discontinued operations include interest expense that was allocated based upon borrowings that were specifically attributable to DFS’ operations through intercompany transactions existing prior to the Discover Spin-off. For the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007, the amount of interest expense reclassified to discontinued operations was approximately $14 million and $159 million, respectively.

Quilter. On February 28, 2007, the Company sold Quilter, its standalone U.K. mass affluent business that was formerly included within the Global Wealth Management Group business segment. The results of Quilter are included within discontinued operations for all periods presented through the date of sale. The results for discontinued operations in the quarter ended February 28, 2007 also included a pre-tax gain of $168 million ($109 million after-tax) on disposition.


		52

MORGAN STANLEY

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)

Summarized financial information for the Company’s discontinued operations:

The table below provides information regarding amounts included within discontinued operations for the quarter and nine month period ended August 31, 2007 (dollars in millions):