Pump Shipments

Since inception, we have derived nearly all of our sales from the shipment of insulin pumps and associated supplies in the United States. We consider the number of units shipped per quarter to be an important metric for managing our business. We have shipped nearly 78,000 insulin pumps since our initial launch in August 2012, of which over 66,000 pumps were shipped within the four year period ended June 30, 2018. Pump shipments are broken down by fiscal quarter as follows:

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Technology Upgrade Program

Beginning in the third quarter of 2016 through the third quarter of 2017, we offered a Technology Upgrade Program under a variable pricing structure, as a pathway for certain existing customers to obtain the t:slim X2 insulin pump. Due to the high degree of accounting complexity, the program created unpredictable financial results under U.S. GAAP for the duration of the program. The accounting treatment for the program required us to defer up to 100% of sales at the time of pump shipment and recognize them in a subsequent period, either when the upgrade was fulfilled or at the expiration of the program. We recognized the deferred amount of sales and cost of sales at the earlier of when the obligations under the program were satisfied or upon the expiration of the program. If a customer elected to participate in the program, we recognized any upgrade fees that we received and the associated costs at the time of fulfilling the given obligation. The program expired on September 30, 2017 and, therefore, has no impact on our 2018 financial results.

Historical Financial Results

For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our sales were $61.4 million and $40.3 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, this included incremental net sales of $1.5 million as a result of the Technology Upgrade Program. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, our net loss was $92.1 million and $45.6 million, respectively. Our accumulated deficit as of June 30, 2018 was $569.5 million.

Trends Impacting Financial Results

Overall, we have experienced considerable sales growth since the commercial launch of our first product in the third quarter of 2012, while incurring operating losses since our inception. Our operating results have historically fluctuated on a quarterly or annual basis, particularly in periods surrounding anticipated regulatory approvals, and the commercial launch of products by us and our competitors.

We believe that our financial condition and operating results, as well as the decision-making process of our customers, has been and will continue to be impacted by a number of general trends, including the following:

In particular, we believe the following specific factors could materially impact our business going forward:

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For 2018, in addition to working to achieve our sales growth expectations, we intend to continue to leverage our infrastructure investments to realize additional manufacturing cost efficiencies to improve our operating margins, including costs associated with our international launch plans. We believe we can ultimately achieve profitability by driving incremental sales growth, meeting our pump renewal sales objectives, increasing gross profits from additional sales of infusion sets, maximizing manufacturing efficiencies on increased production volumes and leveraging the investments made in our sales, clinical, marketing and customer support organizations.

Recent Developments

FDA Approval of t:slim X2 with Basal-IQ

In June 2018, the FDA approved our t:slim X2 Insulin Pump with Basal-IQ technology, a predictive low glucose suspend (PLGS) feature designed to help reduce the frequency and duration of low glucose events. We plan to launch our new product with Dexcom G6® continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) integration in the third quarter of 2018, which requires no fingersticks for calibration or diabetes treatment decisions and was the first CGM device to receive the iCGM designation from the FDA earlier this year.

International Expansion

In preparation for a commercial launch outside the United States in the second half of 2018, we have filed for the necessary regulatory approvals of our t:slim X2 insulin pump with Dexcom G5 integration in select geographies. In April 2018, we received CE mark approval. We intend to market our products internationally primarily through third-party distributors. To date, we have entered into distribution agreements with independent distributors for markets in Australia, New Zealand, Italy, Scandinavia, South Africa, Spain and the United Kingdom.

Leverage from Technology Platform

We believe we can ultimately achieve profitability because our proprietary technology platform will allow us to maximize efficiencies in the development, production, sale and marketing of multiple differentiated products. By offering products that are all based on our proprietary technology platform, in combination with the flexibility provided by the Tandem Device Updater, we believe we can develop and bring to market products and functionality more rapidly, while significantly reducing our per-unit design and development costs. Due to shared product design features, our production system is adaptable to new products and we intend to leverage our shared manufacturing infrastructure to drive operational efficiencies. Further, we expect to continue to increase production volume and to reduce the per-unit production overhead cost for our pump products and their associated disposable cartridges over time. We anticipate that the transition to our recently launched t:lock Connector will continue to increase our sales of infusion sets. By expanding our product offerings to address the varying needs among people in different segments of the large and growing insulin-dependent diabetes market, we believe we can increase the productivity of our sales, clinical, marketing, and customer support organizations, thereby improving our operating margin over the long term.

Components of Results of Operations

Sales

We offer products for people with insulin-dependent diabetes. We commenced commercial sales of our original t:slim hardware platform in the United States in the third quarter of 2012 and continued to launch various iterations of that platform in the years following. In October 2016, we began shipping t:slim X2, our next generation flagship product. The t:slim X2 hardware platform, which includes remote software update capabilities, now represents nearly 100% of our new pump shipments. Accordingly, we have discontinued new sales of all prior platform versions. Our products also include disposable cartridges and infusion sets. In addition, we offer accessories including protective cases, belt clips, and power adapters, although such sales are not significant.

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We primarily sell our products through national and regional distributors in the United States on a non-exclusive basis. These distributors are generally providers of medical equipment and supplies to individuals with diabetes. Our primary end customers are people with insulin-dependent diabetes. Similar to other durable medical equipment, the primary payor is generally a third-party insurance carrier and the customer is usually responsible for any medical insurance plan copay or coinsurance requirements. We believe our existing sales, clinical, and marketing infrastructure will allow us to continue to increase sales by allowing us to promote our products to a greater number of potential customers, caregivers and healthcare providers.

In the second half of 2018, we intend to commence commercial sales of t:slim X2 with G5 integration in select international geographies. We expect that most of our commercial sales outside the United States will be to independent distributors in select geographies who will perform all sales, customer support and training in their respective territories. Historically, we have experienced consistent levels of reimbursement for our products in the United States, but the average sales price will vary in international markets based on a number of factors, such as the nature of the reimbursement environment, government regulations and the extent to which we rely on distributor relationships to provide sales, clinical and marketing support.

In general, we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, product shipments being weighted heavily towards the second half of the year, with the highest percentage of product shipments expected in the fourth quarter of the year. Consistent with prior results, we also expect product shipments from the fourth quarter to the following first quarter to decrease significantly.

In addition, our quarterly sales have fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, substantially in the periods surrounding anticipated and actual regulatory approvals and commercial launches of new products by us or our competitors. For instance, customers may defer a purchasing decision if they believe that a new product may be launched in the future. Additionally, upon the announcement of FDA approval or commercial launch of a new product, either by us or one of our competitors, potential new customers may reconsider their purchasing decision or take additional time to consider the anticipated or new approval or product launch in their purchasing decision. However, we are not able to quantify the extent of the impact of these or similar events, including the launch of t:slim X2 with Basal-IQ technology, on future purchasing decisions.

Cost of Sales

We manufacture our pumps and disposable cartridges at our manufacturing facilities in San Diego, California. Infusion sets and pump accessories are manufactured by third-party suppliers. Cost of sales includes raw materials, labor costs, manufacturing overhead expenses, product training costs, reserves for expected warranty costs, freight, scrap and inventory excess and obsolescence. Manufacturing overhead expenses include expenses relating to quality assurance, manufacturing engineering, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment, information technology and operations supervision and management. We anticipate that our cost of sales will continue to increase as our products gain broader market acceptance and our product sales increase.

We expect our overall gross margin percentage, which for any given period is calculated as sales less cost of sales divided by sales, to improve over the long term, as our sales increase and we have more opportunities to spread our overhead costs over larger production volumes. We expect we will be able to leverage our manufacturing cost structure across our products that utilize the same proprietary technology platform and manufacturing infrastructure, and will be able to further reduce costs with increased automation, process improvements and raw materials cost reductions. We also expect our warranty costs to decrease as we release product features and functionality utilizing the Tandem Device Updater. However, our overall gross margin may also fluctuate in future quarterly periods as a result of numerous factors besides those associated with production volumes, such as the impact of changes in our stock price on non-cash stock-based compensation, changes in our warranty estimates or inventory obsolescence.

In general, we expect the gross margin on insulin pumps to be higher than the gross margin on pump-related supplies, which would be consistent with our historical experience. Other factors impacting our overall gross margin may include the changing mix of products sold with different gross margins, the changing percentage of products sold to distributors versus directly to individual customers, varying levels of reimbursement among third-party payors and in international markets, the timing and success of new regulatory approvals and product launches, warranty and training costs, and changes in our manufacturing processes, capacity, costs or output.

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Selling, General and Administrative

Our selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses primarily consist of salary, cash-based incentive compensation, fringe benefits and non-cash stock-based compensation for our executive, financial, marketing, sales, clinical, customer support, technical services, insurance verification, regulatory affairs and administrative functions. In particular, our sales and clinical organization consisted of approximately 70 territories as of June 30, 2018. Territories are maintained by sales representatives and field clinical specialists, and supported by managed care liaisons, additional sales management and other customer support personnel. Other significant SG&A expenses include those incurred for product demonstration samples, commercialization activities associated with new product launches, travel, trade shows, outside legal fees, independent auditor fees, outside consultant fees, insurance premiums, facilities costs and information technology costs. Although we do not contemplate an increase in the number of domestic sales territories in the near term, we expect our SG&A expenses, including the cost of our customer support infrastructure, to increase as our customer base grows in the United States and international geographies. Additionally, we expect non-cash stock-based compensation expense to increase significantly in future quarters as a result of the valuation of certain employee option grants, which has been impacted by the significant appreciation in our stock price. Our SG&A expenses may also increase due to costs associated with additional compliance and regulatory reporting requirements.

Research and Development

Our research and development, or R&D, activities primarily consist of engineering and research programs associated with our products under development, as well as activities associated with our core technologies and processes. R&D expenses are primarily related to employee compensation, including salary, fringe benefits, non-cash stock-based compensation and temporary employee expenses. We also incur R&D expenses for supplies, development prototypes, outside design and testing services, depreciation, allocated facilities and information services, clinical trial costs, payments under our licensing, development and commercialization agreements and other indirect costs. We expect our R&D expenses to increase as we advance our products under development and develop new products and technologies, as well as due to the impact of changes in our stock price on non-cash stock-based compensation.

Other Income and Expense

Our other income and expense primarily consists of changes in the fair value of the Series A and Series B warrants issued in our public offering of common stock in October 2017, as well as interest expense and amortization of debt discount and issuance costs associated with the Term Loan Agreement. As of June 30, 2018 and 2017, there was $82.7 million and $81.9 million, respectively, of outstanding principal under the Term Loan Agreement, which accrues interest at a coupon rate of 11.5% per annum (see the section below entitled “Indebtedness”). We expect other income and expense to fluctuate from period to period due to revaluations of the outstanding Series A warrants, which expire in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Results of Operations

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

Sales. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, sales were $34.1 million. Sales were $21.3 million for the same period in 2017.

Sales of insulin pumps were $21.2 million and $13.3 million, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, sales of pump-related supplies were $12.9 million, of which $8.8 million were sales of infusion sets and $4.0 million were sales of cartridges. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, sales of pump-related supplies were $8.0 million, of which $4.6 million were sales of infusion sets and $3.3 million were sales of cartridges. Sales of accessories were not significant in either of the reported periods.

The increase in sales was primarily due to a 59% increase in pump shipments to 5,447 compared to 3,427 in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, driven by both the August 2017 launch of t:slim X2 with G5 and the changing competitive environment. Additionally, sales from pump-related supplies increased 62% due to the September 2017 launch of infusion set products using the t:lock Connector. The ratio of the number of infusion sets shipped to the number of cartridges shipped increased to just over 100% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 61% in the comparable quarter of the prior year.

Sales to distributors accounted for 77% and 72% of our total sales for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our percentage of sales to distributors versus individual customers is principally determined by the mix of customers ordering our products within the period and whether or not we have a contractual arrangement with their underlying third-party insurance payor. The percentage was particularly impacted in the three months ended June 30, 2018 by the mid-2017 launch of the t:lock Connector, which resulted in greater purchases of infusion sets by our independent distributors during the period as compared to the same period during the prior year.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit. Our cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $19.0 million resulting in gross profit of $15.1 million, compared to $13.3 million cost of sales for the same period in 2017 resulting in gross profit of $8.0 million. The gross margin for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was 44% compared to 38% in the same period in 2017.

The increase in our gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily the result of the 59% increase in pump shipments. Gross profit and gross margin also increased as a result of per unit manufacturing cost improvements from higher sales volumes and overall manufacturing efficiencies, even taking into account the incremental costs associated with the transition to our new manufacturing facility which doubled our capacity, as well as the near doubling of sales from infusion sets. As a whole, other non-manufacturing costs, which primarily consist of warranty, freight and training costs, also reflected improvement.

We expect the most significant factors impacting our gross margin will continue to be the percentage of our pump sales relative to total sales, as our pumps have higher gross margins than our pump-related supplies. We also expect the gross margin on our pump sales to improve as the volume of our pump sales increases. However, we are also continuing to experience an increasingly positive gross margin associated with our pump-related supplies as a whole, after first achieving a positive gross margin in the fourth quarter of 2016. We expect to continue to see improvements in the gross profit and gross margin associated with our pump-related supplies as we manufacture higher volumes of cartridges to support our growing installed base and continue to increase sales of infusion sets.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses increased 2% to $22.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 from $22.1 million for the same period in 2017. Employee-related expenses for our SG&A functions comprise the majority of SG&A expenses. The increase compared to 2017 was primarily the result of a $2.1 million increase in salaries, incentive compensation and other employee benefits, offset by a decrease of $1.9 million in non-cash stock-based compensation. Total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 of $2.1 million is expected to increase notably in future quarters, reflecting the recent valuation of certain employee option grants that were impacted by the significant appreciation in our stock price in recent months.

Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses increased 33% to $6.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 from $4.9 million for the same period in 2017. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily the result of clinical trial costs associated with products in development. Additionally, there was a $0.7 million increase in salaries, incentive compensation and benefits, partially offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in non-cash stock-based compensation. Total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 of $0.4 million is expected to increase notably in future quarters, reflecting the recent valuation of certain employee option grants that were impacted by the significant appreciation in our stock price in recent months.

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Other Income and Expense. Other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $45.5 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily comprised of a $42.5 million revaluation loss from the change in the fair value of the Series A and Series B warrants due to the significant appreciation in our stock price in recent months, as well as $3.2 million of interest expense associated with the Term Loan Agreement. Other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily comprised of interest expense associated with the Term Loan Agreement. The outstanding principal balances under the Term Loan Agreement were $82.7 million and $81.9 million as of June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Other income for both periods presented was not significant.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

Sales. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, sales were $61.4 million. Sales were $40.3 million for the same period in 2017, which included incremental net sales of $1.5 million as a result of the Technology Upgrade Program.

Sales of insulin pumps were $38.3 million and $25.8 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, sales of pump-related supplies were $23.1 million, of which $15.6 million were sales of infusion sets and $7.2 million were sales of cartridges. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, sales of pump-related supplies were $14.3 million, of which $8.0 million were sales of infusion sets and $6.2 million were sales of cartridges. The ratio of the number of infusion sets shipped to the number of cartridges shipped increased to just over 100% in the six months ended June 30, 2018 from 56% in the same period in 2017. Sales of accessories were not significant in either of the reported periods.

The increase in sales was primarily due to a 58% increase in pump shipments to 9,891 compared to 6,243 in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, driven by both the August 2017 launch of t:slim X2 with G5 and the changing competitive environment.

Sales to distributors accounted for 78% and 72% of our total sales for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, driven by the mid 2017 launch of the t:lock Connector.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit. Our cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $34.9 million resulting in gross profit of $26.5 million, compared to $25.5 million of cost of sales for the same period in 2017 resulting in gross profit of $14.8 million. The gross margin for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was 43% compared to 37% in the same period in 2017.

Gross margin increased for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 primarily as a result of an increase in pump shipments which have higher gross margins than pump-related supplies, as well as per unit cost improvements on all products, increased production volumes, and a decrease in other non-manufacturing costs. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we also recorded an incremental net benefit of $0.7 million in gross profit associated with the Technology Upgrade Program.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. SG&A expenses decreased 3% to $43.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 from $45.0 million for the same period in 2017. Employee-related expenses for our SG&A functions comprise the majority of the SG&A expenses. The decrease in SG&A expenses was primarily due to a decrease of $3.5 million in non-cash stock-based compensation, partially offset by an increase of $2.5 million in salaries, incentive compensation and other employee benefits. The decrease in stock-based compensation expense partially resulted from a $1.1 million charge associated with the suspension of our ESPP in 2017, with no corresponding charge in 2018. Total stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 of $3.0 million is expected to increase notably in future periods, reflecting the recent valuation of certain employee option grants that were impacted by the significant appreciation in our stock price in recent months. Other SG&A expenses, including costs for outside services, marketing and promotional activities, tradeshows and travel, increased $0.4 million between periods.

Research and Development Expenses. R&D expenses increased 24% to $12.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 from $10.0 million for the same period in 2017. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily the result of clinical trial costs associated with the recent approval of t:slim X2 with Basal-IQ technology as well as products in development. Additionally, there was a $1.0 million increase in salaries, incentive compensation and other employee benefits, partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in non-cash stock-based compensation. Total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 of $0.5 million is expected to increase notably in future quarters, reflecting the recent valuation of certain employee option grants that were impacted by the significant appreciation in our stock price in recent months.

Other Income and Expense. Other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $62.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively. Other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily comprised of a $56.8 million revaluation loss from the change in fair value of the Series A and Series B warrants due to the significant appreciation in our stock price in recent months, as well as $6.2 million of interest expense associated with the Term Loan Agreement. Other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily comprised of interest expense associated with the Term Loan Agreement. The outstanding principal balances under the Term Loan Agreement were $82.7 million and $81.9 million as of June 30, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Other income for both periods presented was not significant.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2018, we had $96.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, which included $10.0 million of restricted cash as required by the Term Loan Agreement. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments balance is sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of this filing.

Historically, our principal sources of cash have included private placements and public offerings of equity securities, the Term Loan Agreement, and cash collected from product sales. Since the beginning of 2017, we completed the following financings:

Our historical cash outflows have primarily been associated with cash used for operating activities such as the development and commercialization of our products and expansion and support of our sales, marketing, clinical and customer support organizations, an increase in our R&D activities, the acquisition of intellectual property, expenditures related to increases in our manufacturing capacity and improvements to our manufacturing efficiency, overall facility expansion, and other working capital needs. Additionally, we have used cash for the interest expense associated with our Term Loan Agreement.

We expect our sales performance and the resulting operating income or loss, as well as the status of each of our new product development programs, will significantly impact our cash flow from operations, liquidity position and cash management decisions. Our ability to raise additional financing may be negatively impacted by a number of factors, including our recent and projected financial results, recent changes in and volatility of our stock price, perceptions about the dilutive impact of our recent financing transactions, our current level of indebtedness and debt service costs, the competitive environment in our industry, and uncertainties regarding the regulator environment.

The following table shows a summary of our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

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Operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $19.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $35.5 million for the same period in 2017. The decrease in net cash used in operating activities was primarily associated with a reduction in net loss when adjusted for non-cash expenses, particularly impacted by the change in the fair value of Series A and Series B warrants discussed above, and net changes in working capital. The net changes in working capital were primarily due to higher cash collections from higher revenues and lower cash used for inventory, offset by the amount and timing of annual bonus and incentive-based compensation payments.

Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $37.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was primarily related to purchases of short-term investments of $40.5 million. Net cash provided by investing activities was $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, which was primarily related to sales and maturities of $8.5 million of short-term investments, partially offset by the purchase of $4.1 million of property and equipment.

Financing activities. Net cash provided by financing activities was $93.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was primarily the result of net proceeds of approximately $64.0 million from the public offering of our common stock in February 2018, as well as proceeds of $29.2 million from the exercise of Series A and Series B warrants issued in the public offering of common stock in October 2017. Net cash provided by financing activities was $21.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, which was primarily the result of net proceeds of $21.1 million from the public offering of our common stock in March 2017.

Our liquidity position and capital requirements are subject to fluctuation based on a number of factors, including the following:

Our primary short-term capital needs, which are subject to change, include expenditures related to:

Although we believe the foregoing items reflect our most likely uses of cash in the short-term, we cannot predict with certainty all of our particular cash uses or the timing or amount of cash used. If cash generated from operations is insufficient to satisfy our working capital requirements, we may be required to sell additional equity or debt securities. There can be no assurance that equity or debt financing will be available on satisfactory terms, or at all. Further, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders, and debt financing may require debt service payments and include restrictive covenants. We may also seek to repay, restructure or refinance our existing indebtedness, including with the proceeds from sales of additional equity or debt securities, which could result in additional dilution, debt service costs and restrictive covenants.

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Indebtedness

Term Loan Agreement

We had $82.7 million of aggregate borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan Agreement as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Under the Term Loan Agreement, interest is payable, at our option, (i) in cash at a rate of 11.5% per annum or (ii) at a rate of 9.5% of the 11.5% per annum in cash and 2.0% of the 11.5% per annum to be added to the principal of the loan and subject to accruing interest. Interest-only payments are due quarterly on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year of the interest-only payment period, which ends on December 31, 2019. The principal balance is due in full on the maturity date of the Term Loan Agreement, which is March 31, 2020. We had elected to pay interest in cash at a rate of 11.5% per annum through September 30, 2015. From October 1, 2015 through December 31, 2017, we elected to pay interest in cash at a rate of 9.5% per annum and to have 2.0% per annum added to the principal of the loan. As a result, $2.7 million was added to the principal of the loan during that time period, which we refer to as the PIK Loans.

The loan is collateralized by all of our assets. The principal financial covenants require that we attain minimum annual revenues of $95.0 million in 2018 and each year thereafter until the end of the term of the loan.

In connection with the Third Amendment, we previously agreed to pay, on the earlier of (i) the maturity date of the Term Loan Agreement, which is March 31, 2020, (ii) the date that the loan under the Term Loan Agreement becomes due, and (iii) the date on which we make a voluntary pre-payment of the loan, a financing fee equal to 3.0% of the sum of (x) the aggregate amount drawn under the Third Amendment, and (y) any PIK Loans issued in relation to the Third Amendment, or the Back End Financing Fee.

Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment, we agreed to increase the Back End Financing Fee to 5.0% of the entire aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding, including total PIK Loans issued, under the Term Loan Agreement. The Back End Financing Fee is payable at maturity of our loans and on the principal amount of any loans for which we make an optional prepayment, and may be payable in connection with asset sales not permitted under the Term Loan Agreement or a change of control.

In February 2018, we entered into the Fifth Amendment, which included a limited advance waiver of a potential event of default in the event that the audit report and opinion of our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2017 included an explanatory paragraph that described conditions that raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. In connection with the Fifth Amendment, we agreed to increase the Back End Financing Fee from 5.0% to 6.0% of the entire aggregate principal amount of borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan Agreement. As of June 30, 2018, we had accrued $5.0 million for the Back End Financing Fee.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about our financial condition and results of operations that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies Involving Management Estimates and Assumptions,” included in the Annual Report other than adoption of the new revenue recognition standard (“Revenue from Contracts with Customers Standard”). Refer to the disclosures in the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2018, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

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We invest our excess cash primarily in commercial paper, government-sponsored enterprise securities and U.S. government treasury securities. Some of the financial instruments in which we invest have market risk associated with them, in that a change in prevailing interest rates may cause the principal amount of the instrument to fluctuate. Other financial instruments in which we invest potentially subject us to credit risk, in that the value of the instrument may fluctuate based on the issuer’s ability to pay.

The primary objectives of our investment activities are to maintain liquidity and preserve principal while maximizing the income we receive from our financial instruments without significantly increasing risk. We have established guidelines regarding approved investments and maturities of investments, which are primarily designed to maintain liquidity and preserve principal.

Because of the short-term maturities of our financial instruments, we do not believe that an increase or decrease in market interest rates would have any significant impact on the realized value of our investment portfolio. If a 10% change in interest rates were to have occurred on June 30, 2018, this change would not have had a material effect on the fair value of our investment portfolio as of that date.

The interest rate under the Term Loan Agreement is fixed and not subject to changes in market interest rates.

Our operations are located in the United States, and nearly all of our sales since inception have been made in U.S. dollars. While we plan to begin commercialization of t:slim X2 in select geographies outside the U.S., we expect the significant majority of our sales will continue to be made in U.S. dollars for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we do not currently have or expect to have any material exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations. From time to time, we may have foreign currency exchange risk associated with currency exposure related to existing assets and liabilities, committed transactions and forecasted future cash flows. In certain circumstances, we may seek to manage such foreign exchange risk by using derivative instruments such as foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge our risks. In general, we may hedge material foreign exchange exposures up to 12 months in advance. However, we may choose not to hedge some exposures for a variety of reasons including prohibitive economic costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic and current reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. In addition, the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Control systems can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

As of June 30, 2018 we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2018.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We completed the implementation of a new enterprise resource and accounting system during the second quarter of 2018. During each phase of the implementation, an appropriate level of employee training, testing of the system and monitoring of the financial results recorded in the system was conducted. This migration to a new system represents a material change in internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, our system of internal control over financial reporting has been updated.

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Other than the foregoing, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings, disputes and other claims arising in the ordinary course of our business, including actions with respect to intellectual property, employment, product liability and contractual matters. Although the results of legal proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we currently believe that the final outcome of these ordinary course matters will not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, cash flows or future prospects. However, regardless of the outcome, legal proceedings and claims can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs, diversion of management time and resources, and other factors.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

An investment in our common stock involves risks. You should consider carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information included in this Quarterly Report, as well as in our other filings with the SEC, in evaluating our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, operating results and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock may decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks that we currently do not know about or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also impair our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. Certain statements below are forward-looking statements.

The risk factors set forth below marked with an asterisk (*) next to the title contain changes to the description of the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the Annual Report.

Risks Related to our Business and our Industry

We have incurred significant operating losses since inception and cannot assure you that we will achieve profitability.*

Since our inception in January 2006, we have incurred a significant net loss. As of June 30, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $569.5 million. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private sales of our equity securities, the Term Loan Agreement, and cash collected from sales of our products. We have devoted substantially all of our resources to the development and commercialization of our products, the scaling of our manufacturing operations and commercial organization, the research and development of our current products and products under development, and the assembly of a management team to manage our business.

We began commercial sales of our first commercial product, the t:slim Insulin Delivery System, or t:slim, in the third quarter of 2012. In October 2016, we launched t:slim X2, our next-generation flagship pump, and in August 2017, we commenced commercial sales of t:slim X2 with G5 integration. The t:slim X2 hardware platform now represents nearly 100% of new pump shipments. In June 2018, we received FDA approval to sell our new t:slim X2 with Basal-IQ technology, which is integrated with Dexcom G6 CGM. We intend to commence sales and shipments of the t:slim X2 with Basal-IQ technology in the United States during the third quarter of 2018. In addition, during the second quarter of 2018, we received CE Mark approval for our t:slim X2 with G5 integration. We intend to commence sales and shipments of our t:slim X2 with G5 integration in select markets outside the United States during the second half of 2018.

Since the first quarter of 2013, we have been able to manufacture and sell our insulin pump products at a cost and in volumes sufficient to allow us to achieve a positive overall gross margin. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, our gross profit was $44.1 million and $23.6 million, respectively. Although we have achieved a positive overall gross margin, we still operate at a significant net loss and expect that we will continue to do so for at least the next two years.

To implement our business strategy and achieve profitability, we need to, among other things, increase sales of our products and the gross profit associated with those sales, maintain an appropriate customer service and support infrastructure, fund ongoing research and development activities, create additional efficiencies in our manufacturing processes, and obtain regulatory clearance or approval to commercialize our products currently under development both domestically and internationally. Our expenses may continue to increase as we pursue these objectives and make investments in our business. Additional increases in our expenses without commensurate increases in sales could significantly increase our operating losses.

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The extent of our future operating losses and the timing of our profitability are highly uncertain in light of a number of factors, including the timing of the launch of new products and product features by us and our competitors, market acceptance of our products and competitive products by people with insulin-dependent diabetes, their caregivers and healthcare providers, and the timing of regulatory approval of new products. Any additional operating losses will have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity, and we cannot assure you that we will ever be able to achieve or sustain profitability.

We currently rely on sales of insulin pump products to generate a significant portion of our revenue, and any factors that negatively impact sales of these products may adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.*

We generate nearly all of our revenue from the sale of t:slim X2 insulin pumps and the related insulin cartridges and infusion sets. Sales of these products may be negatively impacted by many factors, including:

In addition, sales of any of our current or future insulin pump products with CGM integration are subject to the continuation of our applicable agreements with Dexcom, which under some circumstances are subject to termination by Dexcom, with or without cause, on relatively short notice.

Furthermore, sales of our products may be adversely impacted by negative perceptions regarding our financial stability relative to that of our competitors, and our ability to sustain our business operations on a long-term basis. These perceptions may cause people with insulin-dependent diabetes, their caregivers and healthcare providers, as well as independent distributors and third-party payors, to question our ability to continue to sell our products, provide customer service, support our commercial organization, and fulfill our strategic objectives. These concerns may arise from a number of factors, including our recent and projected financial results, recent changes in and volatility of our stock price, perceptions about the dilutive impact of our financing transactions, our current level of indebtedness and debt service costs, the competitive environment in our industry, and uncertainties regarding the regulatory environment. Any such concerns, whether actual or perceived, could cause consumers to delay the purchase of our products or purchase competitive products.

Because we currently rely on sales of our t:slim X2 insulin pump and related products to generate a significant majority of our revenue, any factors that negatively impact sales of these products, or result in sales of these products increasing at a lower rate than expected, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

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Our ability to maintain and grow our revenue depends in part on retaining a high percentage of our customer base.*

A key to maintaining and growing our revenue is the retention of a high percentage of our customers due to the potentially significant revenue generated from ongoing purchases of disposable insulin cartridges and other supplies. In addition, our pumps are designed and tested to remain effective for at least four years and a satisfied customer may consider purchasing another product from us when the time comes to replace the pump. We have developed retention programs aimed at our customers, their caregivers and healthcare providers, which include training specific to our products, ongoing support by sales and clinical employees, and 24/7 technical support and customer service. Demand for our products from our existing customers could decline, or could fail to increase in line with our projections, as a result of a number of factors, including the introduction of competitive products, breakthroughs for the monitoring, treatment or prevention of diabetes, changes in reimbursement rates or policies, manufacturing problems, perceived safety or reliability issues with our products or the products of our competitors, the failure to secure regulatory clearance or approvals in a timely manner or at all, or for other reasons. In addition, the retention of our customers may be impacted by negative perceptions regarding our financial stability relative to that of our competitors, and our ability to sustain our business operations on a long-term basis. The failure to retain a high percentage of our customers and increase sales to these customers consistent with our forecasts would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We operate in a very competitive industry and if we fail to compete successfully against our existing or potential competitors, many of whom have greater resources than us, our sales and operating results may be negatively affected.*

The medical device industry is intensely competitive, subject to rapid change and highly sensitive to the introduction of new products, treatment techniques or technologies, as well as other activities of industry participants. We believe our products compete, and will continue to compete, directly with a number of traditional insulin pumps as well as other methods for the treatment of diabetes, including multiple daily injection, or MDI, therapy.

Our primary competitors are major medical device companies that are either publicly traded companies or divisions or subsidiaries of publicly traded companies. For instance, Medtronic MiniMed, a division of Medtronic, Inc., has been the market leader for many years and has the majority share of the traditional insulin pump market in the United States. However, the market for insulin pumps continues to experience significant changes. For instance, in October 2017, Johnson & Johnson announced its plans to discontinue the operations of Animas and to exit the insulin pump business entirely. Animas designated Medtronic as a preferred partner to facilitate the transition of their respective insulin pump customers. In addition, in late 2017, Eli Lilly & Co. announced that it is developing an insulin pump with AID technology that it intends to launch in the next two to three years. There are also a number of other companies developing and marketing their own insulin delivery systems, including insulin pumps and Bluetooth-enabled insulin pens to support MDI therapy. While these industry changes are significant, it is difficult to know how they will influence our business or the competitive landscape in which we operate. Our key competitors, most notably Medtronic, enjoy several competitive advantages over us, including:

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In some instances, our competitors offer products that include features that we do not currently offer. For instance, Medtronic offers a traditional insulin pump with a hybrid closed-loop AID functionality and a new CGM system and Insulet offers an insulin pump with a tubeless delivery system that does not utilize an infusion set. These specific features may make the competitive products more desirable to customers and healthcare providers, which could negatively impact sales of our products.

In addition, the competitive environment in which we operate has resulted and may continue to result in competitive pressures on our manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, collaboration partners and other business constituents. For example, we have entered into development agreements with Dexcom, which provide us non-exclusive licenses to integrate various generations of Dexcom CGM technology with our insulin pump products. Abbott Laboratories recently launched a new blood glucose monitoring system, which competes with the Dexcom technology and another CGM product has CE mark approval and was recently approved for sale in the United States. Competitive pressures within our industry could negatively impact the financial condition of our business partners, impact their ability to fulfill contractual obligations to us, and result in harm to our financial condition and operating results.

For these and other reasons, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current or potential future competitors. As a result, our product sales may be negatively affected, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results.

Competitive products or other technological developments and breakthroughs for the monitoring, treatment or prevention of diabetes may render our products obsolete or less desirable.*

Our ability to achieve our strategic objectives will depend, among other things, on our ability to develop and commercialize products for the treatment of diabetes that offer distinct features and functionality, are easy-to-use, receive adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, and are otherwise more appealing than available alternatives. Our primary competitors, as well as a number of other companies and medical researchers are pursuing new delivery devices, delivery technologies, sensing technologies, treatment techniques, procedures, drugs and other therapies for the monitoring, treatment and prevention of diabetes. Any breakthroughs in diabetes monitoring, treatment or prevention could reduce the potential market for our products or render our products obsolete altogether, which would significantly reduce our sales or cause our sales to grow at a slower rate than we currently expect. In addition, even the perception that new products may be introduced, or that technological or treatment advancements could occur, could cause consumers to delay the purchase of our products.

Because the insulin-dependent diabetes market is large and growing, we anticipate companies will continue to dedicate significant resources to developing competitive products and technologies. The frequent introduction by competitors of products that are or claim to be superior to our products may create market confusion that may make it difficult to differentiate the benefits of our products over competitive products. In addition, some of our competitors employ aggressive pricing strategies, including the use of discounts, rebates, low cost product upgrades or other financial incentives that could adversely affect sales of our products. If a competitor develops a product that competes with or is perceived to be superior to our products, or if competitors continue to utilize strategies that place downward pressure on pricing within our industry, our sales may decline, our operating margins could be reduced and we may fail to meet our financial projections, which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

Moreover, we have designed our products to resemble modern consumer electronic devices to address certain embarrassment and functionality concerns consumers have raised with respect to traditional pumps. The consumer electronics industry is itself highly competitive, and characterized by continuous new product introductions, rapid developments in technology, and subjective and changing consumer preferences. If, in the future, consumers cease to view our products as contemporary or convenient as compared to then-existing consumer electronics technology, our products may become less desirable.

The failure of our insulin pump and related products to achieve and maintain market acceptance could result in us achieving sales below our expectations, which would cause our business, financial condition and operating results to be materially and adversely affected.*

Our current business strategy is highly dependent on our insulin pump and related products achieving and maintaining market acceptance. In order for us to sell our products to people with insulin-dependent diabetes, we must convince them, their caregivers and healthcare providers that our products are an attractive alternative to competitive products for the treatment of diabetes, including traditional insulin pump products and MDI therapies, as well as alternative diabetes monitoring, treatment or prevention methodologies. Market acceptance and adoption of our products depends on educating people with diabetes, as well as their caregivers and healthcare providers, about the distinct features, ease-of-use, positive lifestyle impact, and other perceived benefits of our products as compared to competitive products. If we are not successful in convincing existing and potential customers of the benefits of our products, or if we are not able to achieve the support of caregivers and healthcare providers for our products, our sales may decline or we may achieve sales below our expectations.

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Market acceptance of our products could be negatively impacted by many factors, including:

In addition, even if we are able to convince people with insulin-dependent diabetes, their caregivers or healthcare providers that our products compare favorably to the products and treatment alternatives offered by our competitors, negative perceptions regarding our financial stability relative to that of our competitors, and our ability to sustain our business operations on a long-term basis, could cause consumers to delay the purchase of our products or to purchase competitive products.

Furthermore, the rapid evolution of technology and treatment options within our industry may cause consumers to delay the purchase of our products in anticipation of advancements, or the perception that advancements could occur, in our products or the products offered by our competitors. It is also possible that consumers interested in purchasing any of our future products currently under development may delay the purchase of one of our current products.

If our insulin pump products do not achieve and maintain widespread market acceptance, we may fail to achieve sales at or above our projections, in which case our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

Our ability to achieve profitability will depend, in part, on our ability to reduce the per unit cost of our products by increasing production volume and manufacturing efficiency, including by reducing raw material, labor, product-training, expected warranty and manufacturing overhead costs per unit.*

We believe our ability to reduce the per unit cost of our insulin pump products and related products will have a significant impact on our ability to achieve profitability. Our cost of sales includes raw material procurement costs, labor costs, product training expenses, warranty, scrap and inventory excess and obsolescence. It also includes manufacturing overhead costs, including expenses relating to quality assurance, inventory control, facilities, equipment, information technology and operations management. If we are unable to sustain or reduce our overall cost of sales, including through arrangements such as volume purchase discounts, negotiation of improved pricing, more efficient training programs for customers, and improved warranty performance, it will be difficult to reduce our per unit costs and our ability to achieve profitability will be constrained.

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In addition, the per unit cost of our products is significantly impacted by our overall production volumes, and any factors that prevent our products from achieving market acceptance, cause our production volumes to decline, or result in our sales growing at a slower rate than we expect, would significantly impact our expected per unit costs, which would adversely impact our gross margins. In addition, we may not achieve anticipated improvements in manufacturing productivity following the relocation of our manufacturing operations to our Barnes Canyon facility. Furthermore, while we currently believe our proprietary technology platform will allow us to efficiently design and develop new products, changes in the market that require us to modify or replace our existing platform will reduce the efficiencies gained through our platform and could increase our per unit costs or prevent those costs from declining. If we are unable to effectively manage our overall costs while increasing our production volumes and lowering our per unit costs, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability, which would have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Failure to secure or retain adequate coverage or reimbursement for our current products and our potential future products by third-party payors could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.*

We have derived nearly all of our revenue from sales of insulin pumps, and related insulin cartridges and infusion sets, and expect to continue to do so in the foreseeable future. A substantial portion of the purchase price of an insulin pump is typically paid for by third-party payors, including private insurance companies, preferred provider organizations and other managed care providers. Future sales of our current and future products will be limited unless our customers can rely on third-party payors to pay for all or part of the associated purchase cost. Access to adequate coverage and reimbursement for our current and future products by third-party payors, both domestically and internationally, is essential to the acceptance of our products by customers.

As guidelines in setting their coverage and reimbursement policies, many third-party payors in the United States use coverage decisions and payment amounts determined by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, which administers the U.S. Medicare program. Medicare periodically reviews its reimbursement practices for diabetes-related products. Medicare previously implemented a competitive bidding process for blood glucose strip reimbursement, which resulted in a significant reduction in the reimbursement rate for those products. In 2017, Medicare announced, and then shortly thereafter suspended, a competitive bidding process for insulin pumps. As a result, there is uncertainty as to the future Medicare reimbursement rate for our products. In addition, those third-party payors that do not follow the CMS guidelines may adopt different coverage and reimbursement policies for our current and future products. It is possible that some third-party payors will not offer any coverage for our current or future products. For instance, effective July 1, 2016, UnitedHealthcare designated one of our competitors as their preferred, in-network durable medical equipment provider of insulin pumps for most customers over the age of 18. We expect this decision will prevent a majority of UnitedHealthcare members from purchasing an insulin pump from us for the foreseeable future. It is possible that other third-party payors may adopt similar policies in the future, which would adversely impact our ability to sell our products.

We currently have contracts establishing reimbursement for our insulin pump products with approximately 176 national and regional third-party payors in the United States. While we may enter into additional contracts both domestically and internationally, with third-party payors and adding coverage for future products under our current agreements, we cannot guarantee that we will succeed in doing so or that the reimbursement contracts that we are able to negotiate will enable us to sell our products on a profitable basis. In particular, we do not have experience securing reimbursement in international markets. Also, any negative perceptions among third-party payors regarding our financial stability, including our ability to continue to sell and service our products, may make it more difficult to enter into or renew reimbursement contracts with third-party payors. In addition, existing contracts with third-party payors generally can be modified or terminated by the third-party payor without cause and with little or no notice to us. Moreover, compliance with the administrative procedures or requirements of third-party payors may result in delays in processing approvals by those third-party payors for customers to obtain coverage for our products. Failure to secure or retain adequate coverage or reimbursement for our current and future products by third-party payors, or delays in processing approvals by those payors, could result in the loss of sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Further, the healthcare industry in the United States is increasingly focused on cost containment as government and private insurers seek to control healthcare costs by imposing lower payment rates and negotiating reduced contract rates with third-party payors. If third-party payors deny coverage or reduce their current levels of payment, or if our production costs increase faster than increases in reimbursement levels, we may be unable to sell our products on a profitable basis.

We may face unexpected challenges in marketing and selling our products, and training new customers on the use of our products, which could harm our ability to achieve our sales forecasts.*

We have only limited experience marketing and selling our products as well as training new customers on their use. In addition, the vast majority of our existing customers are individuals with type 1 diabetes, and we have only limited experience marketing and selling our products to customers with type 2 diabetes. We anticipate that selling our products to customers with higher insulin requirements, including customers with type 2 diabetes, may be even more difficult following our decision to discontinue new sales of t:flex pumps in the third quarter of 2018.

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We expect to derive nearly all of our revenue from the sale of our t:slim X2 insulin pump, and the related insulin cartridges and infusion sets, unless and until we receive regulatory clearance or approval for other products currently under development. As a result, our financial condition and operating results are and will continue to be highly dependent on our ability to adequately promote, market and sell our t:slim X2 insulin pump and related products, and the ability of our diabetes educators to train new customers on the use of our products. If our sales and marketing representatives or diabetes educators fail to achieve their objectives, our sales could decrease or may not increase at levels that are in line with our forecasts.

If we are unable to maintain our existing sales, marketing, clinical and customer service infrastructure, we may fail to increase our sales to meet our forecasts.*

A key element of our business strategy involves our sales, clinical, marketing and customer service personnel driving adoption of our products. We have rapidly increased the number of sales, marketing, clinical and customer service personnel employed by us since the initial commercial launch of t:slim in 2012. However, we have faced considerable challenges in growing and managing these resources, including with respect to recruiting, training and assimilation of new territories and accounts. We expect to continue to face significant challenges as we manage and grow our infrastructure in the future and work to motivate and retain the individuals who make up our existing infrastructure. These challenges may be even greater in connection with our commercial expansion outside the United States. Unexpected turnover among our sales, marketing, clinical and customer service personnel would have a negative impact on our ability to achieve our sales projections. Further, if a sales, marketing or clinical representative was to depart and be retained by one of our competitors, we may fail to prevent him or her from helping competitors solicit business from our existing customers, which could adversely affect our sales. Similarly, if we are not able to recruit and retain a network of diabetes educators and customer service personnel, we may not be able to successfully train and service new customers, which could delay new sales and harm our reputation.

We expect the management of our sales, marketing, clinical and customer service personnel will continue to place significant burdens on our management team. If we are unable to retain our personnel in line with our strategic plans, we may not be able to effectively commercialize our existing products or products under development, or enhance the strength of our brand, either of which could result in the failure of our sales to increase in line with our projections or cause sales to decline.

Our sales and marketing efforts are dependent on independent distributors who are free to market products that compete with our products. If we are unable to maintain or expand our network of independent distributors, our sales may be negatively affected.*

For the year ended December 31, 2017, sales to approximately 35 independent distributors represented approximately 75% of our sales. While our goal in the United States is to ultimately reduce the percentage of our sales to independent distributors over time as we enter into contracts with additional third-party payors, we believe a majority of our sales will continue to be to independent distributors for the foreseeable future, and it is possible that the percentage of our sales to independent distributors could even increase in the near term, particularly in light of our plans to primarily rely on independent distributors outside of the United States. For example, our dependence upon independent distributors could increase if third-party payors decide to contract with independent distributors directly in lieu of contracting with us to supply our products to their members directly. Our dependence upon independent distributors has also increased following our launch of the t:lock for our insulin cartridge, which may continue to result in greater sales of our infusion sets to distributors. Our dependence upon independent distributors could also increase if customers prefer to purchase all of their diabetes supplies through a single source, instead of purchasing pump-related products through us and other diabetes supplies through other suppliers. However, negative perceptions among independent distributors regarding our financial stability, and our ability to sustain our business operations on a long-term basis, may negatively impact the willingness of our distributors to continue to do business with us. None of our independent distributors in the United States has been required to sell our products exclusively and each of them may freely sell the products of our competitors. Our distributor agreements in the United States generally have one-year initial terms with automatic one-year renewal terms, and are terminable in connection with a party’s material breach. Our distributor agreements outside the United States generally have longer initial terms and, in addition to being terminable in connection with a party’s material breach, include provisions that allow us to terminate those agreements prior to their ordinary expiration. If we are unable to maintain or expand our network of independent distributors, our sales may be negatively affected.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, our two largest independent distributors collectively comprised approximately 35.5% of our sales. If any of our key independent distributors were to cease to distribute our products or reduce their promotion of our products as compared to the products of our competitors, our sales could be adversely affected. In that case, we may need to seek alternative independent distributors or increase our reliance on our other independent distributors or our direct sales representatives, which may not prevent our sales from being adversely affected. Additionally, to the extent we enter into additional arrangements with independent distributors to perform sales, marketing or distribution services, or other arrangements pursuant to which independent distributors may purchase product from us, the terms of the arrangements could result in our product margins to be lower than if we directly marketed and sold our products.

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We also intend to market our products internationally primarily through independent distributors and expect we will be similarly dependent on these distributors when we commence international sales.

If the third parties on which we increasingly rely to assist us with our current and anticipated pre-clinical development or clinical trials do not perform as expected, we may not be able to obtain regulatory clearance or approval or commercialize our products.*

As our clinical infrastructure expands, we expect to increasingly rely on third parties, such as contract research organizations, medical institutions, clinical investigators and contract laboratories to conduct some of our current and anticipated pre-clinical investigations and clinical trials. If we are not able to reach mutually acceptable agreements with these third parties on a timely basis, or these third parties do not successfully carry out their commitments or regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, or the quality or accuracy of the data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to agreed upon clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our pre-clinical development activities or clinical trials may be extended, delayed, suspended or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, our products on a timely basis, if at all, and our business, operating results and prospects may be adversely affected. In particular, we currently expect to rely on data from the U.S. portion of the Clinical Acceptance of the Artificial Pancreas (DLP3) portion of the International Diabetes Closed Loop (IDCL) Trial, to support our development of t:slim X2 with Control IQ. The IDCL Trial is being conducted entirely by third parties over which we have little or no control or influence. In the event that the IDCL Trial is not performed on a timely basis, or if the quality or accuracy of the data obtained from the IDCL Trial is compromised due to the failure to adhere to clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our development activities for t:slim X2 with Control IQ may be negatively impacted.

We are increasingly dependent on clinical investigators and clinical sites to enroll patients in our current and anticipated clinical trials, and the failure to successfully complete the clinical trials could prevent us from obtaining regulatory approvals for or commercializing our products.

As part of our product development efforts, we expect to increasingly rely on clinical investigators and clinical sites to enroll patients in our clinical trials and other third parties to manage such trials and to perform related data collection and analysis. However, we may not be able to control the amount and timing of resources that clinical sites may devote to our clinical trials, especially with respect to the IDCL Trial that we intend to rely upon for the development of t:slim X2 with Control IQ. If these clinical investigators and clinical sites fail to enroll a sufficient number of patients, fail to ensure compliance by patients with clinical protocols, or fail to comply with regulatory requirements, we may be unable to successfully complete our clinical trials, which could prevent us from obtaining regulatory approvals for our products and commercializing our products, which would have an adverse impact on our business.

If important assumptions about the potential market for our products are inaccurate, or if we have failed to understand what people with insulin-dependent diabetes are seeking in an insulin pump, our business and operating results may be adversely affected.

Our business strategy was developed based on a number of important assumptions about the diabetes industry in general, and the insulin-dependent diabetes market in particular, any one or more of which may prove to be inaccurate or may change over time. For example, we believe that the benefits of insulin pump therapy as compared to other common insulin treatment alternatives will continue to drive growth in the market for insulin pump therapy. In addition, we believe the incidence of diabetes in the United States and worldwide is increasing. However, each of these assumptions may prove to be inaccurate and limited sources exist to compare treatment alternatives and obtain reliable market data. The actual incidence of diabetes, and the actual demand for our products or competitive products, could differ materially from our projections if our assumptions are incorrect. In addition, our strategy of focusing exclusively on the insulin-dependent diabetes market may limit our ability to increase sales or achieve profitability.

Another key element of our business strategy is utilizing market research to understand what people with diabetes are seeking to improve their diabetes therapy management. This strategy underlies our entire product design, marketing and customer support approach and is the basis on which we developed our current products and are pursuing the development of new products. However, our market research is based on interviews, focus groups and online surveys involving people with insulin-dependent diabetes, their caregivers and healthcare providers that represent only a small percentage of the overall insulin-dependent diabetes market. As a result, the responses we received may not be reflective of the broader market and may not provide us accurate insight into the desires of people with insulin-dependent diabetes. In addition, understanding the meaning and significance of the responses received during our market research necessarily requires that analysis be conducted and conclusions be drawn. We may not be able perform an analysis that yields meaningful results, or the conclusions we draw from the analysis could be misleading or incorrect. Moreover, even if our market research has allowed us to better understand the features and functionality consumers are seeking in an insulin pump to improve management of their diabetes therapy, there can be no assurance that consumers will actually purchase our products or that our competitors will not develop products with similar features.

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We expect to face complexities frequently encountered by companies in competitive and rapidly-evolving markets, which may make it difficult to evaluate our business and forecast our future sales and operating results.*

We operate in a competitive and rapidly-evolving market. Important industry changes, such as the FDA approval and launch of new products by our competitors and the announcement by Johnson & Johnson that it is discontinuing the operations of Animas and exiting the insulin pump business, as well changes specific to our business, such as the recent approval of t:slim X2 with Basal-IQ technology and our plans to commence commercial sales in international markets during the second half of 2018, combine to make it more difficult for us to predict our future sales and operating results, as well as our expected timeframe to achieve profitability. In assessing our business prospects, you should consider these factors as well as the various risks and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in competitive and rapidly evolving markets, particularly those facing emerging growth companies that manufacture and sell medical devices.

These risks include our ability to:

As a result of these or other risks, we may not be able to execute key components of our business strategy, and our business, financial condition and operating results may suffer.

The Technology Upgrade Program resulted in accounting complexities that may lead to confusion when comparing our historical and future financial results.

While our Technology Upgrade Program expired on September 30, 2017, it resulted in a number of accounting complexities that will continue to make comparisons of our historical and future financial results more difficult. In particular, during the term of the Technology Upgrade Program, U.S. GAAP prevented us from recognizing, at the time of sale, up to 100% of the sales and cost of sales associated with the sale of our insulin pumps to eligible customers. Instead, depending on the type of pump sold, we were required to defer some or all of the sales and cost of sales until a later date. In light of the expiration of the Program, we are no longer subject to these accounting deferrals. However, in evaluating our 2017 financial results through December 31, 2017, as a result of the Technology Upgrade Program we recorded incremental net sales of $5.0 million that were previously deferred, with a corresponding increase of $3.1 million in gross profit.

Despite our efforts to explain the required accounting treatment for the Technology Upgrade Program, it is possible that there may be confusion when comparing our historical and future financial results, which may cause our stock price to decline. For example, any revenue growth in 2018 on a U.S. GAAP basis is expected to be lower than the rate of growth on a product volume basis. In addition, the complexities associated with the Program may cause investors to avoid investing in our common stock until our financial results and trends are more predictable, which may also adversely impact our stock price.

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Manufacturing risks may adversely affect our ability to manufacture products, which could negatively impact our sales and operating margins.*

Our business strategy depends on our ability to manufacture our current and proposed products in sufficient quantities and on a timely basis so as to meet consumer demand, while adhering to product quality standards, complying with regulatory requirements and managing manufacturing costs. We are subject to numerous risks related to our manufacturing capabilities, including: