Edgar Filing: MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company

10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-34091

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		52-2230784
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(IRS Employer Identification No.)

299 Park Avenue, 10th Floor New York, New York		10171
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(212) 813-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of October 24, 2013, the number of shares of the Registrant’s voting common stock outstanding was 37,626,240.

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS


	Page
PART I — Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012		3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012		4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012		5
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013		6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012		7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		22
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		38

PART II — Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		39
Item 1A. Risk Factors		39
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		39
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		40
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		40
Item 5. Other Information		40
Item 6. Exhibits		40

PART I — Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(Unaudited)


	As of
	September 30,			December 31,
	2013			2012
	(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	119,009		$	128,908
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value		58,437			51,208
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $76 and $75 as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively		36,876			31,044
Goodwill and intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization		69,508			33,134
Furniture, equipment, leasehold improvements and capitalized software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization		27,617			18,009
Prepaid expenses and other assets		10,543			8,096
Deferred tax assets, net		4,312			9,442
Assets from discontinued operations		6,386			—

Total assets	$	332,688		$	279,841

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Accrued employee compensation	$	19,229		$	19,916
Deferred revenue		3,106			4,864
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		20,431			12,344
Liabilities from discontinued operations		3,302			—

Total liabilities		46,068			37,124

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 11)		—			—
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 4,855,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012		—			—
Series A Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 110,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012		—			—
Common stock voting, $0.003 par value, 110,000,000 shares authorized, 39,121,110 shares and 38,902,294 shares issued and 37,625,951 shares and 37,407,135 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively		119			118
Common stock non-voting, $0.003 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012		—			—
Additional paid-in capital		289,911			283,609
Treasury stock—Common stock voting, at cost, 1,495,159 shares as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012		(32,273	)		(32,273	)
Retained earnings (deficit)		32,794			(5,644	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,931	)		(3,093	)

Total stockholders’ equity		286,620			242,717

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	332,688		$	279,841

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012			2013			2012
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues
Commissions	$	51,818		$	42,379		$	153,202		$	129,971
Information and post-trade services		7,125			1,896			18,020			5,557
Technology products and services		1,561			1,124			4,279			3,553
Investment income		112			251			288			821
Other		517			752			2,502			2,360

Total revenues		61,133			46,402			178,291			142,262

Expenses
Employee compensation and benefits		17,910			13,380			47,638			41,550
Depreciation and amortization		3,460			1,715			10,151			4,786
Technology and communications		4,509			3,206			11,700			9,041
Professional and consulting fees		4,540			3,006			13,278			8,397
Occupancy		1,205			595			3,172			1,813
Marketing and advertising		1,195			989			3,501			3,996
General and administrative		1,926			2,011			6,370			5,500

Total expenses		34,745			24,902			95,810			75,083

Income before income taxes from continuing operations		26,388			21,500			82,481			67,179
Provision for income taxes		8,129			7,792			29,388			26,322

Net income from continuing operations		18,259			13,708			53,093			40,857
(Loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes		(46	)		(226	)		(210	)		(1,253	)

Net income	$	18,213		$	13,482		$	52,883		$	39,604

Basic earnings per common share
Income from continuing operations	$	0.49		$	0.38		$	1.44		$	1.12
(Loss) from discontinued operations		—			(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.04	)

Net income per common share	$	0.49		$	0.37		$	1.43		$	1.08

Diluted earnings per common share
Income from continuing operations	$	0.48		$	0.37		$	1.41		$	1.08
(Loss) from discontinued operations		—			(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.03	)

Net income per common share	$	0.48		$	0.36		$	1.40		$	1.05

Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.13		$	0.11		$	0.39		$	0.33
Weighted average common shares
Basic		36,919			36,500			36,854			36,521
Diluted		37,965			37,541			37,820			37,892

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012			2013			2012
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	18,213		$	13,482		$	52,883		$	39,604

Net cumulative translation adjustment and foreign currency exchange hedge, net of tax of $(242), $(179), $(215) and $(363), respectively		(384	)		(356	)		(341	)		(636	)

Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax of $11, $(40), $(14) and $(174), respectively		18			(44	)		(23	)		(246	)
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized gain on the sale of securities available-for-sale included in Other Income, net of tax $0, $0, $(299) and $(34), respectively		—			—			(474	)		(53	)

Net changed in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax		18			(44	)		(497	)		(299	)

Comprehensive Income	$	17,847		$	13,082		$	52,045		$	38,669

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)


						Treasury
						Stock -						Accumulated
	Common		Additional			Common			Retained			Other			Total
	Stock		Paid-In			Stock			(Deficit)			Comprehensive			Stockholders’
	Voting		Capital			Voting			Earnings			Loss			Equity
	(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2012	$	118	$	283,609		$	(32,273	)	$	(5,644	)	$	(3,093	)	$	242,717
Net income		—		—			—			52,883			—			52,883
Cumulative translation adjustment and foreign currency exchange hedge, net of tax		—		—			—			—			(341	)		(341	)
Unrealized net (loss) on securities available-for-sale, net of tax		—		—			—			—			(497	)		(497	)
Stock-based compensation		—		6,419			—			—			—			6,419
Exercise of stock options		1		1,815			—			—			—			1,816
Withholding tax payments on restricted stock vesting and stock option exercises		—		(5,001	)		—			—			—			(5,001	)
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation		—		3,069			—			—			—			3,069
Cash dividend on common stock		—		—			—			(14,445	)		—			(14,445	)

Balance at September 30, 2013	$	119	$	289,911		$	(32,273	)	$	32,794		$	(3,931	)	$	286,620

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012
	(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	52,883		$	39,604
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		9,305			5,896
Stock-based compensation expense		6,419			6,184
Deferred taxes		669			1,958
Non-cash out-of-period adjustment		(972	)		—
Provision for bad debts		295			409
Other		—			757
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable		(4,770	)		2,347
(Increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets		(1,689	)		(82	)
(Decrease) in accrued employee compensation		(835	)		(3,990	)
(Decrease) in deferred revenue		(1,065	)		(262	)
Increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		7,089			449

Net cash provided by operating activities		67,329			53,270

Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired		(37,827	)		—
Securities available-for-sale:
Proceeds from sales		30,900			13,577
Proceeds from maturities		10,690			15,463
Purchases		(49,578	)		(6,376	)
Purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements		(9,357	)		(4,955	)
Capitalization of software development costs		(5,406	)		(3,873	)
Other		4			(37	)

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(60,574	)		13,799

Cash flows from financing activities
Cash dividend on common stock		(15,028	)		(12,388	)
Exercise of stock options		1,816			5,997
Withholding tax payments on restricted stock vesting and stock option exercises		(5,001	)		(20,003	)
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation		3,069			13,639
Repurchase of common stock		—			(72,603	)
Other		(239	)		(222	)

Net cash (used in) financing activities		(15,383	)		(85,580	)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(615	)		(1,008	)

Cash and cash equivalents
Net (decrease) for the period		(9,243	)		(19,519	)
Beginning of year		128,908			169,620

End of period cash		119,665			150,101
Less: Cash classified within assets from discontinued operations		656			—

End of period cash from continuing operations	$	119,009		$	150,101

Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid during the period:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	17,894		$	10,602
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
Conversion of common stock non-voting to common stock voting	$	—		$	15,880
Liabilities assumed in connection with the Xtrakter acquisition:
Fair value of assets acquired	$	44,745		$	—
Cash paid for the capital stock		(37,827	)		—

Liabilities assumed	$	6,918		$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — Unaudited

1. Organization and Principal Business Activity

MarketAxess Holdings Inc. (the “Company” or “MarketAxess”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware on April 11, 2000. Through its subsidiaries, the Company operates an electronic trading platform for corporate bonds and other types of fixed-income instruments through which the Company’s institutional investor clients can access liquidity provided by its broker-dealer clients. The Company’s multi-dealer trading platform allows its institutional investor clients to simultaneously request competitive, executable bids or offers from multiple broker-dealers, and to execute trades with the broker-dealer of their choice. The Company offers its clients the ability to trade U.S. high-grade corporate bonds, European high-grade corporate bonds, credit default swaps, agencies, high yield and emerging markets bonds and asset-backed and preferred securities. The Company also executes certain bond transactions between and among institutional investor and broker-dealer clients on a riskless principal basis by serving as counterparty to both the buyer and the seller, which then settle through a third-party clearing organization. The Company provides fixed-income market data analytics and compliance tools that help its clients make trading decisions. The Company also provides trade matching and regulatory transaction reporting services to the securities markets. In addition, the Company provides connectivity solutions and ancillary technology services that facilitate the electronic communication of order information between trading counterparties.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. These consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. The consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2012 has been derived from audited financial statements not included herein.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) with respect to Form 10-Q and reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are normal and recurring, and that are necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. In accordance with such rules and regulations, certain disclosures that are normally included in annual financial statements have been omitted. Interim period operating results may not be indicative of the operating results for a full year.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and money market instruments that are primarily maintained at one major global bank. Given this concentration, the Company is exposed to certain credit risk. The Company defines cash equivalents as short-term interest-bearing investments with maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less.

Securities Available-for-Sale

The Company classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale securities. Unrealized marketable securities gains and losses, net of taxes, are reflected as a net amount under the caption of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Realized gains and losses are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in other revenues. For the purpose of computing realized gains and losses, cost is determined on a specific identification basis.

The Company assesses whether an other-than-temporary impairment loss on the investments has occurred due to declines in fair value or other market conditions. The portion of an other-than-temporary impairment related to credit loss is recorded as a charge in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The remainder is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss if the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security prior to recovery. No charges for other-than-temporary losses were recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Fair Value Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” A three-tiered hierarchy for determining fair value has been established that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used in fair value calculations. The three levels of inputs are defined as Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets), Level 2 (inputs that are observable in the marketplace other than those inputs classified in Level 1) and Level 3 (inputs that are unobservable in the marketplace). The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of its money market funds, securities available-for-sale portfolio and one foreign currency forward contract. All other financial instruments are short-term in nature and the carrying amount reported on our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition approximate fair value.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

All accounts receivable have contractual maturities of less than one year and are derived from trading-related fees and commissions and revenues from products and services. The Company continually monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon the historical collection experience and specific collection issues that have been identified. Additions to the allowance for doubtful accounts are charged to bad debt expense, which is included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Depreciation and Amortization

Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. The Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation over three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of the life of the improvement or the remaining term of the lease.

Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs associated with the development of internal use software, including among other items, employee compensation and related benefits and third party consulting costs, at the point at which the conceptual formulation, design and testing of possible software project alternatives have been completed. Once the product is ready for its intended use, such costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over three years. The Company reviews the amounts capitalized for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable.

Cash Provided as Collateral

Cash is provided as collateral for electronic bank settlements and broker-dealer clearance accounts. Cash provided as collateral is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Foreign Currency Translation and Forward Contracts

Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated using exchange rates at the end of the period; revenues and expenses are translated at average monthly rates. Gains and losses on foreign currency translation are a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Transaction gains and losses are recorded in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge its net investment in its U.K. subsidiaries. Gains and losses on these transactions are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Revenue Recognition

The majority of the Company’s revenues are derived from commissions for trades executed on its platform and distribution fees that are billed to its broker-dealer clients on a monthly basis. The Company also derives revenues from information and post-trade services, technology products and services, investment income and other income.

Commission revenue. Commissions are generally calculated as a percentage of the notional dollar volume of bonds traded on the platform and vary based on the type and maturity of the bond traded. Under the Company’s transaction fee plans, bonds that are more actively traded or that have shorter maturities are generally charged lower commissions, while bonds that are less actively traded or that have longer maturities generally command higher commissions. For trades that the Company executes between and among institutional investor and broker-dealer clients on a riskless principal basis by serving as counterparty to both the buyer and the seller, the Company earns the commission through the difference in price between the two riskless principal trades. Fee programs for certain products include distribution fees which are recognized monthly.

Information and post-trade services. The Company generates revenue from information services provided to our broker-dealer clients, institutional investor clients and data-only subscribers. Information services are invoiced monthly, quarterly or annually. When billed in advance, revenues are recognized monthly on a straight-line basis. The Company also generates revenue from regulatory transaction reporting and trade matching services. Revenue is recognized in the period the services are provided.

Technology products and services. The Company generates revenues from technology software licenses, maintenance and support services (referred to as post-contract technical support or “PCS”) and professional consulting services. Revenue is generally recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collection is considered probable. The Company generally sells software licenses and PCS together as part of multiple-element arrangements. The Company also enters into contracts for technology integration consulting services unrelated to any software product.

For arrangements that include multiple elements, generally software licenses and PCS, the Company allocates and defers revenue for the undelivered items based on vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of the fair value of the undelivered elements and recognizes the difference between the total arrangement fee and the amount deferred for the undelivered items as license revenue. The Company’s VSOE of each element is based on historical evidence of stand-alone sales of these elements to third parties or the stated renewal rate for the undelivered elements. When VSOE does not exist for undelivered items, the entire arrangement fee is recognized ratably over the performance period. For PCS, the term is typically one year and revenue is recognized over the duration of the arrangement on a straight-line basis.

Professional consulting services are generally separately priced and are typically not essential to the functionality of the Company’s software products. Revenues from these services are recognized separately from the license fee. Generally, revenue from time-and-materials consulting contracts is recognized as services are performed.

Revenues from contracts for technology integration consulting services are recognized on the percentage-of-completion method. Percentage-of-completion accounting involves calculating the percentage of services provided during the reporting period compared to the total estimated services to be provided over the duration of the contract. If estimates indicate that a contract loss will occur, a loss provision is recorded in the period in which the loss first becomes probable and reasonably estimable. Contract losses are determined to be the amount by which the estimated direct and indirect costs of the contract exceed the estimated total revenues that will be generated by the contract. There were no contract loss provisions recorded as of September 30, 2013 and 2012. Revenues recognized in excess of billings are recorded as unbilled services within other assets. Billings in excess of revenues recognized are recorded as deferred revenues until revenue recognition criteria are met.

Initial set-up fees. The Company enters into agreements with its broker-dealer clients pursuant to which the Company provides access to its platform through a non-exclusive and non-transferable license. Broker-dealer clients may pay an initial set-up fee, which is typically due and payable upon execution of the broker-dealer agreement. The initial set-up fee, if any, varies by agreement. Revenue is recognized over the initial term of the agreement, which is generally two years. Initial set-up fees are reported in other income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payment awards based on their estimated fair values measured as of the grant date. These costs are recognized as an expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the requisite service period, which is typically the vesting period, with an offsetting increase to additional paid-in capital.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when such differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recognized against deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized in future years. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Business Combinations, Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Business acquisitions are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The total cost of an acquisition is allocated to the underlying net assets based on their respective estimated fair values. The excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Determining the fair value of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed is judgmental in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including assumptions with respect to future cash flows, discount rates, growth rates and asset lives.

An impairment review of goodwill is performed on an annual basis and more frequently if circumstances change. Intangible assets with definite lives, including purchased technologies, customer relationships and other intangible assets, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from three to fifteen years. Intangible assets are assessed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the existence of a possible impairment.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stock by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. For purposes of computing diluted earnings per share, the weighted-average shares outstanding of common stock reflects the dilutive effect that could occur if convertible securities or other contracts to issue common stock were converted into or exercised for common stock.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Out-of-Period Adjustment

During the second quarter of 2013, the Company determined that it had incorrectly excluded incentive compensation as a component of employee compensation eligible for capitalization under its software development costs capitalization policy. The Company assessed this error and determined that it was not material to previous reporting periods and is not material to the current year. Therefore, the Company recorded this item as an out-of-period adjustment in the three months ended June 30, 2013 by reducing employee compensation and benefits expense by $2.9 million and increasing depreciation and amortization expense by $1.3 million in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and increasing the net book value of capitalized software by $1.6 million in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. This item was reflected as a non-cash adjustment in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued new guidance related to the Statement of Comprehensive Income. Reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income are required on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. This accounting standard is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2012. The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2013.

3. Net Capital Requirements and Customer Protection Requirements

MarketAxess Corporation, a U.S. subsidiary, is a registered broker-dealer with the SEC and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). MarketAxess Corporation claims exemption from SEC Rule 15c3-3, as it does not hold customer securities or funds on account, as defined. Pursuant to the Uniform Net Capital Rule under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, MarketAxess Corporation is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equal to the greater of $250,000 or 6 2/3% of aggregate indebtedness. MarketAxess Europe Limited, a U.K. subsidiary, is registered as a Multilateral Trading Facility dealer with the Financial Conduct Authority (formerly the Financial Services Authority) (“FCA”) in the U.K. MarketAxess Canada Limited, a Canadian subsidiary, is registered as an Alternative Trading System dealer under the Securities Act of Ontario and is a member of the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada. MarketAxess Europe Limited and MarketAxess Canada Limited are subject to certain financial resource requirements of the FCA and the Ontario Securities Commission, respectively. The following table sets forth the capital requirements, as defined, that the Company’s subsidiaries were required to maintain as of September 30, 2013:


	MarketAxess		MarketAxess		MarketAxess
	Corporation		Europe Limited		Canada Limited
	(In thousands)
Net capital	$	62,853	$	17,393	$	827
Minimum net capital required		1,814		3,155		267

Excess net capital	$	61,039	$	14,238	$	560

The Company’s regulated subsidiaries are subject to U.S., U.K. and Canadian regulations which prohibit repayment of borrowings from the Company or affiliates, paying cash dividends, making loans to the Company or affiliates or otherwise entering into transactions that result in a significant reduction in regulatory net capital or financial resources, respectively, without prior notification to or approval from such regulated entity’s principal regulator.

On September 13, 2013, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) granted temporary registration to MarketAxess SEF Corporation, a U.S. subsidiary of the Company, to operate a swap execution facility (the “SEF”) for the trading of swaps subject to the CFTC’s jurisdiction. The SEF, which commenced operations in October 2013, will be subject to various CFTC regulations, including maintenance of a minimum level of financial resources.

4. Fair Value Measurements

The following table summarizes the valuation of the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value as categorized based on the hierarchy described in Note 2.


	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
	(In thousands)
As of September 30, 2013
Money market funds	$	73,507	$	—		$	—	$	73,507
Securities available-for-sale:
Municipal securities		—		8,696			—		8,696
Corporate bonds		—		49,741			—		49,741
Foreign currency forward position		—		(326	)		—		(326	)

	$	73,507	$	58,111		$	—	$	131,618

As of December 31, 2012
Money market funds	$	83,519	$	—		$	—	$	83,519
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government obligations		—		31,104			—		31,104
Municipal securities		—		17,947			—		17,947
Corporate bonds		—		2,157			—		2,157
Foreign currency forward and option contracts		—		15			—		15

	$	83,519	$	51,223		$	—	$	134,742

Securities classified within Level 2 were valued using a market approach utilizing prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving comparable assets. The foreign currency forward contract is classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted market prices. There were no financial assets classified within Level 3 during 2013 and 2012.

The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the exposure to variability in foreign currency cash flows resulting from the net investment in the Company’s U.K. subsidiaries. The Company assesses each foreign currency forward contract to ensure that it is highly effective at reducing the exposure being hedged. The Company designates each foreign currency forward contract as a hedge, assesses the risk management objective and strategy, including identification of the hedging instrument, the hedged item and the risk exposure and how effectiveness is to be assessed prospectively and retrospectively. These hedges are for a one-month period and are used to limit exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. A gross and net fair value asset is included in accounts receivable and a gross and net fair value liability is included in accounts payable in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Gains or losses on foreign currency forward contracts designated as hedges are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

A summary of the foreign currency forward contract is as follows:


	As of
	September 30, 2013			December 31, 2012
	(In thousands)
Notional value	$	28,179		$	15,792
Fair value of notional		28,505			15,809

Gross and net fair value (liability)	$	(326	)	$	(17	)

The following is a summary of the Company’s securities available-for-sale:


			Gross		Gross			Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized			fair
	cost		gains		losses			value
	(In thousands)
As of September 30, 2013
Municipal securities	$	8,686	$	10	$	—		$	8,696
Corporate bonds		49,707		64		(30	)		49,741

Total securities available-for-sale	$	58,393	$	74	$	(30	)	$	58,437

As of December 31, 2012
U.S. government obligations	$	30,255	$	849	$	—		$	31,104
Municipal securities		17,941		10		(4	)		17,947
Corporate bonds		2,159		—		(2	)		2,157

Total securities available-for-sale	$	50,355	$	859	$	(6	)	$	51,208

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of securities available-for-sale:


	As of
	September 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
	(In thousands)
Less than one year	$	12,161	$	10,870
Due in 1 - 5 years		46,276		40,338

Total securities available-for-sale	$	58,437	$	51,208

Proceeds from the sales and maturities of securities available-for-sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were $41.6 million and $29.0 million, respectively.

The following table provides fair values and unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale and by the aging of the securities’ continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:


	Less than Twelve Months					Twelve Months or More				Total
	Estimated		Gross			Estimated		Gross		Estimated		Gross
	fair		unrealized			fair		unrealized		fair		unrealized
	value		losses			value		losses		value		losses
	(In thousands)
As of September 30, 2013
Municipal securities	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Corporate bonds		19,414		(30	)		—		—		19,414		(30	)

Total securities available-for-sale	$	19,414	$	(30	)	$	—	$	—	$	19,414	$	(30	)


	Less than Twelve Months					Twelve Months or More				Total
	Estimated		Gross			Estimated		Gross		Estimated		Gross
	fair		unrealized			fair		unrealized		fair		unrealized
	value		losses			value		losses		value		losses
	(In thousands)
As of December 31, 2012
Municipal securities	$	2,780	$	(4	)	$	—	$	—	$	2,780	$	(4	)
Corporate bonds		2,157		(2	)		—		—		2,157		(2	)

Total securities available-for-sale	$	4,937	$	(6	)	$	—	$	—	$	4,937	$	(6	)

5. Acquisition

On February 28, 2013, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Xtrakter Limited (“Xtrakter”) from Euroclear S.A./N.V. Xtrakter is a U.K.-based provider of trade matching, regulatory transaction reporting and market and reference data across a range of fixed-income products. The acquisition of Xtrakter provides the Company with an expanded set of technology solutions ahead of incoming pre-and post-trade transparency mandates from the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II in Europe. The aggregate purchase price was $37.8 million in cash, net of acquired cash. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, transaction costs such as legal, regulatory, accounting, tax, valuation and other professional services were $1.6 million.

The Company has completed a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition. It is possible that the purchase price allocation will be adjusted upon finalization of the valuation for the acquired intangible assets and income tax liabilities. The Company expects to finalize the purchase price allocation in the fourth quarter of 2013. The preliminary purchase price allocation is as follows (in thousands):


Purchase price	$	46,683
Less: acquired cash		(8,856	)

Purchase price, net of acquired cash		37,827

Accounts receivable		3,538
Intangible assets		13,255
Other assets		1,718
Deferred tax liability, net		(2,342	)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred revenue		(4,576	)

Goodwill	$	26,234

The acquired intangible assets are as follows (in thousands, except for useful lives):


	Costs		Useful Lives
Customer relationships	$	5,455	10-15 years
Internally developed software		5,000	3 years
Tradename- indefinite life		1,820	indefinite
Tradename- finite life		300	3 years
Non-compete agreement		380	3 years
Other		300	indefinite

Total	$	13,255

The identifiable intangible assets and goodwill are not deductible for tax purposes.

Since the date of the acquisition, Xtrakter-related revenue and net income of $12.8 million and $0.1 million, respectively, have been included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information reflects the results of operations of the Company for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, as if the acquisition of Xtrakter had occurred as of the beginning of each period presented, after giving effect to certain purchase accounting adjustments. These pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what the Company’s operating results would have been had the acquisition actually taken place at the beginning of each period presented. The pro forma financial information includes the amortization charges from acquired intangible assets, adjustments to interest income to reflect the cash purchase price and related tax effects.


	Pro forma
	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2012		2013		2012
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenues	$	53,923	$	182,215	$	166,196
Income before income taxes	$	20,697	$	82,536	$	64,285
Net income	$	13,111	$	54,743	$	38,995
Basic net income per common share	$	0.36	$	1.49	$	1.07
Diluted net income per common share	$	0.35	$	1.45	$	1.03

6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of changes in goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 (in thousands):


Balance at beginning of period	$	31,785
Goodwill from Xtrakter acquisition		26,234
Intangible assets with indefinite lives from Xtrakter acquisition		2,120
Less: Goodwill ascribed to discontinued operations		(278	)

Balance at end of period	$	59,861

Intangible assets that are subject to amortization, including the related accumulated amortization, are comprised of the following:


	September 30, 2013							December 31, 2012
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
	(In thousands)
Technology	$	5,770	$	(1,731	)	$	4,039	$	4,010	$	(3,892	)	$	118
Customer relationships		5,692		(633	)		5,059		3,530		(2,364	)		1,166
Non-competition agreements		380		(74	)		306		1,260		(1,214	)		46
Tradenames		370		(128	)		242		590		(570	)		20

Total	$	12,212	$	(2,566	)	$	9,646	$	9,390	$	(8,040	)	$	1,350

Amortization expense associated with identifiable intangible assets was $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and $37,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Estimated total amortization expense is $2.2 million for 2013, $2.3 million for 2014, $2.3 million for 2015, $0.7 million for 2016 and $0.4 million for 2017.

7. Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes from continuing operations consists of the following:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012			2013			2012
	(In thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	6,742		$	6,657		$	20,004		$	8,705
State and local		1,823			887			4,717			1,834
Foreign		312			908			602			787

Total current provision		8,877			8,452			25,323			11,326

Deferred:
Federal		(380	)		(232	)		3,885			12,509
State and local		(79	)		(428	)		699			2,486
Foreign		(289	)					(519	)		1

Total deferred provision		(748	)		(660	)		4,065			14,996

Provision for income taxes	$	8,129		$	7,792		$	29,388		$	26,322

The following is a summary of the Company’s net deferred tax assets:


	As of
	September 30, 2013			December 31, 2012
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets and liabilities	$	15,773		$	10,169
Valuation allowance		(11,461	)		(727	)

Deferred tax assets, net	$	4,312		$	9,442

As a result of the October 2013 sale of Greenline Financial Technologies, Inc. (“Greenline”) (see Note 12), the Company recognized a deferred tax asset of approximately $10.8 million in the third quarter of 2013 related to the book and tax basis difference of the investment in Greenline. A full valuation allowance has been established against this deferred tax asset due to the uncertainty in utilizing the capital loss to be generated on the disposition.

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files U.S. federal, state and foreign income tax returns. No income tax returns have been audited, with the exception of New York city (through 2003) and state (through 2006) and Connecticut state (through 2003) tax returns. Examinations of the Company’s federal tax return for 2011 and New York state franchise tax returns for 2007 through 2009 are currently underway. The Company cannot estimate when the examinations will conclude.

Effective January 1, 2013, the Company has determined that unremitted earnings of its foreign subsidiaries will be considered indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States. There were no aggregate unremitted earnings as of December 31, 2012 and the impact of the reinvestment decision was immaterial to the income tax provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013.

8. Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012		2013		2012
	(In thousands)
Employee:
Restricted stock and performance shares	$	1,820	$	1,796	$	5,317	$	5,270
Stock options		238		172		661		478

		2,058		1,968		5,978		5,748

Non-employee directors:
Restricted stock		183		188		441		436

Total stock-based compensation	$	2,241	$	2,156	$	6,419	$	6,184

The Company records stock-based compensation for employees in employee compensation and benefits and for non-employee directors in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the Company granted to employees and non-employee directors a total of 252,047 shares of restricted stock or restricted stock units, performance-based shares with an expected pay-out at target of 42,908 shares of common stock and 51,597 options to purchase shares of common stock. The fair value of the restricted stock and performance-based share awards was based on a weighted-average grant date fair value per share of $39.98 and $35.98, respectively. Based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the weighted-average fair value for each option granted was $19.62 per share. As of September 30, 2013, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards was $15.6 million. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.

9. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012			2013			2012
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income from continuing operations	$	18,259		$	13,708		$	53,093		$	40,857
Net (loss) from discontinued operations		(46	)		(226	)		(210	)		(1,253	)

Net income	$	18,213		$	13,482		$	52,883		$	39,604

Common stock—voting		36,919			36,500			36,854			35,968
Common stock—non-voting		—			—			—			553

Basic weighted average shares outstanding		36,919			36,500			36,854			36,521

Basic earnings per common share
Income from continuing operations	$	0.49		$	0.38		$	1.44		$	1.12
(Loss) from discontinued operations		—			(0.01	)		(0.01	)		(0.04	)

Basic earnings per share	$	0.49		$	0.37		$	1.43		$	1.08

Weighted average shares outstanding		36,919			36,500			36,854			36,521
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock		1,046			1,041			966			1,371

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		37,965			37,541			37,820			37,892

Diluted earnings per common share
Income from continuing operations	$	0.48		$	0.37		$	1.41		$	1.08
(Loss) from discontinued operations		—			(0.01	)	$	(0.01	)		(0.03	)

Diluted earnings per share	$	0.48		$	0.36		$	1.40		$	1.05

Stock options and restricted stock totaling 88,138 shares and 29,352 for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 213,729 shares and 110,697 shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been antidilutive. The computation of diluted shares can vary among periods due, in part, to the change in the average price of the Company’s common stock.

10. Credit Facility

On January 14, 2013, the Company entered into a three-year credit agreement (“Credit Agreement”) which provides for revolving loans and letters of credit up to an aggregate of $50.0 million (“Credit Facility”). Subject to satisfaction of certain specified conditions, the Company is permitted to upsize the Credit Facility by an additional $50.0 million in total. As of September 30, 2013, there was $49.9 million available to borrow under the Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate per annum equal to either of the following, as designated by the Company for each borrowing: (A) the sum of (i) the greatest of (a) the prime rate, as defined, (b) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50% and (c) one month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00% plus (ii) 0.50% or (B) the sum of (i) adjusted LIBOR plus (ii) 1.50%. Default interest is 2.00% per annum in excess of the rate otherwise applicable in the case of any overdue principal or any other overdue amount. The Company is also required to pay a commitment fee to the lenders under the Credit Facility in respect of unutilized revolving loan commitments at a rate of 0.30% per annum.

The Company’s existing and future domestic subsidiaries (other than any broker-dealer subsidiary) have guaranteed the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement. Subject to customary exceptions and exclusions, the Credit Facility is collateralized by first priority pledges (subject to permitted liens) of substantially all of the Company’s personal property assets and the personal property assets of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries that have guaranteed the Credit Facility, including the equity interests of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and the equity interests of certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries (limited, in the case of the voting equity interests of the foreign subsidiaries, to a pledge of 65% of those equity interests). Each of the Company and the guarantors will also be required to provide mortgages on any real property owned by it.

The Credit Agreement requires that the Company’s consolidated total leverage ratio tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter not exceed 2.5 to 1.0. The Credit Agreement also requires that the Company’s consolidated interest coverage ratio tested on the last day of each fiscal quarter not fall below 3.5 to 1.0.

If an event of default occurs, including failure to pay principal or interest due on the loan balance, a voluntary or involuntary proceeding seeking liquidation, change in control of the Company, or one or more judgments against the Company in excess of $10 million, the lenders would be entitled to accelerate the facility and take various other actions, including all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. If certain bankruptcy events of default occur, the facility will automatically accelerate.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

The Company leases office space and equipment under non-cancelable lease agreements expiring at various dates through 2027. Office space leases are subject to escalation based on certain costs incurred by the landlord. Minimum rental commitments as of September 30, 2013 under such operating and capital leases were as follows:


	Operating Leases		Capital Leases
	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2013	$	392	$	70
2014		1,550		42
2015		1,921		—
2016		3,048		—
2017		3,949		—
2018 and thereafter		18,211		—

Minimum lease payments		29,071		112
Less amount representing interest		—		2

	$	29,071	$	110

Rental expense was $3.0 million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and is included in occupancy expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Rental expense has been recorded based on the total minimum lease payments after giving effect to rent abatement and concessions, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. The Company is contingently obligated for standby letters of credit amounting to $1.4 million that were issued to landlords for office space.

On August 29, 2013, the Company executed a lease for approximately 16,000 square feet of office space in London, England. The lease expires in January 2027. Aggregate lease payments through the final lease termination date are approximately $14.1 million, which payments are included in the operating leases commitments in the table above.

In 2008, the Company assigned the lease agreement on a leased property to a third party. The Company is contingently liable should the assignee default on future lease obligations through the November 2015 lease termination date. The aggregate amount of future lease obligations under this arrangement was $0.8 million as of September 30, 2013.

Employee Matter

The Company assesses its liabilities and contingencies in connection with outstanding legal proceedings, if any, utilizing the latest information available. For matters where it is probable that the Company will incur a material loss and the amount can be reasonably estimated, the Company would establish an accrual for the loss. Once established, the accrual would be adjusted to reflect any relevant developments. When a loss contingency is not both probable and estimable, the Company does not establish an accrual.

On January 2, 2013, a former employee of the Company filed a complaint against the Company with the U.S. Department of Labor alleging retaliatory employment practices in violation of the whistleblower provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The relief sought includes, among other things, reinstatement, back pay and compensatory and punitive damages. The Company believes the complaint is without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself against the allegations. The Company filed its response to the complaint on February 26, 2013. Given the inherent uncertainty of the potential outcome of such proceedings, the Company cannot estimate the reasonably possible range of loss at this time. Based on the available information, the Company believes that the low end of the reasonably possible range of loss is zero and, accordingly, no loss accrual has been provided in the Company’s accompanying financial statements.

Other

The Company, through two regulated subsidiaries, executes certain bond transactions between and among institutional investor and broker-dealer clients on a riskless principal basis by serving as counterparty to both the buyer and the seller, which are then settled through a third-party clearing organization. The Company acts as intermediary on a riskless principal basis in these bond transactions by serving as counterparty to the two clients involved. Settlement typically occurs within one to three trading days after the trade date. Cash settlement of the transaction occurs upon receipt or delivery of the underlying instrument that was traded. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, revenues from riskless principal trading were $4.5 million. Under securities clearing agreements with the independent third party, the Company maintains a collateral deposit with the clearing broker in the form of cash. As of September 30, 2013, the amount of the collateral deposit included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition was $0.9 million. The Company is exposed to credit risk in the event a counterparty does not fulfill its obligation to complete a transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the securities clearing agreements between the Company and the independent clearing broker, the clearing broker has the right to charge the Company for losses resulting from a counterparty’s failure to fulfill its contractual obligations. The losses are not capped at a maximum amount and apply to all trades executed through the clearing broker. At September 30, 2013, the Company had not recorded any liabilities with regard to this right.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations, warranties and general indemnifications. The Company’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Company expects the risk of loss to be remote.

12. Discontinued Operations

On September 30, 2013, the Company executed a stock purchase agreement to sell 100% of the outstanding shares of Greenline, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, to CameronTec Intressenter AB. The transaction closed on October 8, 2013. The aggregate purchase price was $11.0 million in cash, subject to a post-closing working capital adjustment. The Company expects to recognize a gain on the disposition of approximately $7.0 million, net of tax, during the fourth quarter of 2013.

Greenline’s operating results have been classified as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The following is a summary of Greenline’s operating results:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012			2013			2012
	(In thousands)
Revenues	$	2,009		$	1,853		$	5,967		$	5,553
Expenses		2,071			2,144			6,296			7,575

(Loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations		(62	)		(291	)		(329	)		(2,022	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		(16	)		(65	)		(119	)		(769	)

Net (loss) from discontinued operations	$	(46	)	$	(226	)	$	(210	)	$	(1,253	)

The following is a summary of Greenline’s assets and liabilities, which have been classified as assets and liabilities from discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition:


	As of
	September 30, 2013
	(In thousands)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	656
Accounts receivable		2,181
Other assets		3,549

Assets from discontinued operations	$	6,386

Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	1,034
Deferred revenue		2,268

Liabilities from discontinued operations	$	3,302

13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following is a summary of the changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss from the Statement of Financial Condition for the nine months ended September 30, 2013:


	Cumulative translation adjustment and foreign currency exchange hedge, net of tax			Unrealized net gain (loss) on securities available- for-sale, net of tax			Accumulated other comprehensive loss
	(In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2012	$	(3,617	)	$	524		$	(3,093	)
Other comprehensive loss		(341	)		(497	)		(838	)

Balance at September 30, 2013	$	(3,958	)	$	27		$	(3,931	)

14. Customer Concentration

During both the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, no single client accounted for more than 10% of total revenue. One client accounted for 12.6% and 14.2% of trading volumes during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

15. Share Repurchases

In October 2011, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $35.0 million of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2013, the Company repurchased 955,342 shares of common stock at a cost of $29.2 million. No shares were repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Shares repurchased under the program will be held in treasury for future use.

In February 2012, the Company repurchased 1,821,730 shares of the Company’s non-voting common stock from JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPM”) at a cost of $52.9 million. Shares repurchased from JPM were cancelled by the Company.

16. Related Party

In February 2012, the Company completed a registered underwritten secondary public offering of 3,597,333 shares of common stock held by JPM. The Company did not receive any of the proceeds of the offering. In addition, the Company repurchased 1,821,730 shares of non-voting common stock held by JPM. Immediately following the offering, JPM no longer held shares of common stock in the Company and, accordingly, is not considered a related party. The Company generated commissions, technology products and services revenues, information and user access fees, investment income and other income from JPM totaling $1.6 million for the two months ended February 28, 2012.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “will,” or words of similar meaning and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the outlook for our future business and financial performance. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and assumptions, which are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. It is routine for our internal projections and expectations to change as the year or each quarter in the year progresses, and therefore it should be clearly understood that the internal projections and beliefs upon which we base our expectations may change prior to the end of each quarter or the year. Although these expectations may change, we are under no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements contained in this report. Our company policy is generally to provide our expectations only once per quarter, and not to update that information until the next quarter. Actual future events or results may differ materially from those contained in the projections or forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this report, particularly in the section captioned Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

Executive Overview

MarketAxess operates a leading electronic trading platform that enables fixed-income market participants to efficiently trade corporate bonds and other types of fixed-income instruments using our patented trading technology. Our over 1,000 active institutional investor clients (firms that executed at least one trade in U.S. or European fixed income securities through our electronic trading platform between September 2012 and September 2013) include investment advisers, mutual funds, insurance companies, public and private pension funds, bank portfolios, broker-dealers and hedge funds. Our 85 broker-dealer market-maker clients provide liquidity on the platform and include most of the leading broker-dealers in global fixed-income trading. We also execute certain bond transactions between and among institutional investor and broker-dealer clients on a riskless principal basis by serving as counterparty to both the buyer and the seller, which then settle through a third-party clearing organization. We offer a number of trading-related products and services, including market data to assist clients with trading decisions; connectivity solutions that facilitate straight-through processing; technology services to optimize trading environments; and execution services for exchange-traded fund managers and other clients. We also offer a range of pre- and post-trade services, including trade matching, regulatory transaction reporting and reference data, across a range of fixed-income products.

Our multi-dealer trading platform allows our institutional investor clients to simultaneously request competing, executable bids or offers from our broker-dealer clients and execute trades with the broker-dealer of their choice from among those that choose to respond. We offer our broker-dealer clients a solution that enables them to efficiently reach our institutional investor clients for the distribution and trading of bonds. In addition to U.S. high-grade corporate bonds, European high-grade corporate bonds and emerging markets bonds, including both investment-grade and non-investment grade debt, we also offer our clients the ability to trade crossover and high-yield bonds, U.S. agency bonds, asset-backed and preferred securities and credit default swaps.

The majority of our revenues are derived from commissions for trades executed on our platform and distribution fees that are billed to our broker-dealer clients on a monthly basis. We also derive revenues from technology products and services, information and post-trade services, investment income and other income. Our expenses consist of employee compensation and benefits, depreciation and amortization, technology and communication expenses, professional and consulting fees, occupancy, marketing and advertising and other general and administrative expenses.

Our objective is to provide the leading global electronic trading platform for fixed-income securities, connecting broker-dealers and institutional investors more easily and efficiently, while offering a broad array of information, trading and technology services to market participants across the trading cycle. The key elements of our strategy are:

•

to innovate and efficiently add new functionality and product offerings to the MarketAxess platform that we believe will help to increase our market share with existing clients, as well as expand our client base;

•

to leverage our technology, as well as our strong broker-dealer and institutional investor relationships, to deploy our electronic trading platform into additional product segments within the fixed-income securities markets, deliver fixed-income securities-related technical services and products, and deploy our electronic trading platform into new client segments;

•

to continue building our existing service offerings so that our electronic trading platform is fully integrated into the workflow of our broker-dealer and institutional investor clients and to continue to add functionality to allow our clients to achieve a fully automated end-to-end straight-through processing solution (automation from trade initiation to settlement);

•

to add new content and analytical capabilities to Corporate BondTicker™ in order to improve the value of the information we provide to our clients; and

•

to continue to supplement our internal growth by entering into strategic alliances, or acquiring businesses or technologies that will enable us to enter new markets, provide new products or services, or otherwise enhance the value of our platform to our clients. On February 28, 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Xtrakter Limited (“Xtrakter”) from Euroclear S.A./N.V. Xtrakter is a U.K.-based provider of trade matching, regulatory transaction reporting and market and reference data, across a range of fixed-income products. The acquisition of Xtrakter provides us with an expanded set of technology solutions ahead of incoming pre- and post-trade transparency mandates from the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II in Europe.

Critical Factors Affecting Our Industry and Our Company

Economic, Political and Market Factors

The global fixed-income securities industry is risky and volatile and is directly affected by a number of economic, political and market factors that may result in declining trading volume. These factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These factors include, among others, credit market conditions, the current interest rate environment, including the volatility of interest rates and investors’ forecasts of future interest rates, economic and political conditions in the United States, Europe and elsewhere, and consolidation or contraction of broker-dealers.

Competitive Landscape

The global fixed-income securities industry generally, and the electronic financial services markets in which we engage in particular, are highly competitive, and we expect competition to intensify in the future. Sources of competition for us will continue to include, among others, bond trading conducted directly between broker-dealers and their institutional investor clients over the telephone or electronically and other multi-dealer trading companies. Competitors, including companies in which some of our broker-dealer clients have invested, have developed electronic trading platforms or have announced their intention to explore the development of electronic platforms that may compete with us.

In general, we compete on the basis of a number of key factors, including, among others, the liquidity provided on our platform, the magnitude and frequency of price improvement enabled by our platform and the quality and speed of execution. We believe that our ability to grow volumes and revenues will largely depend on our performance with respect to these factors.

Our competitive position is also enhanced by the familiarity and integration of our broker-dealer and institutional investor clients with our electronic trading platform and other systems. We have focused on the unique aspects of the credit markets we serve in the development of our platform, working closely with our clients to provide a system that is suited to their needs.

Regulatory Environment

Our industry has been and is subject to continuous regulatory changes and may become subject to new regulations or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing regulations, which could require us to incur significant costs.

Our U.S. subsidiary, MarketAxess Corporation, is a registered broker-dealer with the SEC and is a member of FINRA. Our U.K. subsidiary, MarketAxess Europe Limited, is registered as a multilateral trading facility dealer with the FCA in the U.K. MarketAxess Canada Limited, a Canadian subsidiary, is registered as an Alternative Trading System dealer under the Securities Act of Ontario and is a member of the Investment Industry Regulatory Organization of Canada. Relevant regulations prohibit repayment of borrowings from these subsidiaries or their affiliates, paying cash dividends, making loans to us or our affiliates or otherwise entering into transactions that result in a significant reduction in regulatory net capital or financial resources, without prior notification to or approval from such regulated entity’s principal regulator.

In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was signed into law. Among the most significant aspects of the derivatives section of the Dodd-Frank Act are mandatory clearing of certain derivatives transactions (“swaps”) through regulated central clearing organizations and mandatory trading of those swaps through either regulated exchanges or swap execution facilities (“SEFs”), in each case, subject to certain key exceptions. On September 13, 2013, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) granted temporary registration to MarketAxess SEF Corporation, a U.S. subsidiary of ours, to operate a SEF for the trading of swaps subject to the CFTC’s jurisdiction. While certain of the CFTC’s rules relating to the trading of swaps on SEFs were implemented on October 2, 2013, the CFTC postponed the implementation of certain other SEF-related rules, and other such rules have not yet taken effect. The SEC has not yet finalized its rules for security-based SEFs, nor has it published a timetable for the finalization and implementation of such rules. No assurance can be given regarding when, whether or in what form the remaining rules regarding the new regulatory regime for the swaps marketplace will be finalized or implemented.

The proposed Volcker Rule section of the Dodd-Frank Act bans proprietary trading by banks and their affiliates. The Volcker Rule could adversely affect our bank-affiliated broker-dealer clients’ ability to make markets in a variety of fixed-income securities, thereby negatively impacting the level of liquidity and pricing available on our trading platform. We cannot predict the extent to which any future regulatory changes may adversely affect our business and operations.

Similar to the U.S., regulatory bodies in Europe and elsewhere are developing new rules for derivatives trading. For example, the European Parliament and the EU Council of Ministers endorsed an agreement in 2012 that will, among other things, require central clearing of standardized OTC derivatives and the reporting of all derivatives (OTC or otherwise) to trade repositories. However, it is not yet clear whether there will be any requirement in the EU to trade standardized derivative contracts on regulated exchanges or trading platforms.

Rapid Technological Changes

We must continue to enhance and improve our electronic trading platform. The electronic financial services industry is characterized by increasingly complex systems and infrastructures and new business models. Our future success will depend on our ability to enhance our existing products and services, develop and/or license new products and technologies that address the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of our broker-dealer and institutional investor clients and prospective clients and respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices on a cost-effective and timely basis. We have received 12 patents covering our most significant trading protocols and other aspects of our trading system technology and additional patents are pending.

Trends in Our Business

The majority of our revenues are derived from commissions for transactions executed on our platform between our institutional investor and broker-dealer clients and monthly distribution fees. We believe that there are five key variables that impact the notional value of such transactions on our platform and the amount of commissions and distribution fees earned by us:

•

the number of institutional investor clients that participate on the platform and their willingness to originate transactions through the platform;

•

the number of broker-dealer clients on the platform and the frequency and competitiveness of the price responses they provide to the institutional investor clients;

•

the number of markets for which we make trading available to our clients;

•

the overall level of activity in these markets; and

•

the level of commissions that we collect for trades executed through the platform.

We believe that overall corporate bond market trading volume is affected by various factors including the absolute levels of interest rates, the direction of interest rate movements, the level of new issues of corporate bonds and the volatility of corporate bond spreads versus U.S. Treasury securities. Because a significant percentage of our revenue is tied directly to the volume of securities traded on our platform, it is likely that a general decline in trading volumes, regardless of the cause of such decline, would reduce our revenues and have a significant negative impact on profitability.

Commission Revenue

Commissions are generally calculated as a percentage of the notional dollar volume of bonds traded on our platform and vary based on the type, size, yield and maturity of the bond traded. The commission rates are based on a number of factors, including fees charged by inter-dealer brokers in the respective markets, average bid-offer spreads in the products we offer and transaction costs through alternative channels including the telephone. Under our transaction fee plans, bonds that are more actively traded or that have shorter maturities are generally charged lower commissions, while bonds that are less actively traded or that have longer maturities generally command higher commissions.

U.S. High-Grade Corporate Bond Commissions. Our U.S. high-grade corporate bond fee plans for fully electronic trades generally incorporate variable transaction fees and distribution fees billed to our broker-dealer clients on a monthly basis. Certain dealers participate in fee programs that do not contain monthly distribution fees and instead incorporate additional per transaction execution fees and minimum monthly fee commitments. Under the fee plans, we electronically add the transaction fee to the spread quoted by the broker-dealer client. The U.S. high-grade transaction fee is generally designated in basis points in yield and, as a result, is subject to fluctuation depending on the duration of the bond traded. The average U.S. high-grade fees per million may vary in the future due to changes in yield and years-to-maturity of bonds traded on our platform.

Other Credit Commissions. Other credit includes emerging markets, high-yield, Eurobonds and structured products. Commissions for other credit products generally vary based on the type of the instrument traded using standard fee schedules. Similar to the U.S. high-grade plans, our European fee plans generally incorporate monthly distribution fees as well as variable transaction fees.

Liquid Products Commissions. Liquid products includes U.S. agency and European government bonds. Commissions for liquid products generally vary based on the type of the instrument traded using standard fee schedules.

For trades that we execute between and among institutional investor and broker-dealer clients on a riskless principal basis by serving as counterparty to both the buyer and the seller, we earn our commission through the difference in price between the two riskless principal trades.

We anticipate that average fees per million may change in the future. Consequently, past trends in commissions are not necessarily indicative of future commissions.

Other Revenue

In addition to the commissions discussed above, we earn revenue from information and post-trade services, technology products and services, income on investments and other income.

Information and post-trade services. We charge information services fees for Corporate BondTicker^TM to our broker-dealer clients, institutional investor clients and data-only subscribers. The information services fee is a flat monthly fee, based on the level of service. We also generate information services fees from the sale of bulk data and pricing services. Institutional investor clients trading U.S. high-grade corporate bonds are charged a monthly user access fee for the use of our platform. The fee, billed quarterly, is charged to the client based on the number of the client’s users. To encourage institutional investor clients to execute trades on our platform, we reduce these information and user access fees for such clients once minimum quarterly trading volumes are attained. We also generate revenue by providing regulatory transaction reporting and trade matching services to the securities markets.

Technology Products and Services. Technology products and services include software licenses, maintenance and support services and professional consulting services.

Investment Income. Investment income consists of income earned on our investments.

Other. Other revenues include fees from telecommunications line charges to broker-dealer clients, initial set-up fees and other miscellaneous revenues.

Expenses

In the normal course of business, we incur the following expenses:

Employee Compensation and Benefits. Employee compensation and benefits is our most significant expense and includes employee salaries, stock-based compensation costs, other incentive compensation, employee benefits and payroll taxes.

Depreciation and Amortization. We depreciate our computer hardware and related software, office hardware and furniture and fixtures and amortize our capitalized software development costs on a straight-line basis over three to seven years. We amortize leasehold improvements on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the life of the improvement or the remaining term of the lease. Intangible assets with definite lives, including purchased technologies, customer relationships and other intangible assets, are amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from three to fifteen years. Intangible assets are assessed for impairment when events or circumstances indicate a possible impairment.

Technology and Communications. Technology and communications expense consists primarily of costs relating to maintenance on software and hardware, our internal network connections, data center hosting costs and data feeds provided by outside vendors or service providers. The majority of our broker-dealer clients have dedicated high-speed communication lines to our network in order to provide fast data transfer. We charge our broker-dealer clients a monthly fee for these connections, which is recovered against the relevant expenses we incur.

Professional and Consulting Fees. Professional and consulting fees consist primarily of accounting fees, legal fees and fees paid to information technology and non-information technology consultants for services provided for the maintenance of our trading platform and information services products.

Occupancy. Occupancy costs consist primarily of office and equipment rent, utilities and commercial rent tax.

Marketing and Advertising. Marketing and advertising expense consists primarily of print and other advertising expenses we incur to promote our products and services. This expense also includes costs associated with attending or exhibiting at industry-sponsored seminars, conferences and conventions, and travel and entertainment expenses incurred by our sales force to promote our trading platform and information services.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expense consists primarily of general travel and entertainment, board of directors’ expenses, charitable contributions, provision for doubtful accounts, and various state franchise and U.K. value-added taxes.

Expenses may grow in the future, notably in employee compensation and benefits, primarily due to investment in new products and geographic expansion. However, we believe that operating leverage can be achieved by increasing volumes in existing products and adding new products without substantial additions to our infrastructure.

Critical Accounting Estimates

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discusses our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, also referred to as U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under varying assumptions or conditions. Note 2 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements includes a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. There were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended September 30, 2013, as compared to those we disclosed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Segment Results

As an electronic, multi-dealer platform for trading fixed-income securities, our operations constitute a single business segment. Because of the highly integrated nature of the financial markets in which we compete and the integration of our worldwide business activities, we believe that results by geographic region, products or types of clients are not necessarily meaningful in understanding our business

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2012

Overview

Total revenues increased by $14.7 million or 31.7% to $61.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $46.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. This increase in total revenues was primarily due to an increase in commissions of $9.4 million and revenue from information and post-trade services of $5.2 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2013, information and post-trade services revenue generated by Xtrakter totaled $5.4 million.

Total expenses increased by $9.8 million or 39.5% to $34.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $24.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits of $4.5 million, depreciation and amortization of $1.7 million, professional and consulting expenses of $1.5 million and technology and communication costs of $1.3 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2013, total expenses included approximately $6.0 million of Xtrakter operating expenses.

Income before taxes from continuing operations increased by $4.9 million or 22.7% to $26.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $21.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. Net income from continuing operations was up $4.6 million or 33.2% to $18.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $13.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012.

On September 30, 2013, we executed a stock purchase agreement to sell 100% of the outstanding shares of Greenline Financial Technologies (“Greenline”). Greenline’s operating results have been classified as discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. The net loss from discontinued operations for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, was $46,000 and $0.2 million, respectively.

Revenues

Our revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the resulting dollar and percentage changes, were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2013					2012
			% of					% of			$			%
	$		Revenues			$		Revenues			Change			Change
	($ in thousands)
Commissions	$	51,818		84.8	%	$	42,379		91.3	%	$	9,439			22.3	%
Information and post-trade services		7,125		11.7			1,896		4.1			5,229			275.8
Technology products and services		1,561		2.6			1,124		2.4			437			38.9
Investment income		112		0.2			251		0.5			(139	)		(55.4	)
Other		517		0.8			752		1.6			(235	)		(31.3	)

Total revenues	$	61,133		100.0	%	$	46,402		100.0	%	$	14,731			31.7	%

Commissions. Our commission revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the resulting dollar and percentage changes, were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
					$			%
	2013		2012		Change			Change
	($ in thousands)
Variable transaction fees
U.S. high-grade	$	21,861	$	17,476	$	4,385			25.1	%
Other credit		13,536		9,588		3,948			41.2
Liquid products		785		785		—			—

Total variable transaction fees		36,182		27,849		8,333			29.9

Distribution fees
U.S. high-grade		13,313		12,261		1,052			8.6
Other credit		2,266		2,269		(3	)		(0.1	)
Liquid products		57		—		57			—

Total distribution fees		15,636		14,530		1,106			7.6

Total commissions	$	51,818	$	42,379	$	9,439			22.3	%

Variable Transaction Fees

The following table shows the extent to which the increase in commissions for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was attributable to changes in transaction volumes and variable transaction fees per million:


	Change from the Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
	U.S.
	High-Grade			Other Credit		Liquid Products			Total
	(In thousands)
Volume increase (decrease)	$	5,710		$	2,980	$	(66	)	$	8,623
Variable transaction fee per million (decrease) increase		(1,325	)		968		66			(290	)

Total commissions increase	$	4,385		$	3,948	$	—		$	8,333

Our trading volumes for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
					$			%
	2013		2012		Change			Change
Trading Volume Data (in millions)
U.S. high-grade—fixed rate	$	108,177	$	83,193	$	24,984			30.0	%
U.S. high-grade—floating rate		5,904		2,795		3,109			111.2

Total U.S. high-grade		114,081		85,988		28,093			32.7
Other credit		42,741		32,607		10,134			31.1
Liquid products		17,537		19,157		(1,620	)		(8.5	)

Total	$	174,359	$	137,752	$	36,607			26.6	%

Number of U.S. Trading Days		64		63
Number of U.K. Trading Days		65		64

For volume reporting purposes, transactions in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollars at average monthly rates. The 32.7% increase in U.S. high-grade volume was principally due to an increase in our estimated market share of total U.S. high-grade corporate bond volume as reported by FINRA TRACE from 12.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2012 to 14.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2013, coupled with an increase in estimated FINRA TRACE U.S. high-grade volume of 11.6% to $766.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2013 from $686.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2012. Other credit volumes increased by 31.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012 primarily due to higher emerging markets and high-yield bond volumes. Liquid products volume decreased by 8.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2012, due mainly to lower trading volumes in U.S. agency bonds.

Our average variable transaction fee per million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012
U.S. high-grade—fixed rate	$	200	$	209
U.S. high-grade—floating rate		29		37
Total U.S. high-grade		192		203
Other credit		317		294
Liquid products		45		41
Total		208		202

The U.S. high-grade average variable transaction fee per million decreased from $203 for the three months ended September 30, 2012 to $192 for the three months ended September 30, 2013. The change was primarily due to a decrease in the duration of bonds traded. Other credit average variable transaction fees per million increased from $294 for the three months ended September 30, 2012 to $317 for the three months ended September 30, 2013, primarily due to a larger percentage of volume in products that carry higher fees per million, principally emerging markets and high yield bonds. Liquid products average variable transaction fees per million increased from $41 for the three months ended September 30, 2012 to $45 for the three months ended September 30, 2013, primarily due to a change in the mix of products traded.

Distribution Fees

The $1.1 million increase in U.S. high-grade distribution fees was principally due to two broker-dealer market makers that moved to a distribution fee plan from an all-variable fee plan.

Information and Post-Trade Services. Information and post-trade services increased by $5.2 million or 275.8% to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. Information and post-trade services revenue generated by Xtrakter for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was $5.4 million.

Technology Products and Services. Technology products and services revenues increased by $0.4 million or 38.9% to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was due to higher professional consulting services revenues.

Investment Income. Investment income decreased by $0.1 million or 55.4% to $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The decrease was due to the reduction in cash and securities available-for-sale related to the acquisition of Xtrakter.

Other. Other income decreased by $0.2 million or 31.3% to $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $0.8 million for the three months ended September, 30 2012. The decrease was primarily due to lower initial setup fees from broker-dealer clients.

Expenses

Our expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the resulting dollar and percentage changes were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2013					2012
			% of					% of			$			%
	$		Revenues			$		Revenues			Change			Change
	($ in thousands)
Employee compensation and benefits	$	17,910		29.3	%	$	13,380		28.8	%	$	4,530			33.9	%
Depreciation and amortization		3,460		5.7			1,715		3.7			1,745			101.7
Technology and communications		4,509		7.4			3,206		6.9			1,303			40.6
Professional and consulting fees		4,540		7.4			3,006		6.5			1,534			51.0
Occupancy		1,205		2.0			595		1.3			610			102.5
Marketing and advertising		1,195		2.0			989		2.1			206			20.8
General and administrative		1,926		3.2			2,011		4.3			(85	)		(4.2	)

Total expenses	$	34,745		56.8	%	$	24,902		53.7	%	$	9,843			39.5	%

Employee Compensation and Benefits. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $4.5 million or 33.9% to $17.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $13.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was primarily due to higher wages and benefits of $3.7 million and an increase in employee incentive compensation costs of $0.8 million. Xtrakter employee compensation and benefits were $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013. Our employee headcount increased from 204 as of September 30, 2012 to 295 as of September 30, 2013, mainly due to personnel increases associated with the Xtrakter acquisition.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased by $1.7 million or 101.7% to $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was due to amortization of the Xtrakter intangible assets of $0.6 million, amortization of software development costs of $0.6 million resulting from increased product development and higher production equipment depreciation of $0.2 million due to the 2012 disaster recovery data center build-out. For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, $1.9 million and $3.9 million, respectively, of equipment purchases and leasehold improvements and $2.1 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of software development costs were capitalized. The decrease in equipment purchases and leasehold improvements was primarily due to the build-out of a replacement disaster recovery data center in 2012, partially offset by the build-out costs for new office space in London in 2013.

Technology and Communications. Technology and communications expenses increased by $1.3 million or 40.6% to $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 from $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was mainly due to Xtrakter technology and communications costs of $0.8 million and an increase in IT licenses and maintenance costs of $0.2 million.

Professional and Consulting Fees. Professional and consulting fees increased by $1.5 million or 51.0% to $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $3.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was primarily due to consulting costs of $0.5 million related to IT projects and Xtrakter’s professional and consulting expenses of $0.9 million.

Occupancy. Occupancy costs increased by $0.6 million or 102.5% to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 principally related to office space occupied by Xtrakter in London.

Marketing and Advertising. Marketing and advertising expenses increased by $0.2 million or 20.8% to $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was due to higher public relations and trade show expenses.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased slightly to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013, from $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012.

Provision for Income Tax. For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the income tax provision from continuing operations was $8.1 million and $7.8 million, respectively. Our consolidated effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was 30.8%, compared to 36.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2012. The reduction in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2013 was principally due to tax benefits of approximately $2.0 million associated with the domestic production activities deduction recognized in 2013. Our consolidated effective tax rate can vary from period to period depending on, among other factors, the geographic and business mix of our earnings and changes in tax legislation and tax rates.

Nine months Ended September 30, 2013 Compared to Nine months Ended September 30, 2012

Overview

Total revenues increased by $36.0 million or 25.3% to $178.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $142.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase in total revenues was primarily due to an increase in commissions of $23.3 million and revenue from information and post-trade services of $12.5 million. Information and post-trade services revenue generated by Xtrakter totaled $12.8 million since the February 28, 2013 acquisition date.

Total expenses increased by $20.7 million or 27.6% to $95.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $75.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. This increase was primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits of $6.1 million, depreciation and amortization of $5.4 million, professional and consulting expenses of $4.9 million and technology and communications costs of $2.7 million. Total expenses included approximately $12.9 million of Xtrakter operating expenses and an additional $1.6 million of acquisition-related costs. During the second quarter of 2013, we determined that we had incorrectly excluded incentive compensation as a component of employee compensation eligible for capitalization under our software development costs capitalization policy. We assessed this error and determined that it was not material to previous reporting periods and is not material to the current year. Therefore, we recorded this item as an out-of-period adjustment in the three months ended June 30, 2013 by reducing employee compensation and benefits expense by $2.9 million and increasing depreciation and amortization expense by $1.3 million.

Income before taxes from continuing operations increased by $15.3 million or 22.8% to $82.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $67.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Net income from continuing operations was up $12.2 million or 29.9% to $53.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $40.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

On September 30, 2013, we executed a stock purchase agreement to sell 100% of the outstanding shares of Greenline. Greenline’s operating results have been classified as discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. The net loss from discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, was $0.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

Revenues

Our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the resulting dollar and percentage changes, were as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013					2012
			% of					% of			$			%
	$		Revenues			$		Revenues			Change			Change
	($ in thousands)
Commissions	$	153,202		85.9	%	$	129,971		91.4	%	$	23,231			17.9	%
Information and post-trade services		18,020		10.1			5,557		3.9			12,463			224.3
Technology products and services		4,279		2.4			3,553		2.5			726			20.4
Investment income		288		0.2			821		0.6			(533	)		(64.9	)
Other		2,502		1.4			2,360		1.7			142			6.0

Total revenues	$	178,291		100.0	%	$	142,262		100.0	%	$	36,029			25.3	%

Commissions. Our commission revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the resulting dollar and percentage changes, were as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
					$			%
	2013		2012		Change			Change
	($ in thousands)
Variable transaction fees
U.S. high-grade	$	64,229	$	54,344	$	9,885			18.2	%
Other credit		41,215		28,203		13,012			46.1
Liquid products		2,493		2,555		(62	)		(2.4	)

Total variable transaction fees		107,937		85,102		22,835			26.8

Distribution fees
U.S. high-grade		38,216		37,366		850			2.3
Other credit		6,934		7,503		(569	)		(7.6	)
Liquid products		115		—		115			—

Total distribution fees		45,265		44,869		396			0.9

Total commissions	$	153,202	$	129,971	$	23,231			17.9	%

Variable Transaction Fees

The following table shows the extent to which the increase in commissions for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was attributable to changes in transaction volumes and variable transaction fees per million:


	Change from Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
	U.S. High-Grade			Other Credit		Liquid Products			Total
	(In thousands)
Volume increase (decrease)	$	11,583		$	9,062	$	(373	)	$	20,272
Variable transaction fee per million (decrease) increase		(1,698	)		3,950		311			2,563

Total commissions increase (decrease)	$	9,885		$	13,012	$	(62	)	$	22,835

Our trading volumes for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
					$			%
	2013		2012		Change			Change
Trading Volume Data (in millions)
U.S. high-grade—fixed rate	$	317,869	$	265,876	$	51,993			19.6	%
U.S. high-grade—floating rate		15,721		9,104		6,617			72.7

Total U.S. high-grade		333,590		274,980		58,610			21.3
Other credit		134,181		101,550		32,631			32.1
Liquid products		54,639		63,988		(9,349	)		(14.6	)

Total	$	522,410	$	440,518	$	81,892			18.6	%

Number of U.S. Trading Days		188		188
Number of U.K. Trading Days		189		188

For volume reporting purposes, transactions in foreign currencies are converted to U.S. dollars at average monthly rates. The 21.3% increase in U.S. high-grade volume was principally due to an increase in our estimated market share of total U.S. high-grade corporate bond volume as reported by FINRA TRACE from 12.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 to 13.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 coupled with an increase in estimated FINRA TRACE U.S. high-grade volume of 6.6% to $2.4 trillion for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 from $2.3 trillion for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Other credit volumes increased by 32.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012 primarily due to higher emerging markets and high-yield bond volumes. Liquid products volume decreased by 14.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012, due to lower European government and U.S. agency volumes. Estimated FINRA TRACE U.S. agency volume decreased by 33.8% for the nine months ended September, 2013 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Our average variable transaction fee per million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012
U.S. high-grade—fixed rate	$	201	$	203
U.S. high-grade—floating rate		25		30
Total U.S. high-grade		193		198
Other credit		307		278
Liquid products		46		40
Total		207		193

The U.S. high-grade average variable transaction fee per million decreased from $198 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 to $193 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Other credit average variable transaction fees per million increased from $278 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 to $307 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, primarily due to a larger percentage of volume in products that carry higher fees per million, principally emerging markets and high yield bonds. Liquid products average variable transaction fees per million increased from $40 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 to $46 for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, primarily due to a change in the mix of products traded.

Distribution Fees

U.S. high-grade distribution fees increased $0.9 million principally due to two broker-dealer market makers that moved to a distribution fee plan from an all-variable fee plan. The $0.6 million decline in other credit distribution fees reflects a 2012 reduction to our European fee plan. Monthly distribution fees paid by most of our European broker-dealer market makers were reduced effective March 1, 2012, but the dealer variable fee schedule remained unchanged.

Information and Post-Trade Services. Information and post-trade services increased by $12.5 million or 224.3% to $18.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. Information and post-trade services revenue generated by Xtrakter for the period ended September 30, 2013 was $12.8 million.

Technology Products and Services. Technology products and services revenues increased by $0.7 million or 20.4% to $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was due to higher professional consulting services revenues.

Investment Income. Investment income decreased by $0.5 million or 64.9% to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The decrease was due to the reduction in cash and securities available-for-sale related to the acquisition of Xtrakter.

Other. Other income increased by $0.1 million or 6.0% to $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $2.4 million for the nine months ended September, 30 2012.

Expenses

Our expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and the resulting dollar and percentage changes were as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013					2012
			% of					% of			$			%
	$		Revenues			$		Revenues			Change			Change
	($ in thousands)
Employee compensation and benefits	$	47,638		26.7	%	$	41,550		29.2	%	$	6,088			14.7	%
Depreciation and amortization		10,151		5.7			4,786		3.4			5,365			112.1
Technology and communications		11,700		6.6			9,041		6.4			2,659			29.4
Professional and consulting fees		13,278		7.4			8,397		5.9			4,881			58.1
Occupancy		3,172		1.8			1,813		1.3			1,359			75.0
Marketing and advertising		3,501		2.0			3,996		2.8			(495	)		(12.4	)
General and administrative		6,370		3.6			5,500		3.9			870			15.8

Total expenses	$	95,810		53.7	%	$	75,083		52.8	%	$	20,727			27.6	%

Employee Compensation and Benefits. Employee compensation and benefits increased by $6.1 million or 14.7% to $47.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $41.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was primarily due to higher wages and benefits of $7.1 million and an increase in employee incentive compensation costs of $1.7 million, offset by the favorable out-of-period adjustment of $2.9 million. Xtrakter employee compensation and benefits were $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased by $5.4 million or 112.1% to $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was principally due to higher amortization of software development costs of $1.2 million resulting from increased product development, amortization of the Xtrakter intangible assets of $1.5 million, higher production equipment depreciation of $0.8 million due to the 2012 disaster recovery data center build-out and the out-of-period adjustment of $1.3 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, $9.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively, of equipment purchases and leasehold improvements and $5.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, of software development costs were capitalized. The higher equipment purchases and leasehold improvements were primarily due to the build-out of a replacement primary production data center in 2013 and the build-out costs for new office space in London in 2013.

Technology and Communications. Technology and communications expenses increased by $2.7 million or 29.4% to $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 from $9.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was mainly due to technology and communications costs from Xtrakter of $1.6 million and an increase in IT licenses and maintenance of $0.5 million.

Professional and Consulting Fees. Professional and consulting fees increased by $4.9 million or 58.1% to $13.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase was primarily due to approximately $1.2 million in investment banking, legal and other professional fees related to the Xtrakter acquisition, Xtrakter professional and consulting fees of $1.5 million, higher recruiting costs of $0.7 million and higher information technology consulting expenses of $0.9 million.

Occupancy. Occupancy costs increased by $1.4 million or 75.0% to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 principally related to office space occupied by Xtrakter in London.

Marketing and Advertising. Marketing and advertising expenses decreased by $0.5 million or 12.4% to $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The decrease was principally due to lower advertising expenses related to new product initiatives and lower sales travel and entertainment expenses.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses increased by $0.9 million or 15.8% to $6.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, from $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to approximately $0.4 million of transaction costs related to the Xtrakter acquisition and $0.2 million of higher trade clearing fees.

Provision for Income Tax. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the income tax provision from continuing operations was $29.4 million and $26.3 million, respectively. The increase in the tax provision was primarily due to an increase in income before taxes. Our consolidated effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was 35.6%, compared to 39.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The reduction in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 was principally due to tax benefits associated with the domestic production activities deduction recognized in 2013 and certain 2012 tax credits enacted into law in 2013. Our consolidated effective tax rate can vary from period to period depending on, among other factors, the geographic and business mix of our earnings and changes in tax legislation and tax rates.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

During the past three years, we have met our cash needs through cash on hand and internally generated funds. Cash and cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale totaled $177.4 million at September 30, 2013.

On January 14, 2013, we entered into a three-year credit agreement that provides for revolving loans and letters of credit up to an aggregate of $50.0 million. Subject to satisfaction of certain specified conditions, we are permitted to upsize the credit facility by an additional $50.0 million in total. As of September 30, 2013, there was $49.9 million available to borrow under the credit facility.

Our cash flows were as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013			2012
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	67,329		$	53,270
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(60,574	)		13,799
Net cash (used in) financing activities		(15,383	)		(85,580	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(615	)		(1,008	)

Net (decrease) for the period	$	(9,243	)	$	(19,519	)

Net cash provided by operating activities was $67.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to $53.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The $14.1 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to an increase in net income of $13.3 million, an increase in depreciation and amortization of $3.4 million, offset by a decrease in deferred taxes of $1.3 million and the non-cash out-of-period adjustment of $1.0 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $60.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. On February 28, 2013, we acquired Xtrakter for $37.8 million in cash, net of cash acquired. Net purchases of securities available-for-sale were $8.0 million and net proceeds of securities available-for-sale were $22.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Capital expenditures were $14.8 million and $8.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The higher capital expenditures during the nine months ended September 30, 2013 were primarily due to higher capitalized software expenditures associated with new product initiatives, the build-out of a replacement primary production data center in 2013 and the build-out costs for new office space in London in 2013.

Net cash used in financing activities was $15.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 compared to $85.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The $70.2 million decrease in net cash used in financing activities was principally due to the 2012 repurchase of our common stock of $72.6 million, lower excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $10.6 million and lower proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $4.2 million, offset by lower withholding tax payments on restricted stock vesting and stock option exercises of $15.0 million and an increase in cash dividends paid on common stock of $2.6 million.

Free cash flow is defined as cash flow from operating activities less expenditures for furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements and capitalized software development costs. For the 12 months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, free cash flow was $79.3 million and $61.3 million, respectively. Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe that this non-GAAP financial measure, when taken into consideration with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, is important in gaining an understanding of the our financial strength and cash flow generation.

Past trends of cash flows are not necessarily indicative of future cash flow levels. A decrease in cash flows may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, business and financial condition.

Other Factors Influencing Liquidity and Capital Resources

We are dependent on our broker-dealer clients, who are not restricted from buying and selling fixed-income securities with institutional investors, either directly or through their own proprietary or third-party platforms. None of our broker-dealer clients is contractually or otherwise obligated to continue to use our electronic trading platform. The loss of, or a significant reduction in the use of our electronic platform by, our broker-dealer clients could reduce our cash flows, affect our liquidity and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We believe that our current resources are adequate to meet our liquidity needs and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend on a number of factors, including expenses associated with product development and expansion and new business opportunities that are intended to further diversify our revenue stream. We may also acquire or invest in technologies, business ventures or products that are complementary to our business. In the event we require any additional financing, it will take the form of equity or debt financing. Any additional equity offerings may result in dilution to our stockholders. Any debt financings, if available at all, may involve restrictive covenants with respect to dividends, issuances of additional capital and other financial and operational matters related to our business.

We have four regulated subsidiaries, MarketAxess Corporation, MarketAxess SEF Corporation, MarketAxess Europe Limited and MarketAxess Canada Ltd. MarketAxess Corporation is a registered broker-dealer in the U.S., MarketAxess Europe Limited is a registered multilateral trading facility in the U.K. and MarketAxess Canada Ltd. is a registered Alternative Trading System in the Province of Ontario. As such, they are subject to minimum regulatory capital requirements imposed by their respective market regulators that are intended to ensure general financial soundness and liquidity based on certain minimum capital requirements. The relevant regulations prohibit a registrant from repaying borrowings from its parent or affiliates, paying cash dividends, making loans to its parent or affiliates or otherwise entering into transactions that result in a significant reduction in its regulatory net capital position without prior notification to or approval from its principal regulator. The capital structures of our subsidiaries are designed to provide each with capital and liquidity consistent with its business and regulatory requirements. During the third quarter of 2013, MarketAxess SEF Corporation, a U.S. subsidiary, received temporary approval to operate a swap execution facility (the “SEF”) with the CFTC. The SEF, which commenced operations in October 2013, is subject to various CFTC regulations, including maintenance of a minimum level of financial resources, estimated at inception to be approximately $4.0 million.

The following table sets forth the capital requirements, as defined, that our subsidiaries were required to maintain as of September 30, 2013:


	MarketAxess		MarketAxess		MarketAxess
	Corporation		Europe Limited		Canada Limited
	(In thousands)
Net capital	$	62,853	$	17,393	$	827
Minimum net capital required		1,814		3,155		267

Excess net capital	$	61,039	$	14,238	$	560

We execute certain bond transactions between and among institutional investor and broker-dealer clients on a riskless principal basis by serving as counterparty to both the buyer and the seller, which are then settled through a third-party clearing organization. We act as intermediary on a riskless principal basis in these bond transactions by serving as counterparty to the two clients involved. Settlement typically occurs within one to three trading days after the trade date. Cash settlement of the transaction occurs upon receipt or delivery of the underlying instrument that was traded. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, our revenues from riskless principal trading were approximately $4.5 million. Under securities clearing agreements with the independent third party, we maintain collateral deposits with the clearing broker in the form of cash. As of September 30, 2013, the amount of the collateral deposits included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were $0.9 million. We are exposed to credit risk in the event a counterparty does not fulfill its obligation to complete a transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the securities clearing agreements between us and the independent clearing broker, the clearing broker has the right to charge us for losses resulting from a counterparty’s failure to fulfill its contractual obligations. The losses are not capped at a maximum amount and apply to all trades executed through the clearing broker. At September 30, 2013, we have not recorded any liabilities with regard to this right.

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contracts that contain a variety of representations, warranties and general indemnifications. Our maximum exposure from any claims under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve claims that have not yet occurred. However, based on past experience, we expect the risk of loss to be remote.

In October 2011, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $35.0 million of our common stock. As of September 30, 2013, we repurchased 955,342 shares of common stock at a cost of $29.2 million. No shares were repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2013. Shares repurchased under the program will be held in treasury for future use.

In October 2009, our Board of Directors approved our first regular quarterly dividend. In October 2013, our Board of Directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.13 per share, which will be paid on November 21, 2013 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 7, 2013. We expect the total amount payable to be approximately $4.9 million. We expect to continue paying regular cash dividends, although there is no assurance as to such dividends. Any future declaration and payment of dividends will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.

Effects of Inflation

Because the majority of our assets are short-term in nature, they are not significantly affected by inflation. However, the rate of inflation may affect our expenses, such as employee compensation, office leasing costs and communications expenses, which may not be readily recoverable in the prices of our services. To the extent inflation results in rising interest rates and has other adverse effects on the securities markets, it may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

On August 29, 2013, we executed a lease for approximately 16,000 square feet of office space in London, England. The lease expires in January 2027. Aggregate lease payments through the final lease termination date is approximately $14.1 million.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss resulting from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Market Risk

The global financial services business is, by its nature, risky and volatile and is directly affected by many national and international factors that are beyond our control. Any one of these factors may cause a substantial decline in the U.S. and global financial services markets, resulting in reduced trading volume and revenues. These events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As of September 30, 2013, we had a $58.4 million investment in securities available-for-sale. Adverse movements, such as a 10% decrease in the value of these securities or a downturn or disruption in the markets for these securities, could result in a substantial loss. In addition, principal gains and losses resulting from these securities could on occasion have a disproportionate effect, positive or negative, on our financial condition and results of operations for any particular reporting period.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk represents our exposure to interest rate changes with respect to the money market instruments and fixed-income securities in which we invest. As of September 30, 2013, our cash and cash equivalents and securities available-for-sale amounted to $177.4 million and were primarily in money market instruments, corporate bonds and municipal securities. We do not maintain an inventory of bonds that are traded on our platform.

Derivative Risk

Our limited derivative risk stems from our activities in the foreign currency forward contract market. We use this market to mitigate our U.S. dollar versus Pound Sterling exposure that arises from the activities of our U.K. subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2013, the notional fair value of our foreign currency forward contract was $28.5 million. We do not speculate in any derivative instruments.

Credit Risk

We act as a riskless principal through two of our regulated subsidiaries in certain transactions that we execute between clients. We act as an intermediary in these transactions by serving as counterparty to both the buyer and the seller, which are then settled through a third-party clearing organization. Settlement typically occurs within one to three trading days after the trade date. Cash settlement of the transaction occurs upon receipt or delivery of the underlying instrument that was traded.

We are exposed to credit risk in our role as trading counterparty to our clients. We are exposed to the risk that third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure or other reasons. Adverse movements in the prices of securities that are the subject of these transactions can increase our risk. Where the unmatched position or failure to deliver is prolonged, there may also be regulatory capital charges required to be taken by us. There can be no assurance that these policies and procedures will effectively mitigate our credit risk exposure.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of September 30, 2013. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by MarketAxess in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to ensure that information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2013 identified in connection with the evaluation thereof by our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

On January 2, 2013, a former employee filed a complaint against us with the U.S. Department of Labor alleging retaliatory employment practices in violation of the whistleblower provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The relief sought includes, among other things, reinstatement, back pay and compensatory and punitive damages. We believe the complaint is without merit and intend to vigorously defend against the allegations. We filed a response to the complaint on February 26, 2013. Given the preliminary stage and the inherent uncertainty of the potential outcome of such proceedings, we cannot estimate the reasonably possible range of loss at this time. Based on the available information, we believe that the low end of the reasonably possible range of loss is zero and, accordingly, no loss accrual has been provided in our accompanying financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks that could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition include: the volatility of financial services markets generally; the level of trading volume transacted on the MarketAxess platform; the absolute level and direction of interest rates and the corresponding volatility in the corporate fixed-income market; the level and intensity of competition in the fixed-income electronic trading industry and the pricing pressures that may result; the variability of our growth rate; the rapidly evolving nature of the electronic financial services industry; our ability to introduce new fee plans and our clients’ response; our exposure to risks resulting from non-performance by counterparties to transactions executed between our clients in which we act as an intermediary in matching riskless principal trades; our dependence on our broker-dealer clients; the loss of any of our significant institutional investor clients; our ability to develop new products and offerings and the market’s acceptance of those products; the effect of rapid market or technological changes on us and the users of our technology; our ability to successfully maintain the integrity of our trading platform and our response to system failures, capacity constraints and business interruptions; our vulnerability to cyber security risks; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights or technology and defend against intellectual property infringement or other claims; our ability to enter into strategic alliances and to acquire other businesses and successfully integrate them with our business; our ability to comply with new laws, rules and regulations both domestically and internationally; our ability to maintain effective compliance and risk management methods; the strain of growth initiatives on management and other resources; our future capital needs and our ability to obtain capital when needed; limitations on our operating flexibility contained in our credit agreement; and other factors. The Company’s actual results and financial condition may differ, perhaps materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition in any such forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. A more detailed description of each of these and other important risk factors can be found under the caption “Risk Factors” in our most recent Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in such Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, we repurchased the following shares of common stock:


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans		Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans
							(In thousands)
July 1, 2013 — July 31, 2013		—	$	—		—	$	5,847
August 1, 2013 — August 31, 2013		—		—		—	$	5,847
September 1, 2013 — September 30, 2013		—		—		—	$	5,847

		—	$	—		—

In October 2011, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $35.0 million of our common stock. As of September 30, 2013, we repurchased 955,342 shares of common stock at a cost of $29.2 million. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2013. Shares repurchased under the program will be held in treasury for future use.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Listing:


Number		Description

31.1		Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2		Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document**

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document**

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document**

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document**

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document**

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document**

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012; (iv) Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine months Ended September 30, 2013; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	MARKETAXESS HOLDINGS INC.

Date: October 25, 2013	By:	/s/ RICHARD M. MCVEY
		Richard M. McVey
		Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)

Date: October 25, 2013	By:	/s/ ANTONIO L. DELISE
		Antonio L. DeLise
		Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)